메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 62-70

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

Author keywords

Burden of disease; Interpersonal violence prevention policy; Interventions; Low to middle income contexts; Risk factors; South Africa; Western Cape

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION; CRIMINAL JUSTICE; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; EDUCATION PROGRAM; FAMILY COUNSELING; FAMILY VIOLENCE; FIREARM; HEALTH EDUCATION; HOUSING; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE; HYPERACTIVITY; IMPULSIVENESS; INTEGRATION; JOB SECURITY; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LICENSING; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; MIGRATION; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PEER COUNSELING; PEER PRESSURE; PHYSICAL DISEASE; POVERTY; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC PHENOMENA; PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDER; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOUTH AFRICA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; URBANIZATION; VIOLENCE; WORKPLACE VIOLENCE; ADULT; AGE; COST OF ILLNESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; INCOME; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955088082     PISSN: 01688510     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.03.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0003249003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical annex
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.)
    • Mathers C.D., Inoue M., Guigoz Y., Lozano R., Tomaskovic L. Statistical annex. World report on violence and health 2002, 255-325. World Health Organization, Geneva. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.).
    • (2002) World report on violence and health , pp. 255-325
    • Mathers, C.D.1    Inoue, M.2    Guigoz, Y.3    Lozano, R.4    Tomaskovic, L.5
  • 4
    • 77955091538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC]. International Homicide Statistics
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC]. International Homicide Statistics; 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 6
    • 77955090794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • et al. South African National Burden of Disease Study 2000: estimates of provincial mortality;
    • Bradshaw D, Nannan N, Laubscher R, Groenewald P, Joubert J, Nojilana B, et al. South African National Burden of Disease Study 2000: estimates of provincial mortality; 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Bradshaw, D.1    Nannan, N.2    Laubscher, R.3    Groenewald, P.4    Joubert, J.5    Nojilana, B.6
  • 7
    • 77955090904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western Cape burden of disease reduction project: overview of the report;.
    • Myers JE, Naledi NT. Western Cape burden of disease reduction project: overview of the report; 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Myers, J.E.1    Naledi, N.T.2
  • 8
    • 77955090453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Global consultation on violence and health. Violence: a public health priority;
    • World Health Organization. Global consultation on violence and health. Violence: a public health priority; 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 10
    • 0037815248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence-a global public health problem
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.)
    • Dahlberg L.L., Krug E. Violence-a global public health problem. World report on violence and health 2002, 1-21. World Health Organization, Geneva. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.).
    • (2002) World report on violence and health , pp. 1-21
    • Dahlberg, L.L.1    Krug, E.2
  • 11
    • 77955088244 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. First international conference on health promotion; 21 November
    • Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. First international conference on health promotion; 21 November 1986.
    • (1986)
  • 12
    • 77955089984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes. Interim statement;
    • Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes. Interim statement; 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 13
    • 77955086409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organisation. Age-standardized mortality rates by cause (per 100,000 population); available at: [accessed June 18, 2008].
    • World Health Organisation. Age-standardized mortality rates by cause (per 100,000 population); 2008, available at: [accessed June 18, 2008]. http://www.who.int/whosis/indicators/compendium/2008/1mst/en/index.html.
    • (2008)
  • 14
    • 77955091991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence and Injury Surveillance Consortium. National non-fatal injury surveillance system: pilot study report;
    • Violence and Injury Surveillance Consortium. National non-fatal injury surveillance system: pilot study report; 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 15
    • 77955090961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norman R. Estimates of Injury mortality and disability based on the Cape Metropole Study;
    • Norman R. Estimates of Injury mortality and disability based on the Cape Metropole Study; 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 17
    • 77955086178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Every six hours a woman is killed by her intimate partner a national study of female homicide in South Africa;
    • Mathews S, Abrahams N, Martin LJ, Vetten L, Van der Merwe L, Jewkes R. Every six hours a woman is killed by her intimate partner a national study of female homicide in South Africa; 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Mathews, S.1    Abrahams, N.2    Martin, L.J.3    Vetten, L.4    Van der Merwe, L.5    Jewkes, R.6
  • 18
    • 50849103962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence and children in South Africa
    • Oxford University Press, Cape Town, S. Van As, S. Naidoo (Eds.)
    • Matzopoulos R.G., Bowman B. Violence and children in South Africa. Paediatric trauma and child abuse handbook 2006, Oxford University Press, Cape Town. S. Van As, S. Naidoo (Eds.).
