메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 323-343

Besieged palaeonegritics or innovative farmers: Historical political ecology of intensive and terraced agriculture in West Africa and Sudan

Author keywords

Agricultural terracing; Landesque capital; Paleonegritics; Political ecology; West Africa

Indexed keywords


EID: 77955030972     PISSN: 00020184     EISSN: 14692872     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00020184.2010.499204     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 34547883077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Islands Expand: Intensification and Sustainability
    • M. Widgren and J. Sutton (eds),Oxford: James Currey
    • Adams, W.M. 2004. 'When Islands Expand: Intensification and Sustainability', in M. Widgren and J. Sutton (eds), Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa. Oxford: James Currey.
    • (2004) Islands of Intensive Agriculture In Eastern Africa
    • Adams, W.M.1
  • 2
    • 3543074159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing Ethno-pedology: Integrated Approaches to Kanuri and Shuwa Arab Definitions in the Kala-Balge Region, Northeast Nigeria
    • Adderley, W.P., Simpson, I.A., Kirscht, H., Adam, M., Spencer, J.Q. and Sanderson, D.C.W. 2004. 'Enhancing Ethno-pedology: Integrated Approaches to Kanuri and Shuwa Arab Definitions in the Kala-Balge Region, Northeast Nigeria'. Catena 58:41-64.
    • (2004) Catena , vol.58 , pp. 41-64
    • Adderley, W.P.1    Simpson, I.A.2    Kirscht, H.3    Adam, M.4    Spencer, J.Q.5    Sanderson, D.C.W.6
  • 3
    • 18044388900 scopus 로고
    • Land Use History of Jebel Marra, Sudan, as Related to the Present Distribution of Woody Vegetation
    • Ahmed, A.A. 1982. 'Land Use History of Jebel Marra, Sudan, as Related to the Present Distribution of Woody Vegetation'. Geojournal 6:5-15.
    • (1982) Geojournal , vol.6 , pp. 5-15
    • Ahmed, A.A.1
  • 4
    • 0024191636 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, Soil, and Land-use Changes in Jebel Marra and Other Mountains in the Republic of the Sudan
    • Ahmed, A.A. 1988. 'Vegetation, Soil, and Land-use Changes in Jebel Marra and Other Mountains in the Republic of the Sudan'. Mountain Research and Development 8:235-41.
    • (1988) Mountain Research and Development , vol.8 , pp. 235-241
    • Ahmed, A.A.1
  • 5
    • 77955032271 scopus 로고
    • Bauern und Handwerker in Sud-Äthiopien. Eine Neuinterpretation
    • Amborn, H. 1988. 'Bauern und Handwerker in Sud-Äthiopien. Eine Neuinterpretation'. Paideuma 34:31-48.
    • (1988) Paideuma , vol.34 , pp. 31-48
    • Amborn, H.1
  • 9
    • 0041539004 scopus 로고
    • Nuba Agriculture and Ethnobotany, with Particular Reference to Sesame and Sorghum
    • Bedigian, D. and Harlan, J. 1983. 'Nuba Agriculture and Ethnobotany, with Particular Reference to Sesame and Sorghum'. Economic Botany 37:384-95.
    • (1983) Economic Botany , vol.37 , pp. 384-395
    • Bedigian, D.1    Harlan, J.2
  • 10
    • 0042539778 scopus 로고
    • Slave Raiders and "Their People without History"
    • J. Abbink, E.R. Wolf and H. Vermeulen (eds), Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis
    • Beek, W.E.A. van. 1992. 'Slave Raiders and "Their People without History"', in J. Abbink, E.R. Wolf and H. Vermeulen (eds), History and Culture: Essays on the Work of Eric R. Wolf. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
    • (1992) History and Culture: Essays On the Work of Eric R. Wolf
    • van Beek, W.E.A.1
  • 12
    • 77955022879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Making of an Environment: Ecological History of the Kapsiki/Higi of North Cameroon and North-Eastern Nigeria
    • in Q. Gausset, M. Whyte and T. Birch-Thomsen (eds), Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
    • Beek, W.E.A. van and Avontuur, S. 2005. 'The Making of an Environment: Ecological History of the Kapsiki/Higi of North Cameroon and North-Eastern Nigeria', in Q. Gausset, M. Whyte and T. Birch-Thomsen (eds), Beyond Territory and Scarcity: Exploring Conflicts over Natural Resource Management. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, pp. 70-89.
