Darwin, Schleiden, Whewell, and the "London Doctors": Evolutionism and microscopical research in the nineteenth century

Journal for General Philosophy of Science

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 61-84

  Charpa, Ulrich ^a  

^a Leo Baeck College   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Darwin; Evolutionism; Microscopy; Reliabilism; Schleiden; Whewell

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955054738     PISSN: 09254560     EISSN: 15728587     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10838-010-9118-9     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Apelt, E. F. (1854). Die Theorie der Induction. Leipzig: Engelmann.
2. Breidbach, O. (1999). Zur Anwendung der Friesschen Philosophie in der Botanik. In W. Hogrebe & K. Herrmann (Eds.), Jakob Friedrich Fries. Philosoph, Naturwissenschaftler und Mathematiker (pp. 221-242). Frankfurt: Lang.
3. Buchdahl, G. (1969). Metaphysics and the philosophy of science. The classical origins, Descartes to Kant. Oxford: Blackwell.
4. Buchdahl, G. (1970). History of science and criteria of choice. In R. H. Stuewer (Ed.), Historical and philosophical perspectives of science (Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science) (Vol. 5, pp. 204-229). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
5. Buchdahl, G. (1971[1991]). Inductivist versus deductivist approaches in the philosophy of science as illustrated by some controversies between Whewell and Mill. Monist, 55, 343-367. Reprinted from William Whewell: A composite portrait, pp. 311-344 by M. Fisch & S. Schaffer (Eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
6. Buchdahl, G. (1973/1989). Leitende Prinzipien und Induktion: Matthias Schleiden und die Methodologie der Botanik. In Charpa (1989), 315-345, rev. version of: Leading principles and induction: The methodology of Matthias Schleiden. In R. Giere & R. S. Westfall (Eds.), Foundations of scientific method: The nineteenth century (pp. 23-52). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
7. Buchdahl, G. (1992). Kant and the dynamics of reason: Essays on the structure of Kant's philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell.
8. Buchdahl, G., & Laudan, L. (Eds.). (1967). William Whewell. The historical and philosophical works (Vol. 10). London: Cass.
9. Cassirer, E. (1923 [1974]). Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit (Vol. 3), Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
10. Cassirer, E. (1957 [1973]). Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit (Vol. 4), Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
11. Charpa, U. (1988). Methodologie der Verzeitlichung: Schleiden. Whewell und das entwicklungsgeschichtliche Projekt. Philosophia Naturalis, 25, 75-109.
12. Charpa, U. (Ed.). (1989). Matthias Jakob Schleiden: Wissenschaftsphilosophische Schriften. Köln: Dinter.
13. Charpa, U. (1999). Schleidens Kritik an Hegel und Schelling. Abriss einer reliabilistischen Methodologie. In W. Hogrebe & K. Herrmann (Eds.), Jakob Friedrich Fries. Philosoph, Naturwissenschaftler und Mathematiker (pp. 255-281). Frankfurt: Lang.
14. Charpa, U. (2001). Wissen und Handeln. Grundzüge einer Forschungstheorie. Stuttgart: Metzler.
15. Charpa, U. (2003). Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881): The history of Jewish interest in science and the methodology of microscopic botany. Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism, 3, 213-245.
16. Charpa, U. (2005). Matthias Jakob Schleiden. In T. Bach & O. Breidbach (Eds.), Naturphilosophie nach Schelling (pp. 627-653), Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Fromann-Holzboog.
17. Charpa, U. (2008). On how Watson and Crick discovered what Watson and Crick had suggested: The 'folk' concept of discovery rediscovered. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 30, 7-30.
18. Charpa, U., & Deichmann, U. (2004). Vertrauensvorschuss und wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten. Eine reliabilistische Modellierung der Fälle Abderhalden, Goldschmidt, Moewus und Waldschmidt-Leitz. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 27, 187-204.
19. Charpa, U., & Deichmann, U. (2007). Jewish Scientists as geniuses and epigones-Scientific practices and attitudes towards them: Albert Einstein, Ferdinand Cohn, Richard Goldschmidt. Studia Rosenthaliana, 40, 12-55.
