The prevalence and drug sensitivity of tuberculosis among patients dying in hospital in kwazulu-natal, South Africa: A postmortem study

PLoS Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2010, Pages

  Cohen, Ted ^a,b   Murray, Megan ^a,b,c   Wallengren, Kristina ^b   Alvarez, Gonzalo G ^d   Samuel, Elizabeth Y ^e   Wilson, Douglas ^f  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^e INKOSI ALBERT LUTHULI CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (South Africa)

^f UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISONIAZID; RIFAMPICIN; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BRONCHUS SECRETION; DEATH; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NEEDLE BIOPSY; PREVALENCE; SOUTH AFRICA; TUBERCULOSIS; AIDS RELATED COMPLEX; HOSPITAL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; VIROLOGY;

ADULT; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; AUTOPSY; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; FEMALE; HIV; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; ISONIAZID; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE; RIFAMPIN; SOUTH AFRICA; TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955032894     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000296     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. UNAIDS/WHO Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS, 2008 Update. Available: http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_ZA.pdf.
2. World Health Organization (2009) Global tuberculosis control epidemiology, strategy, financing. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.411).
3. Colebunders R, Bastian I (2000) A review of the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 4: 97-107.
4. Harries AD, Maher D, Nunn P (1998) An approach to the problems of diagnosing and treating adult smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in high- HIV-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ 76: 651-662.
5. Abdool Karim SS, Churchyard GJ, Abdool Karim Q, Lawn SL (2009) HIV infection and tuberculosis in South Africa: an urgent need to escalate the public health response. Lancet 374: 921-933.
6. Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, et al. (2006) Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet 368: 1575-1580.
7. Statistics South Africa (2009) Mortality and causes of death in South Africa 2007: finding from death notification. Available: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/statsdownload.asp?PPN=P0309.3&SCH=4507.
8. South African Institute of Race Relations. South Africa Survey 2008/2009. Press Report available online http://www.sairr.org.za/press-office/press-releases/027-2009-survey-12-press-release-12-11-2009.pdf. accessed Dec 12, 2009.
9. Alvarez GG, Thembela BL, Muller FJ, Clinch J, Singhal N, Cameron DW (2004) Tuberculosis at Edendale Hospital in Pietermaritzburg, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8: 1472-1478.
10. The Italian Cooperation in South Africa, Demographic and Health Indicators KwaZulu-Natal. Public document available online http://italcoop.co.za/PublicDocuments/Demographic_Health_Statisticaldata_KW_EC_-SA%20_EN.pdf (Accessed 01 March 2010).
11. National Department of Health, South Africa (2007) The national HIV and syphilis survey, South Africa. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2007/hiv/part1.pdf (Accessed 01 March 2010).
12. Le Couer S, Halembokaka G, Khlat M, Brouard N, Purhuence F, et al. (2005) Impact of AIDS on adult mortality: a morgue-based study in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo. AIDS 19: 1683-1687.
13. Webber LM, Swanevelder C, Grabow WO, Fourie P (2000) Evaluation of a rapid test for HIV antibodies in saliva and blood. SA Med 90: 1004-1007.
14. Zehner R, Bratzke H, Mebs D (1995) Evaluation of a rapid assay system, HIV 1/HIV 2 Testpack, Abbott, to detect human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in postmortem blood. J Forensic Sci 40: 113-115.
15. Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister L, eds (1989). Gray's Anatomy, thirty seventh edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
16. Guerra I, Ortiz E, Portu J, Atares B, Aldamiz-Etxebarria M, et al. (2001) Value of limited necropsy in HIV-positive patients. Pathol Res Pract 197: 165-168.