    • (2005) Beyond Territory and Scarcity: Exploring Conflicts Over Natural Resource Management , pp. 70-89
    • van Beek, W.E.A.1    Avontuur, S.2
  • 15
    • 77955014791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Guinée', in H.C. Brookfield, H. Parsons and M. Brookfield (eds), Tokyo: United Nations University Press
    • Boiro, I., Barry, A.K. and Diallo, A. 2003. 'Guinée', in H.C. Brookfield, H. Parsons and M. Brookfield (eds), Agrodiversity Learning from Farmers Across the World, Tokyo: United Nations University Press, pp. 110-3.
    • (2003) Agrodiversity Learning From Farmers Across the World , pp. 110-113
    • Boiro, I.1    Barry, A.K.2    Diallo, A.3
  • 17
    • 34547905410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boserup Backwards? Agricultural Intensification as "its own Driving Force" in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania
    • Borjeson, L. 2007. 'Boserup Backwards? Agricultural Intensification as "its own Driving Force" in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania'. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89:203-17.
    • (2007) Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography , vol.89 , pp. 203-217
    • Borjeson, L.1
  • 19
    • 0021560210 scopus 로고
    • Social and Economic Change and the Intensity of Land Use in the Mandara Mountains of North Cameroon
    • Campbell, D.J. and Riddell, J.C. 1984. 'Social and Economic Change and the Intensity of Land Use in the Mandara Mountains of North Cameroon'. Tijdschrift voor Econ. en Soc.Geografie 75:335-43.
    • (1984) Tijdschrift Voor Econ. En Soc.Geografie , vol.75 , pp. 335-343
    • Campbell, D.J.1    Riddell, J.C.2
  • 20
    • 61549111752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Irrigation System of the Pokot, Northwest Kenya
    • Davies, M. 2008. 'The Irrigation System of the Pokot, Northwest Kenya'. Azania 43:50-76.
    • (2008) Azania , vol.43 , pp. 50-76
    • Davies, M.1
  • 21
    • 61549140319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wittfogel's Dilemma: Heterarchy and Ethnographic Approaches to Irrigation Management in Eastern Africa and Mesopotamia
    • Davies, M. 2009a. 'Wittfogel's Dilemma: Heterarchy and Ethnographic Approaches to Irrigation Management in Eastern Africa and Mesopotamia'. World Archaeology 41(1):16-35.
    • (2009) World Archaeology , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-35
    • Davies, M.1
  • 25
    • 0001747331 scopus 로고
    • Ackerbau und Viezucht bei Altnigritiern und Fulbe des ObervoltaGebietes
    • Dittmer, K. 1958. 'Ackerbau und Viezucht bei Altnigritiern und Fulbe des ObervoltaGebietes'. Paideuma 67:429-62.
    • (1958) Paideuma , vol.67 , pp. 429-462
    • Dittmer, K.1
  • 26
    • 0005636509 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Colonialism on a Nigerian Hill-Farming Society - A Case-Study of Innovation Among The Eggon
    • Dorward, D. 1987. 'The Impact of Colonialism on a Nigerian Hill-Farming Society - A Case-Study of Innovation Among The Eggon'. International Journal of African Historical Studies 20:201-4.
    • (1987) International Journal of African Historical Studies , vol.20 , pp. 201-204
    • Dorward, D.1
  • 27
    • 84964249664 scopus 로고
    • Paysan montagnards du Dahomey at du Cameroun. Les vrais paysan noirs
    • Dresch, J. 1952. 'Paysan montagnards du Dahomey at du Cameroun. Les vrais paysan noirs'. Bulletin déAssociation de géographes francais 222/3:1-9.
    • (1952) Bulletin DéAssociation De Géographes Francais , vol.222 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-9
    • Dresch, J.1
  • 28
    • 0039736002 scopus 로고
    • Soldiers, Traders, and Slaves: State Formation and Economic Transform- ation in the Greater Nile Valley, 1700-1885
    • Wis: University of Wisconsin Press
    • Ewald, J. 1990. Soldiers, Traders, and Slaves: State Formation and Economic Transform- ation in the Greater Nile Valley, 1700-1885. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
    • (1990) Madison
    • Ewald, J.1
  • 29
    • 77955028019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazonian Dark Earths in Africa?
