Triglyceride-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome as contributors to cardiovascular risk in overweight patients

Obesity

Volumn 18, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1608-1613

  Marotta, Teodoro ^a   Russo, Barbara F ^b   Ferrara, L Aldo ^b  

^a Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ITALY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; WAIST HIP RATIO;

AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ITALY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OVERWEIGHT; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; TRIGLYCERIDES; WAIST-HIP RATIO;

EID: 77955058096     PISSN: 19307381     EISSN: 1930739X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.446     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Haslam DW, James WP. Obesity. Lancet 2005;366:1197-1209.
2. Nathan BM, Moran A. Metabolic complications of obesity in childhood and adolescence: more than just diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008;15:21-29.
3. Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Silventoinen K, Barengo N, Jousilahti P. Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women. Eur Heart J 2004;25:2212-2219.
4. Reaven G. All obese individuals are not created equal: insulin resistance is the major determinant of cardiovascular disease in overweight/obese individuals. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2005;2:105-112.
5. Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:403-414.
6. Executive summary of the third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285: 2486-2497.
7. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J; IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome-a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005;366:1059-1062.
8. Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC Jr, Cleeman JI, Kahn RA; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Diabetes Association; Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation 2004;109:551-556.
9. Anderwald C, Anderwald-Stadler M, Promintzer M et al. The Clamp-Like Index: a novel and highly sensitive insulin sensitivity index to calculate hyperinsulinemic clamp glucose infusion rates from oral glucose tolerance tests in nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2374-2380.
10. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Cheal K et al. Use of metabolic markers to identify overweight individuals who are insulin resistant. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:802-809.
11. Marotta T, Viola S, Ferrara F, Ferrara LA. Improvement of cardiovascular risk profile in an elderly population of low social level: the ICON (Improving Cardiovascular risk profile in Older Neapolitans) study. J Hum Hypertens 2007;21:76-85.
12. Frohlich J, Dobiáová M. Fractional esterification rate of cholesterol and ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol are powerful predictors of positive findings on coronary angiography. Clin Chem 2003;49:1873-1880.
13. European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology Guidelines Committee. 2003 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertension 2003;21:1011-1053.
14. Sundström J, Risérus U, Byberg L et al. Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study. BMJ 2006;332:878-882.
15. de Simone G, Devereux RB, Chinali M et al.; Strong Heart Study Investigators. Prognostic impact of metabolic syndrome by different definitions in a population with high prevalence of obesity and diabetes: the Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1851-1856.
16. Qiao Q; DECODE Study Group. Comparison of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome in relation to cardiovascular mortality in European men and women. Diabetologia 2006;49:2837-2846.
17. Monami M, Marchionni N, Masotti G, Mannucci E. IDF and ATP-III definitions of metabolic syndrome in the prediction of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9:350-353.
18. Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation 1991;83:356-362
19. SPSS for Windows.
20. Wijndaele K, Duvigneaud N, Matton L et al. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score in adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:421-429.
21. Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ. Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1811-1821.
22. McLaughlin T, Reaven G, Abbasi F et al. Is there a simple way to identify insulin-resistant individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Am J Cardiol 2005;96:399-404.
23. Dobiáová M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem 2001;34:583-588.
24. Tan MH, Loh KC, Dobiáová M, Frohlich JJ. Fractional esterification rate of HDL particles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Relation to coronary heart disease risk factors. Diabetes Care 1998;21:139-142.
25. Dobiáová M, Stribrna J, Pritchard PH, Frohlich JJ. Cholesterol esterification rate in plasma depleted of very low and low density lipoproteins is controlled by the proportion of HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses: study in hypertensive and normal middle-aged and septuagenarian men. J Lipid Res 1992;33: 1411-1418.
26. de Vries R, Borggreve SE, Dullaart R P. Role of lipases, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in abnormal high density lipoprotein metabolism in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Lab 2003;49:601-613.
27. Ohta T, Saku K, Takata K et al. Fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL) can predict the particle size of low density lipoprotein and HDL in patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 1997;135:205-212.
28. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-1592.
29. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Reaven G. Heterogeneity in the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese individuals: effect of differences in insulin sensitivity. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:642-648.
30. Assmann G, Guerra R, Fox G et al. Harmonizing the definition of the metabolic syndrome: comparison of the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation in United States American and European populations. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:541-548.
31. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S et al.; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet 2005;366:1640-1649.
32. Mancia G, Bombelli M, Corrao G et al. Metabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study: daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage, and prognosis. Hypertension 2007;49:40-47.
33. Wang J, Ruotsalainen S, Moilanen L et al. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular mortality: a 13-year follow-up study in elderly non-diabetic Finns. Eur Heart J 2007;28:857-864.
34. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005;365:1415-1428.
35. Sattar N, McConnachie A, Shaper AG et al. Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome data from two prospective studies. Lancet 2008;371:1927-1935.
36. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis, and classification of diabetes and its complications: Report of a WHO consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization: Geneva, 1999.
37. Balkau B, Charles MA. Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med 1999;16:442-443.
38. Cull CA, Jensen CC, Retnakaran R, Holman RR. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 78. Circulation 2007;116:2119-2126.
39. Petersen K F, Dufour S, Savage DB et al. The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:12587-12594.