20. Curtis, R. C. (1987). Darwin as an epistemologist. Annals of Science, 44, 379-408.
21. Darden, L., & Maull, N. (1977). Interfield theories. Philosophy of Science, 44, 43-64.
22. Darwin, C. (1850?). Manuscript DAR 71, 38-42. Cambridge University Library.
23. Darwin, C. (1851). A monograph of the sub-class Cirrpedia, with figures of all the species. The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated Cirripedes. London: Ray Society.
24. Darwin, C. (1868). The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: Murray.
25. Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Vol. 2). London: Murray.
26. Darwin, F. (1887). The life and letters of Charles Darwin: Including an autobiographical chapter. London: Murray.
27. Deichmann, U. (2008). Challenging the protein dogma of the gene: Oswald T. Avery-a revolutionary conservative. In O. Oren Harman & M. Michael Dietrich (Eds.), Rebels of life: Iconoclastic biologists of the twentieth century (pp. 154-173). New Haven: Yale University Press.
28. Falk, R. (2007). Genetic analysis. In M. Mohan & C. Stevens (Eds.), Philosophy of biology (Vol. III, pp. 249-308). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
29. Fries, J. F. (1989). Handschriftliche Notiz zum Manuskript der Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik. In Charpa (1989, pp. 313-314).
30. Goldman, A. I. (1986). Epistemology and cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Griffith, J. W., & Henfrey, A. (1856). The micrographic dictionary. A guide to the examination of the structure and nature of microscopic objects. London: van Voorst.
32. Gruber, H. E. (1985). Going to the limit: Toward the construction of Darwin's theory (1832-1839). In D. Kohn (Ed.), The Darwinian heritage (pp. 9-34). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
33. Henfrey, A. (1847). Outlines of structural and physiological botany. London: van Voorst.
34. Henfrey, A. (1856). See above: Griffith & Henfrey (1856).
35. Henfrey, A. (1858a). Elementary introduction to the subject of vegetable physiology, part II. Journal of The Royal Agricultural Society of England, 18, 3-46.
36. Henfrey, A. (1858b). An elementary course of botany, structural, physiological, and systematic. London: van Voorst.
37. Hodge, J. (1977). The structure and strategy of Darwin's "Long Argument". British Journal for the History of Science, 10, 237-246.
38. Hodge, J. (2003). The notebook programmes and projects of Darwin's London years. In J. Hodge & G. Radick (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to Darwin (pp. 40-68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Jahn, I. (1991a). The influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries on Matthias Schleiden. In W. R. Woodward & R. S. Cohen (Eds.), World views and scientific discipline formation (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 134) (pp. 357-365), Dordrecht: Kluwer.
40. Jahn, I. (1991b). Die Rolle der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin im interdisziplinären Wissensaustausch des 19. Jahrhunderts. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Neue Reihe, 31, 3-13.
41. Jahn, I., & Schmidt, I. (2005). Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804-1881): Sein Leben in Selbstzeugnissen. (Acta Nova Leopoldina 44). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.
42. Jardine, N. (2003). Hermeneutic strategies in Gerd Buchdahl's Kantian philosophy of science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 34A, 183-208.
43. Junker, T. (1995). Zur Rezeption der Darwinschen Theorien bei deutschen Botanikern (1859-1880). In E. M. Engels (Ed.), Die Rezeption von Evolutionstheorien im 19. Jahrhundert (1859-1880) (pp. 147-181). Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
44. Kitcher, P. (1984). 1953 and all that: A tale of two sciences. Philosophical Review, 93, 335-373.
45. Lankester, E. (Ed.). (1846). Memorials of John Ray: Consisting of his life [...]. London: Ray Society.
46. Lankester, E. (1855). (Ed.) [W. MacGillivray] The natural history of Dee Side and Braemar. London: For private Circulation.
47. Lankester, E. (1860). Half-hours with microscope. Being a popular guide to the use of the microscope as a means of amusement and instruction. London: Allen.
48. Lankester, E. (1865). (Ed.) [W. B. Carpenter], Vegetable physiology and systematic botany. London: Bell and Daldy.