    • (2006) Paediatric trauma and child abuse handbook
    • Matzopoulos, R.G.1    Bowman, B.2
  • 19
    • 77955086076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South African Police Services. Annual report of the South African police services for 2004/2005;
    • South African Police Services. Annual report of the South African police services for 2004/2005; 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 20
    • 0043044356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.)
    • Runyan D., Wattam C., Ikeda R., Hassan F., Ramiro L. Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers. World report on violence and health 2002, 59-86. World Health Organization, Geneva. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.).
    • (2002) World report on violence and health , pp. 59-86
    • Runyan, D.1    Wattam, C.2    Ikeda, R.3    Hassan, F.4    Ramiro, L.5
  • 21
    • 0036787925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview
    • Jewkes R., Abrahams N. The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview. Social Science and Medicine 2002, 55(7):1231-1244.
    • (2002) Social Science and Medicine , vol.55 , Issue.7 , pp. 1231-1244
    • Jewkes, R.1    Abrahams, N.2
  • 23
    • 0000166533 scopus 로고
    • Temperamental contributions to social behavior
    • Kagan J. Temperamental contributions to social behavior. American Psychologist 1989, 44:668-674.
    • (1989) American Psychologist , vol.44 , pp. 668-674
    • Kagan, J.1
  • 24
    • 0003249003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth violence
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.)
    • Mercy J.A., Butchart A., Farrington D., Cerda M. Youth violence. World report on violence and health 2002, 23-56. World Health Organization, Geneva. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.).
    • (2002) World report on violence and health , pp. 23-56
    • Mercy, J.A.1    Butchart, A.2    Farrington, D.3    Cerda, M.4
  • 25
    • 0036690337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: a review
    • Raine A. Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: a review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2002, 30(4):311.
    • (2002) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 311
    • Raine, A.1
  • 26
    • 0037008485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children
    • Caspi A., McClay J., Moffitt T.E., Mill J., Martin J., Craig I.W., et al. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 2002, 297(5582):851-854.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , Issue.5582 , pp. 851-854
    • Caspi, A.1    McClay, J.2    Moffitt, T.E.3    Mill, J.4    Martin, J.5    Craig, I.W.6
  • 28
    • 0036288841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    • Gesch C.B., Hammond S.M., Hampson S.E., Eves A., Crowder M.J. Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 181:22-28.
    • (2002) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.181 , pp. 22-28
    • Gesch, C.B.1    Hammond, S.M.2    Hampson, S.E.3    Eves, A.4    Crowder, M.J.5
  • 29
    • 0033627482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy
    • Nevin R. How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy. Environment Research 2000, 83(1):1-22.
    • (2000) Environment Research , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Nevin, R.1
  • 30
    • 34247100432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A public health approach to addressing alcohol related crime in South Africa
    • Parry C.D.H., Dewing S. A public health approach to addressing alcohol related crime in South Africa. African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies 2006, 5(1):41-56.
    • (2006) African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-56
    • Parry, C.D.H.1    Dewing, S.2
  • 31
    • 84958887148 scopus 로고
    • Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys
    • Strauss M., Gelles R.J. Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1986, 48:465-479.
    • (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.48 , pp. 465-479
    • Strauss, M.1    Gelles, R.J.2
  • 32
    • 0030077731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual assault history and limitations in physical functioning in two general population samples
    • Golding J.M. Sexual assault history and limitations in physical functioning in two general population samples. Research in Nursing & Health 1996, 19(1):33-44.
    • (1996) Research in Nursing & Health , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-44
    • Golding, J.M.1
  • 33
    • 0028401640 scopus 로고
    • Wife assault: the findings of a national survey
    • Rodgers K. Wife assault: the findings of a national survey. Juristat 1994, 14(9):1-21.
    • (1994) Juristat , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 1-21
    • Rodgers, K.1
  • 35
    • 17244379699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and intimate partner violence: when can we say that heavy drinking is a contributing cause of violence?
    • Leonard K.E. Alcohol and intimate partner violence: when can we say that heavy drinking is a contributing cause of violence?. Addiction 2005, 100(4):422-425.
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 422-425
    • Leonard, K.E.1
  • 37
    • 0036843207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for domestic violence: findings from a South African cross-sectional study
    • Jewkes R., Levin J., Penn-Kekana L. Risk factors for domestic violence: findings from a South African cross-sectional study. Society Science and Medicine 2002, 55(9):1603-1617.