    • in W. Woods (ed), Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Fairhead, J. 2008. 'Amazonian Dark Earths in Africa?' in W. Woods (ed), Terra Preta Nova: A Tribute to Wim Sombroek. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
    • (2008) Terra Preta Nova: A Tribute to Wim Sombroek
    • Fairhead, J.1
  • 30
    • 7744239270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local Knowledge and the Social Shaping of Soil Investments: Critical Perspectives on the Assessment of Soil Degradation in Africa
    • Fairhead, J. and Scoones, I. 2005. 'Local Knowledge and the Social Shaping of Soil Investments: Critical Perspectives on the Assessment of Soil Degradation in Africa'. Land Use Policy 22:33-41.
    • (2005) Land Use Policy , vol.22 , pp. 33-41
    • Fairhead, J.1    Scoones, I.2
  • 31
    • 77955042769 scopus 로고
    • Terrace Agriculture in Eastern Nigeria: The Case of Maku
    • Floyd, B. 1964. 'Terrace Agriculture in Eastern Nigeria: The Case of Maku'. Nigerian Geographical Journal 7:91-108.
    • (1964) Nigerian Geographical Journal , vol.7 , pp. 91-108
    • Floyd, B.1
  • 32
    • 77955039942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional Distribution of Terrace Farming on Different Scales: West Africa - Burkina Faso - Nigeria'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8
    • Fricke, W. 1996a. 'Regional Distribution of Terrace Farming on Different Scales: West Africa - Burkina Faso - Nigeria'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8. Frankfurt AM, pp. 87-91.
    • (1996) Frankfurt AM , pp. 87-91
    • Fricke, W.1
  • 33
    • 77955048253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Example of the Nigerian Savanna'. Berichte des Sonder- forschungsbereichs 268, 8
    • Fricke, W. 1996b. 'The Example of the Nigerian Savanna'. Berichte des Sonder- forschungsbereichs 268, 8. Frankfurt AM, pp. 95-100.
    • (1996) Frankfurt AM , pp. 95-100
    • Fricke, W.1
  • 35
    • 0011959372 scopus 로고
    • Semi-arid Cereal and Grazing Systems of West Africa
    • in C.J. Pearson (ed), Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Fussel, L.K. 1992. 'Semi-arid Cereal and Grazing Systems of West Africa', in C.J. Pearson (ed), Field Crop Ecosystems, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 485-518.
    • (1992) Field Crop Ecosystems , pp. 485-518
    • Fussel, L.K.1
  • 36
    • 77955034210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facettes of Terrace-building in the Culture of the Pero, Longuda and Tula People in North-Eastern Nigeria'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8
    • Gebauer, T. 1996. 'Facettes of Terrace-building in the Culture of the Pero, Longuda and Tula People in North-Eastern Nigeria'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8. Frankfurt AM, pp. 125-7.
    • (1996) Frankfurt AM , pp. 125-127
    • Gebauer, T.1
  • 37
    • 77955039036 scopus 로고
    • Gourou, L'Afrique tropical, nain ou géant agricole? Paris: Flammarion
    • Gourou, P. 1991. L'Afrique tropical, nain ou géant agricole? Paris: Flammarion.
    • (1991) P
  • 38
    • 84958365059 scopus 로고
    • Agricultural Terracing South of the Sahara
    • Grove, A.T. and Sutton, J.E.G. 1989. 'Agricultural Terracing South of the Sahara'. Azania 24:114-22.
    • (1989) Azania , vol.24 , pp. 114-122
    • Grove, A.T.1    Sutton, J.E.G.2
  • 39
    • 77955035444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnological Approach of Terrace Farming'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8
    • Hahn, H.P. 1996. 'Ethnological Approach of Terrace Farming'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8. Frankfurt AM, pp. 93-4.
    • (1996) Frankfurt AM , pp. 93-94
    • Hahn, H.P.1
  • 40
    • 33846478409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrassenfeldbau bei den Ost-Kassena in Burkina Faso
    • Hahn, H.P. 1997. 'Terrassenfeldbau bei den Ost-Kassena in Burkina Faso'. Sociologus 47:1-23.
    • (1997) Sociologus , vol.47 , pp. 1-23
    • Hahn, H.P.1
  • 41
    • 77955036949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La culture en terrasses chez les Kassena du Burkina Faso: Une étude de cas
    • G. Renard (ed), Weikersheim: Margraf
    • Hahn, H.P. 1998. 'La culture en terrasses chez les Kassena du Burkina Faso: une étude de cas', in G. Renard (ed), Soil Fertility Management in West African Land Use Systems, Weikersheim: Margraf, pp. 475-80.
