Individual differences and reasoning: A study on personality traits

British Journal of Psychology

Volumn 101, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 545-562

  Bensi, Luca ^a   Giusberti, Fiorella ^a   Nori, Raffaella ^a   Gambetti, Elisa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; OBSESSION; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; THINKING; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADULT; ANXIETY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; OBSESSIVE BEHAVIOR; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; THINKING;

EID: 77955066464     PISSN: 20448295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/000712609X471030     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bacon, A. M., Handley, S. J., & McDonald, E. L. (2007). Reasoning and dyslexia: A spatial strategy may impede reasoning with visually rich information. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 79-92. doi:10.1348/000712606X103987.
2. Beech, A., & Claridge, G. (1987). Individual differences in negative priming: Relations with schizotypal personality traits. British Journal of Psychology, 78, 349-356.
3. Bensi, L., & Giusberti, F. (2007). Trait anxiety and reasoning under uncertainty. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(4), 827-838.
4. Bensi, L., & Giusberti, F. (2009). Decision-making under uncertainty and anxiety. Manuscript submitted for publication.
5. Chater, N., & Oaksford, M. (2001). Human rationality and the psychology of reasoning: Where do we go from here? British Journal of Psychology, 92, 193-216. doi:10.1348/ 000712601162031.
6. Colbert, S. M., & Peters, E. R. (2002). Need for closure and jumping-to-conclusions in delusion prone individuals. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 27-31.
7. Davis, C., Patte, K., Tweed, S., & Curtis, C. (2007). Personality traits associated with decisionmaking deficits. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 279-290.
8. Dudley, R. E. J., & Over, D. E. (2003). People with delusions jump to conclusions: A theoretical account of research findings on the reasoning of people with delusions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10, 263-274.
9. Fear, C. F., & Healy, D. (1997). Probabilistic reasoning in obsessive-compulsive and delusional disorders. Psychological Medicine, 27, 199-208.
10. Fine, C., Gardner, M., Craigie, J., & Gold, I. (2007). Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 12(1), 46-77.
11. Franken, I. H. A., & Muris, P. (2005). Individual differences in decision-making. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 991-998.
12. Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., McGuire, P., & Kuipers, E. (2005). Developing a theoretical understanding of therapy techniques: Reasoning, therapy and symptoms. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 241-254. doi:10.1348/014466505X29981/
13. Freeman, D., Pugh, K., & Garety, P. A. (2008). Jumping to conclusions and paranoid ideation in the general population. Schizophrenia Research, 102, 254-260.
14. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Galbraith, N., Manktelow, K., & Morris, N. (2008). Subclinical delusional ideation and a selfreference bias in everyday reasoning. British Journal of Psychology, 99, 29-44. doi:10.1348/000712607X204317.
16. Gambetti, E., & Giusberti, F. (2009). Trait anger and anger expression style in children's risky decisions. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 14-23.
17. Garety, P. A., & Freeman, D. (1999). Cognitive approaches to delusions: A critical review of theories and evidence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), 113-154. doi:10.1348/014466599162700.
18. Garety, P. A., Hemsley, D. R., & Wessely, S. (1991). Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients: Biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179(4), 194-201.
19. Greco, V., & Roger, D. (2001). Coping with uncertainty: The construction and validation of a new measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(4), 519-534.
20. Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1989). MMPI-2: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2: Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis, MI: University of Minnesota Press.
21. Huq, S. F., Garety, P. A., & Hemsley, D. R. (1988). Probabilistic judgements in deluded and nondeluded subjects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A, 801-812.
22. Keinan, G. (1987). Decision-making under stress. Scanning of alternatives under controllable and uncontrollable threats. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 639-644.
23. Khan, A. A., Jacobson, K. C., Gardner, C. O., Prescott, C. A., & Kendler, K. S. (2005). Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 190-196.
24. Kruglanski, A. W. (1989). Lay epistemics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational bases. New York: Plenum.
25. Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgment and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 473-493.
26. Linney, Y. M., Peters, E. R., & Ayton, P. (1998). Reasoning biases in delusion-prone individuals. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37, 285-302.
27. Maner, J. K., Richey, J. A., Cromer, K., Mallott, M., Lejuez, C. W., Joiner, T. E., et al. (2007). Dispositional anxiety and risk-avoidant decision-making. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(4), 665-675.
28. Matthews, G., & Deary, I. J. (2001). Personality traits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
29. McElroy, T., Seta, J., & Warring, D. (2007). Reflections of the self: How self-esteem determines decision framing and increases risk taking. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 20, 223-240.
30. Moritz, S., & Woodward, T. S. (2006). A generalised bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 142, 157-165.
31. Moritz, S., Woodward, T. S., & Lambert, M. (2007). Under what circumstances do patients with schizophrenia jump to conclusions? A liberal acceptance account. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 127-137. doi:10.1348/014466506X129862.
32. Pedrabissi, L., & Santinello, M. (1989). STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Forma Y: Manuale. Firenze: Organizzazioni Speciali.
33. Pèlissier, M. C., & O'Connor, K. P. (2002). Deductive and inductive reasoning in obsessive- compulsive disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(1), 15-27. doi:10.1348/ 014466502163769.
34. Peters, E., & Garety, P. (2006). Cognitive functioning in delusions: A longitudinal analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 481-514.
35. Peters, E., Joseph, S., Day, S., & Garety, P. (2004). Measuring delusional ideation: The 21-item Peters et al. Delusions inventory (PDI). Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30, 1005-1022.
36. Phillips, L. D., & Edwards, W. (1966). Conservatism in a simple probabilistic inference task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72, 346-354.
37. Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotion. In P. Shaver (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Emotions, relationships, and health (Vol. 5, pp. 11-34). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38. Shiloh, S., Koren, S., & Zarkay, D. (2001). Individual differences in compensatory decision-making style and need for closure as correlates of subjective decision complexity and difficulty. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 699-710.
39. Siever, L., & Davis, K. (1991). A psychobiologic perspective on the personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1647-1658.
40. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. E., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
41. Stanovich, K. E., Sà, W. C., & West, R. F. (2004). Individual differences in thinking, reasoning and decision-making. In J. P. Leighton & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The nature of reasoning (pp. 375-409). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726.
43. Tabachnick, B.G.,&Fidell, L. (2007). Usingmultivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
44. Tackett, J. L., & Krueger, R. F. (2005). A development approach to the personality- psychopathology relationship. In B. L. Hankin & J. R. Z. Abela (Eds.), Development of psychopathology (pp. 199-214). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
45. Volans, P. J. (1976). Styles of decision-making and probability appraisal in selected obsessional and phobic patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 305-317.
46. Warman, D. M., Lysaker, P. H., Martin, J. M., Davis, L., & Haudenschield, S. L. (2007). Jumping to conclusions and the continuum of delusional beliefs. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(6), 1255-1269.
47. Warman, D. M., & Martin, J. M. (2006). Jumping to conclusions and delusion-proneness: The impact of emotionally salient stimuli. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(10), 760-765.