    • (2002) Society Science and Medicine , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 1603-1617
    • Jewkes, R.1    Levin, J.2    Penn-Kekana, L.3
  • 38
    • 33646347374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intimate partner violence: prevalence and risk factors for men in Cape Town, South Africa
    • Abrahams N., Jewkes R., Laubscher R., Hoffman M. Intimate partner violence: prevalence and risk factors for men in Cape Town, South Africa. Violence Victims 2006, 21(2):247-264.
    • (2006) Violence Victims , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-264
    • Abrahams, N.1    Jewkes, R.2    Laubscher, R.3    Hoffman, M.4
  • 45
    • 77955090141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illegal use and in particular tik and criminal groups in the Western Cape; MPhil dissertation. University of Cape Town, Department of Criminology,
    • Scholes R. Illegal use and in particular tik and criminal groups in the Western Cape; MPhil dissertation. University of Cape Town, Department of Criminology, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Scholes, R.1
  • 46
    • 0032078801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth violence in the United States. Major trends, risk factors, and prevention approaches
    • Dahlberg L.L. Youth violence in the United States. Major trends, risk factors, and prevention approaches. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998, 14(4):259-272.
    • (1998) American Journal of Preventive Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-272
    • Dahlberg, L.L.1
  • 47
    • 0003435549 scopus 로고
    • National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington, National Research Council
    • National Research Council Understanding child abuse and neglect 1993, National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington.
    • (1993) Understanding child abuse and neglect
  • 48
    • 0033954053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk Factors and context of men who physically abuse in Bogotá, Colombia
    • Klevens J., Bayón M.C., Sierra M. Risk Factors and context of men who physically abuse in Bogotá, Colombia. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000, 24(3):323-332.
    • (2000) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-332
    • Klevens, J.1    Bayón, M.C.2    Sierra, M.3
  • 49
    • 0018512890 scopus 로고
    • Some child-rearing antecedents of criminal behavior in adult men
    • McCord J. Some child-rearing antecedents of criminal behavior in adult men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1979, 37(9):1477-1486.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1477-1486
    • McCord, J.1
  • 50
    • 0002812779 scopus 로고
    • The role of parental variables in the learning of aggression
    • Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, D. Pepler, K. Rubin (Eds.)
    • Eron L.D., Huesmann L.R., Zelli A. The role of parental variables in the learning of aggression. The Development and treatment of childhood aggression 1991, 169-188. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. D. Pepler, K. Rubin (Eds.).
    • (1991) The Development and treatment of childhood aggression , pp. 169-188
    • Eron, L.D.1    Huesmann, L.R.2    Zelli, A.3
  • 51
    • 0003106155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors, causes, and correlates of male youth violence
    • University of Chicago Press, M. Tonry, H. Moore (Eds.)
    • Farrington D.P. Predictors, causes, and correlates of male youth violence. Youth violence Chicago 1998, University of Chicago Press. M. Tonry, H. Moore (Eds.).
    • (1998) Youth violence Chicago
    • Farrington, D.P.1
  • 52
    • 0033962558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and child sexual abuse among secondary students in the Northern Province (South Africa)
    • Madu S.N., Peltzer K. Risk factors and child sexual abuse among secondary students in the Northern Province (South Africa). Child Abuse & Neglect 2000, 24:259-268.
    • (2000) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.24 , pp. 259-268
    • Madu, S.N.1    Peltzer, K.2
  • 53
    • 3242814329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa
    • Dunkle K.L., Jewkes R.K., Brown H.C., Yoshihama M., Gray G.E., McIntyre J.A., et al. Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004, 160(3):230-239.
    • (2004) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.160 , Issue.3 , pp. 230-239
    • Dunkle, K.L.1    Jewkes, R.K.2    Brown, H.C.3    Yoshihama, M.4    Gray, G.E.5    McIntyre, J.A.6
  • 54
    • 77955090869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing violence: a guide to implementing the recommendations of the world report on violence and health;
    • Butchart A, Phinney A, Check P, Villaveces A. Preventing violence: a guide to implementing the recommendations of the world report on violence and health; 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Butchart, A.1    Phinney, A.2    Check, P.3    Villaveces, A.4
  • 55
    • 22544473028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextualising group rape in post-apartheid South Africa
    • Wood K. Contextualising group rape in post-apartheid South Africa. Culture Health and Sexuality 2005, 7:303-317.