    • (1998) Soil Fertility Management In West African Land Use Systems , pp. 475-480
    • Hahn, H.P.1
  • 42
    • 0034354543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raumkonzepte bei den Kassena (Burkina Faso)
    • Hahn, H.P. 2000. 'Raumkonzepte bei den Kassena (Burkina Faso)'. Anthropos 95:129-48.
    • (2000) Anthropos , vol.95 , pp. 129-148
    • Hahn, H.P.1
  • 43
    • 13444304381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Human Ecology of the Ivory Trade
    • Håkansson, N.T. 2004. 'The Human Ecology of the Ivory Trade'. Human Ecology 32:561-91.
    • (2004) Human Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 561-591
    • Håkansson, N.T.1
  • 44
    • 34547860515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labour and Landscapes: The Political Economy of Landesque Capital in 19th century Tanganyika
    • Håkansson, N.T. and Widgren, M. 2007. 'Labour and Landscapes: The Political Economy of Landesque Capital in 19th century Tanganyika'. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89:233-48.
    • (2007) Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography , vol.89 , pp. 233-248
    • Håkansson, N.T.1    Widgren, M.2
  • 49
    • 24744456019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geoecological Arguments for Field Terracing in Parts of the Southern Gongola Basin, Tangale-Waja Region, NE-Nigeria'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8
    • Heinrich, J. 1996. 'Geoecological Arguments for Field Terracing in Parts of the Southern Gongola Basin, Tangale-Waja Region, NE-Nigeria'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8. Frankfurt AM, pp. 101-11.
    • (1996) Frankfurt AM , pp. 101-111
    • Heinrich, J.1
  • 50
    • 0035079324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Slave Trade and Decentralized Societies
    • Klein, M.A. 2001. 'The Slave Trade and Decentralized Societies'. Journal of African History 42:49-65.
    • (2001) Journal of African History , vol.42 , pp. 49-65
    • Klein, M.A.1
  • 51
    • 77955044800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Terraces" and "Terraced Farms" in the Languages of the Tangale-Waja Uplands'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8
    • Kleinewillinghofer, U. 1996. '"Terraces" and "Terraced Farms" in the Languages of the Tangale-Waja Uplands'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, 8. Frankfurt A.M, pp. 113-23.
    • (1996) Frankfurt A.M , pp. 113-123
    • Kleinewillinghofer, U.1
  • 52
    • 0024192812 scopus 로고
    • Die bedeutung des Bewasserungsfeldbaus fur die Subsistenzsicherung bei den Dogon Republik Mali
    • Krings, T. 1988. 'Die bedeutung des Bewasserungsfeldbaus fur die Subsistenzsicherung bei den Dogon Republik Mali'. Die Erde 119:185-92.
    • (1988) Die Erde , vol.119 , pp. 185-192
    • Krings, T.1
  • 53
    • 77955043872 scopus 로고
    • Land Use Mapping in Sudan
    • Lebon, J.H.G. 1959. 'Land Use Mapping in Sudan'. Economic Geography 35:60-70.
    • (1959) Economic Geography , vol.35 , pp. 60-70
    • Lebon, J.H.G.1
  • 54
  • 56
    • 84972482824 scopus 로고
    • Selling the Iron for their Shackles, Wandala-montagnard Interactions in Northern Cameroon
    • MacEachern, A.S. 1993. 'Selling the Iron for their Shackles, Wandala-montagnard Interactions in Northern Cameroon'. Journal of African History 34:247-70.
    • (1993) Journal of African History , vol.34 , pp. 247-270
    • Maceachern, A.S.1
  • 57
    • 33746072951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Formation and Enslavement in Northern Cameroon and Northeastern Nigeria
    • in C. DeCorse (ed), Leicester: Leicester University Press
    • MacEachern, A.S. 2001. 'State Formation and Enslavement in Northern Cameroon and Northeastern Nigeria', in C. DeCorse (ed), West Africa During the Slave Trade: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives. Leicester: Leicester University Press, pp. 131-51.