49. Lankester, E. (1872). Practical physiology: Being a school manual of health for the use of classes and general reading. London: Hardwicke.
50. Marx, J. (1974). L'art d'observer au XVIIIe siécle: Jean Senebier et Charles Bonnet. Janus, 6, 1201-1220.
51. Mylott, A. (1997). Cells, life force, and reductionism in the botany of Matthias Jacob Schleiden. In R. Dodel, et al. (Eds.), Ideengeschichte und Wissenschaftsphilosophie (pp. 183-196). Köln: Dinter.
52. Mylott, A. (2002). The roots of cell theory in sap, spores, and Schleiden. Diss. Thesis. Indiana University.
53. Nagel, E. (1961). The structure of science. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
54. Oliver, F. W. (Ed.). (1913). Makers of British botany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
55. Orel, V. (1979). The teaching of M. J. Schleiden and its possible influence on G. Mendel. Janus, 55, 33-47.
56. Porter, R. (2001). London. A social history. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
57. Prichard, J. C. (1855). The natural history of man: Comprising inquiries into the modifying influence of physical and moral agencies on the different tribes of the humans family (4th ed.). London: Baillière.
58. Richards, R. J. (2002). The romantic conception of life: Science and philosophy in the age of Goethe. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
59. Roget, P. M. (1840). Animal and vegetable physics: Considered with reference to natural theology. London: Pickering.
60. Ruse, M. (1975). Darwin's debt to philosophy: An examination of the influence of the philosophical ideas of John F. W. Herschel and William Whewell on the development of Darwin's theory. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 6, 159-181.
61. Ruse, M. (2000). Darwin and the philosophers: Epistemological factors in the development and reception of the theory of the origin of species. In R. Creath & J. Maienschein (Eds.), Biology and epistemology (pp. 3-26). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
62. Schaffner, K. (1993). Discovery and explanation in biology and medicine. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
63. Schleiden, M. J. (1842). Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik nebst einer methodologischen Einleitung als Anleitung zum Studium der Pflanze. Part 1. Leipzig: Engelmann.
64. Schleiden, M. J. (1843 [1844]). Schelling's und Hegel's Verhältnis zur Naturwissenschaft. Neue Jenaische Literaturzeitung (pp. 197-264). May 1843, separate edition. Leipzig: Engelmann. Reprinted in Charpa (1989).
65. Schleiden, M. J. (1847). Einige Blicke auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte des vegetablischen Organismus bei den Phanerogamen. Wiegmann's Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 3, 289-320.
66. Schleiden, M. J. (1848a). Die Pflanze und ihr Leben. Populäre Vorträge. Leipzig: Engelmann.
67. Schleiden, M. J. (1848b). The plant: A biography (trans: A. Henfrey). London: Baillière.
68. Schleiden, M. J. (1849). Principles of scientific botany; Or, botany as an inductive science (trans E. Lankester). London: Hardwicke.
69. Schleiden, M. J. (1860). Ueber die Einheit des Menschengeschlechts. Westermann's Jahrbuch der Illustrirten Deutschen Montshefte (Vol. 8, pp. 68-83). Braunschweig: Westermann.
70. Schleiden, M. J. (1863). Das Alter des Menschengeschlechts, die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur. Leipzig: Engelmann.
71. Schleiden, M. J. (1865). Das Meer. Berlin: A. Sacco Nachfolger.
72. Schleiden, M. J. (1869). Ueber den Darwinismus und die damit zusamenhängenden Lehren. Unsere Zeit. Deutsche Revue der Gegenwart (Neue Folge), 5, 50-71.
73. Schleiden, M. (1989). See Charpa (1989).
74. Scholz, M. (2003). Matthias Jacob Schleiden in Tartu (Dorpat) 1863-1864. Essen: Blaue Eule.
75. Schweber, S. (1985). The wider British context in Darwin's theorizing. In D. Kohn (Ed.), The Darwinian heritage (pp. 35-69). Princeton: Princeton University Press and Nova Pacifica.
76. Thagard, P. (1997). Collaborative knowledge. Noûs, 31, 242-261.
77. Uschmann, G. (1954). Ernst Haeckel-Forscher, Künstler, Mensch. Briefe (3rd ed.). Jena/Berlin: Urania.
78. Whewell, W. (1837). History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time (Vol. 3). London: Parker.
79. Whewell, W. (1840). Geschichte der inductiven Wissenschaften (Vol. 3) (trans J. J. von Littrow). Stuttgart: Hoffmann.
80. Whewell, W. (1967). See Buchdahl & Laudan (1967).