    • (2005) Culture Health and Sexuality , vol.7 , pp. 303-317
    • Wood, K.1
  • 57
    • 77955087833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legislative responses to violence. Prevention of violence against women and children: a data to action workshop, 27-29 June 2006;
    • Legislative responses to violence. Prevention of violence against women and children: a data to action workshop, 27-29 June 2006; 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 58
    • 77955088335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A profile of gangs
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.)
    • Cerda M. A profile of gangs. World report on violence and health 2002, 35. World Health Organization, Geneva. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.).
    • (2002) World report on violence and health , pp. 35
    • Cerda, M.1
  • 59
    • 77955091924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical Research Council. Umthente Uhlaba Usamila: the 1st South African national youth risk behaviour survey;
    • Medical Research Council. Umthente Uhlaba Usamila: the 1st South African national youth risk behaviour survey; 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 62
    • 77955086520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early childhood public engagement campaign network conference call: summary;. Retrieved: July, 1, 2005 from .
    • Earls F. Early childhood public engagement campaign network conference call: summary; 1999. Retrieved: July, 1, 2005 from http://www.familiesandwork.org/forums/library/f11/cc9969.pdf.
    • (1999)
    • Earls, F.1
  • 64
    • 0028925561 scopus 로고
    • High school dropouts in a working-class South African community: selected characteristics and risk taking behavior
    • Flisher A.J., Chalton D.O. High school dropouts in a working-class South African community: selected characteristics and risk taking behavior. Journal of Adolescence 1995, 18(1):105.
    • (1995) Journal of Adolescence , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 105
    • Flisher, A.J.1    Chalton, D.O.2
  • 66
    • 0013024002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence by intimate partners
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.)
    • Heise L., Garcia-Moreno C. Violence by intimate partners. World report on violence and health 2002, 87-121. World Health Organization, Geneva. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A.B. Zwi, R. Lozano (Eds.).
    • (2002) World report on violence and health , pp. 87-121
    • Heise, L.1    Garcia-Moreno, C.2
  • 67
    • 70649091223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of return: Intimate partner violence in Northern Uganda's armed conflict
    • Annan J., Brier M. The risk of return: Intimate partner violence in Northern Uganda's armed conflict. Society Science and Medicine 2010, 70(1):152-159.
    • (2010) Society Science and Medicine , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 152-159
    • Annan, J.1    Brier, M.2
  • 68
    • 44949149231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, war, and violence: surviving the experience
    • Usta J., Farver J.A.M., Zein L. Women, war, and violence: surviving the experience. Journal of Women's Health 2008, 17(5):793-804.
    • (2008) Journal of Women's Health , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 793-804
    • Usta, J.1    Farver, J.A.M.2    Zein, L.3
  • 69
    • 74549223023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between exposure to political violence and intimate-partner violence in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study
    • Clark C.J., Everson-Rose S., Suglia S.F., Btoush R., Alonso A., Haj-Yahia M. Association between exposure to political violence and intimate-partner violence in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2010, 375(9711):310-316.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9711 , pp. 310-316
    • Clark, C.J.1    Everson-Rose, S.2    Suglia, S.F.3    Btoush, R.4    Alonso, A.5    Haj-Yahia, M.6
  • 70
    • 84859988755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population and planning in the Western Cape: a policy review
    • HSRC Press, R. Marindo, C. Groenewald, S. Gaisie (Eds.)
    • Solomon S. Population and planning in the Western Cape: a policy review. The state of the population in the Western Cape Province Pretoria 2008, 25-45. HSRC Press. R. Marindo, C. Groenewald, S. Gaisie (Eds.).
    • (2008) The state of the population in the Western Cape Province Pretoria , pp. 25-45
    • Solomon, S.1
  • 71
    • 77955085639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. 2007/2008 Human Development Report;
    • United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. 2007/2008 Human Development Report; 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 73
    • 77955088739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health Western Cape. Metropole district health services annual report (2003-2004);
    • Department of Health Western Cape. Metropole district health services annual report (2003-2004); 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 75
    • 21844525893 scopus 로고
    • Age structure. Socio-political institutions, and national homicide rates
    • Pampel F.C., Gartner R. Age structure. Socio-political institutions, and national homicide rates. European Sociological Review 1995, 11(3):243-260.
