Acute toxicology

Toxicological Testing Handbook: Principles, Applications and Data Interpretation

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 135-147

  Rauckman, Elmer J ^a   Soiefer, Andrew I ^b  

^a Toxicology and Regulatory Affairs   (United States)

^b North Jersey Toxicology Associates LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955049812     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (23)

1. Health effects test guidelines, OTS, 870.1100 & 870.1300; OECD Guideline 401 (deleted), 420, 423, 425, and 434 (draft).
2. Health Effects Test Guidelines, OTS, 870.1200; OECD Guideline 402.
3. National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Center for Research Resources, Bethesda MD, Report No.: ISBN-0-309-05377-3, 1996: 141 pages.
4. Botham P. Acute systemic toxicity. ILAR J 2002; 43:S27-S30.
5. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Guideline 420: Acute Oral Toxicity -Fixed Dose Method, Adopted:1992; update of 17 December 2001.
6. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Guideline 423: Acute Oral Toxicity-Acute Toxic Class Method, Adopted:1996, update of 17 December 2001.
7. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. OECD Guideline 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure, Approved:2001; update of 17 December 2001.
8. EPA Harmonized Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS, 870.1100 August 1999.
9. Lipnick RL, Cotruvo JA, Hill RN, et al. Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures. Food Chem Toxicol 1995; 33:223-231.
10. OECD Environment, Health, and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No. 24, Guidance Document on Acute Oral Toxicity Testing (2001).
11. Schlede E, Genschow E, Spielmann H, Stropp G, Kayser D. Oral acute toxic class method: a successful alternative to the oral LD50 test. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 42:15-23.
12. Holzhutter H-G, Genschow E, Diener W, Schlede E. Dermal and inhalation acute toxicity class methods: Test procedures and biometric evaluations for the globally harmonized classification system. Arch Toxicol 2002; 77:243-254.
13. U.S. EPA, Health Effects Test Guideline, OPPTS. 1998: 780.1200.
14. OECD Environment, Health, and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No. 19, Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals used in Safety Evaluation (November 1999).
15. Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS, 870.2400; OECD Guideline 405.
16. Draize JH, Woodward G, Calvery HO. Methods forthe study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1944; 82:377.
17. Kay JH, Calandra JC. Interpretation of Eye Irritation Tests. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1962; 13:281.
18. Griffith JF, Nixon GA, Bruce RD, Reer PJ, Bannan EA. Dose-response studies with chemical irritants in the albino rabbit eye as a basis for selecting optimum testing conditions for predicting hazard to the human eye. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1980; 55:501.
19. Freeberg FE, Hooker DT, Griffith JF. Correlation of animal eye test data with human experience for household products: an update. J Toxicol Cut Ocul Toxicol 1986; 5:115.
20. Bruner LH, Parker RD, Bruce RD. Reducing the number of rabbits in the low-volume eye test. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992; 19:330.
21. The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods. Background Review Document (BRD) "Current Status of In Vitro Test Methods for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants: (1) The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test; (2) the Hen's Egg Test-Chorion Allantoic Membrane (HET-CAM); (3) the Isolated Rabbit Eye (IRE) test; and (4) the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test. Notice of availability: Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 212, pp 64081-64082, November 1, 2004. Documents located on the ICCVAM website: iccvam.niehs.nih.gov.
22. Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS, 870.2500, 1998; OECD Guideline 2002:404.
23. Draize JH, Dermal toxicity. Assoc. Food and Drug Officials, U.S. Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, Texas State Dept. of Health, Austin, Texas 1959: 46-59.