17. Satyanarayana S, Kalghatgi AT, Malaviya AK, Bhardwaj JR, Muralidhar A, et al. (2003) Needle necropsy in AIDS. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 46: 416-419.
18. Gutierrez EB, Zanetta DM, Saldiva PH, Capelozzi VL (2002) Autopsy-proven determinants of death in HIV-infected patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pathol Res Pract 198: 339-346.
19. Hanna BA (2004) Laboratory diagnosis. In: Tuberculosis (2nd Edition) Rom WN, Garay SM, eds. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
20. Kent PT, Kubica GP (1985) Public Health Mycobacteriology. A Guide For the Level III Laboratory. Atlanta, U.S department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC.
21. Isenberg HD (2004) Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, vol(1) Chapter 5.13.1. Washington DC: ASM Press.
22. Rana FS, Hawken MP, Mwachari C, Bhatt SM, Abdullah F, et al. (2000) Autopsy study of HIV-1-positive and HIV-1-negative adult medical patients in Nairobi, Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 24: 23-29.
23. Echejoh GO, Mandong BM, Tanko MN, Manasseh AN, Okeke EN, et al. (2006) Hepatic histopathological findings in HIV patients at postmortem in Jos university teaching hospital, Nigeria. Tropical doctor 36: 228-231.
24. Ansari NA, Kombe AH, Kenyon TA, Hone NM, Tappero JW, et al. (2002) Pathology and causes of death in a group of 128 predominantly HIV-positive patients in Botswana, 1997-1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 6: 55-63.
25. Martinson NA, Karstaedt A, Venter F, Omar T, King P, et al. (2007) Causes of death in hospitalized adults with a premortem diagnosis of tuberculosis: an autopsy study. AIDS 21: 2043-2050.
26. Chideya S, Winston CA, Peloquin CA, Bradford WZ, Hopewell PC, et al. (2009) Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide pharmacokinetics and treatment outcomes among a predominantly HIV-infected cohort of adults with tuberculosis from Botswana. Clin Infect Dis 48: 1685-1694.
27. Bwire R, Borgdorff MW, Sticht-Groh V, Rieder HL, Kawuma HJ, et al. (1999) Tuberculosis chemotherapy and sputum conversion among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients in south-eastern Uganda. East Afr Med J 76: 307-313.
28. Meintjes G, Schoeman H, Morroni C,Wilson D, Maartens G (2008) Patient and provider delay in tuberculosis suspects from communities with a high HIV prevalence in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 25: 8-72.
29. Millen SJ, Uys PW, Hargrove J, van Heerden PD, Williams BJ (2008) The effect of diagnostic delays on the drop-out rate and the total delay to diagnosis of tuberculosis. PLoS ONE 3: e1933.
30. Cain KP, McCarthy KD, Heilig CM, Monkongdee P, et al. (2010) An algorithm for tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in people with HIV. N Eng J Med 362: 707-16.
31. Hirao S, Yassin MA, Khamofu HG, Lawson L, Cambanis A, et al. (2007) Sameday smears in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1459-1463.
32. Steingart KR, Ng V, Henry M, Hopewell PC, Ramsay A, et al. (2006) Sputum processing methods to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic review. Lancet Infectious Diseases 6: 664-674.
33. Marais BJ, Brittle W, Painczyk K, Hesseling AC, Beyers N, et al. (2008) Use of light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy to detect acid-fast bacilli in sputum. Clin Infect Dis 47: 203-207.
34. Lawn SD, Kranzer K, Wood R (2009) Antiretroviral therapy for control of the HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic in resource-limited settings. Clin Chest Med 30: 685-99.
35. Pai M, Kalantri S, Dheda K (2006) New tools and emerging technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: part II. Active tuberculosis and drug resistance. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6: 423-432.
36. Mäkinen j, Marttila HJ, Marjamäki M, Viljanen MK, Soini H (2006) Comparison of two commercially available DNA line probe assays for detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 44: 350-352.
37. Barnard M, Albert H, Coetzee G, O'Brien R, Bosman ME (2008) Rapid molecular screening for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-volume public health laboratory in South Africa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177: 787-792.