    • (1995) European Sociological Review , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-260
    • Pampel, F.C.1    Gartner, R.2
  • 76
    • 0031408997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political restraint of the market and levels of criminal homicide: a crossnational application of institutional-anomie theory
    • Messner S.F., Rosenfeld R. Political restraint of the market and levels of criminal homicide: a crossnational application of institutional-anomie theory. Social Forces 1997, 75:1393-1416.
    • (1997) Social Forces , vol.75 , pp. 1393-1416
    • Messner, S.F.1    Rosenfeld, R.2
  • 77
    • 77955091851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the impact of the Domestic Violence Act (no. 116 of 1998) on Women; (Research Report. Cape Town: Medical Research Council, 2001 ).
    • Mathews S, Abrahams N. An analysis of the impact of the Domestic Violence Act (no. 116 of 1998) on Women; 2001 (Research Report. Cape Town: Medical Research Council, 2001 ). http://www.mrc.ac.za/gender/domesticviolence.pdf.
    • (2001)
    • Mathews, S.1    Abrahams, N.2
  • 78
    • 77955091990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the implementation of the domestic violence act: first report 2000-2001;
    • Parenzee P, Artz L, Moult K. Monitoring the implementation of the domestic violence act: first report 2000-2001; 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Parenzee, P.1    Artz, L.2    Moult, K.3
  • 79
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson R.J., Raudenbush S.W., Earls F. Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 1997, 277(5328):918-924.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , Issue.5328 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2    Earls, F.3
  • 80
    • 84984342850 scopus 로고
    • Income inequality and homicide rates: cross-national data and criminological theories
    • Krahn H., Hartnagel T.F., Gartrell J.W. Income inequality and homicide rates: cross-national data and criminological theories. Criminology 1986, 24(2):269-295.
    • (1986) Criminology , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 269-295
    • Krahn, H.1    Hartnagel, T.F.2    Gartrell, J.W.3
  • 81
    • 0024264776 scopus 로고
    • Research on cultural and socioeconomic factors in criminal violence
    • Messner S.F. Research on cultural and socioeconomic factors in criminal violence. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1988, 11(4):511-525.
    • (1988) Psychiatric Clinics of North America , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 511-525
    • Messner, S.F.1
  • 82
    • 77955090241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • et al. Cause of death and premature mortality in Cape Town, 2001-2004;: 7 Cape Town: University of Cape Town on behalf of the Provincial; Department of Health. (accessed 12 December 2007).
    • Groenewald P, Bradshaw D, Daniels J, Matzopoulos R, Bourne D, Shaikh N, et al. Cause of death and premature mortality in Cape Town, 2001-2004; 2007: 7 Cape Town: University of Cape Town on behalf of the Provincial; Department of Health. (accessed 12 December 2007). http://www.capegateway.gov.za/Text/2007/6/cd_volume_2_mortality_surveillance.pdf.
    • (2007)
    • Groenewald, P.1    Bradshaw, D.2    Daniels, J.3    Matzopoulos, R.4    Bourne, D.5    Shaikh, N.6
  • 83
    • 77955091465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC]. Why fighting crime can assist the development of Africa: rule of law and the protection of the most vulnerable; Vienna: UNODC, (THe report is available at the following URL: ).
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC]. Why fighting crime can assist the development of Africa: rule of law and the protection of the most vulnerable; Vienna: UNODC, 2005 (THe report is available at the following URL: ). http://www.unodc.org/pdf/research/Africa_Summary_eng.pdf.
    • (2005)
  • 85
    • 45849121810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Africa failing people displaced by xenophobia riots
    • Kapp C. South Africa failing people displaced by xenophobia riots. Lancet 2008, 371(9629):1986-1987.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , Issue.9629 , pp. 1986-1987
    • Kapp, C.1
  • 86
    • 67649448547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is South Africa really the world's crime capital? Puzzling statistics
    • Altbeker A. Is South Africa really the world's crime capital? Puzzling statistics. South African Crime Quarterly 2005, (11):1-8.
    • (2005) South African Crime Quarterly , Issue.11 , pp. 1-8
    • Altbeker, A.1
  • 90
    • 57149103819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence prevention through multi-sectoral partnerships: the cases of Cali and Bogotá, Colombia
    • Guerrero R. Violence prevention through multi-sectoral partnerships: the cases of Cali and Bogotá, Colombia. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention 2006, 4(2):88-98.
    • (2006) African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 88-98
    • Guerrero, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.