    • (2001) West Africa During the Slave Trade: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives , pp. 131-151
    • Maceachern, A.S.1
  • 58
    • 0345866084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic publication: Mandaras publishing. Based on PhD thesis, University of Calgary, 1990, accessed 21 December 2009
    • MacEachern, A.S. 2003. 'Du Kunde: Processes of Montagnard Ethnogenesis in the North- ern Mandara Mountains of Cameroon'. Electronic publication: Mandaras publishing. Based on PhD thesis, University of Calgary, 1990, see http://www.mandaras.info/MandarasPublishing/MacEachern_DuKunde_PhD.pdf, accessed 21 December 2009.
    • (2003) Du Kunde: Processes of Montagnard Ethnogenesis In the North- Ern Mandara Mountains of Cameroon
    • Maceachern, A.S.1
  • 59
    • 77955032799 scopus 로고
    • From Marateng to Marakwet: Islands of Agricultural Intensification in Eastern and Southern Africa
    • Harare: University of Zimbabwe and National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe
    • Maggs, T. 1995. 'From Marateng to Marakwet: Islands of Agricultural Intensification in Eastern and Southern Africa'. Abstracts for 10th Congress of the Pan African Association for Prehistory'. Harare: University of Zimbabwe and National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe.
    • (1995) Abstracts For 10th Congress of The Pan African Association For Prehistory
    • Maggs, T.1
  • 60
    • 77955014088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mpumalanga Escarpment Settlements: Some Answers, Many Questions
    • Swanepoel et al. (eds)
    • Maggs, T. 2008. 'The Mpumalanga Escarpment Settlements: Some Answers, Many Questions', in Swanepoel et al. (eds), Five Hundred Years Rediscovered, pp. 169-81.
    • (2008) Five Hundred Years Rediscovered , pp. 169-181
    • Maggs, T.1
  • 62
    • 0005813995 scopus 로고
    • Acacia Albida and Other Multipurpose Trees on the Fur Farmlands in the Jebel Marra Highlands, Western Darfur, Sudan
    • Miehe, S. 1986. 'Acacia Albida and Other Multipurpose Trees on the Fur Farmlands in the Jebel Marra Highlands, Western Darfur, Sudan'. Agroforestry Systems 4:89-119.
    • (1986) Agroforestry Systems , vol.4 , pp. 89-119
    • Miehe, S.1
  • 63
    • 84954214483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dughwe in NE-Nigeria. Montagnards Interacting with the Seasons'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereiches 268, 8
    • Muller-Kosack, G. 1996. 'The Dughwe in NE-Nigeria. Montagnards Interacting with the Seasons'. Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereiches 268, 8. Frankfurt AM, pp. 137-70.
    • (1996) Frankfurt AM , pp. 137-170
    • Muller-Kosack, G.1
  • 68
    • 77955038230 scopus 로고
    • Les Dogon. 1 éd
    • Presses univ. de France
    • Palau Marti, M. 1957. Les Dogon. 1 éd. Paris: Presses univ. de France.
    • (1957) Paris
    • Palau Marti, M.1
  • 70
    • 0027330766 scopus 로고
    • Ring Management of Soils and Crops in the West African SemiArid Tropics: The Case of the Mossi Farming System in Burkina Faso
    • Prudencio, C.Y. 1993. 'Ring Management of Soils and Crops in the West African SemiArid Tropics: The Case of the Mossi Farming System in Burkina Faso'. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 47:237-64.
    • (1993) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.47 , pp. 237-264
    • Prudencio, C.Y.1
  • 71
    • 84964249446 scopus 로고
    • Techniques agraires et instruments aratoires au sud du Sahara
    • Raulin, H. 1984. 'Techniques agraires et instruments aratoires au sud du Sahara'. Cahiers ORSTOM Série Sciences Humaines 20:339-58.
    • (1984) Cahiers ORSTOM Série Sciences Humaines , vol.20 , pp. 339-358
    • Raulin, H.1
  • 72
    • 0024895206 scopus 로고
    • La culture irriguée en pays haoussa nigérien. Aspects historiques, sociaux et techniques
    • Raynaut, C. 1989. 'La culture irriguée en pays haoussa nigérien. Aspects historiques, sociaux et techniques'. Etudes Rurales 115-16:105-28.
    • (1989) Etudes Rurales 115-16 , pp. 105-128
    • Raynaut, C.1
  • 74
    • 77955023545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Though the Earth does not Lie". Agricultural Transitions in Siin Senegal under Colonial Rule
    • Reinwald, B. 1997. '"Though the Earth does not Lie". Agricultural Transitions in Siin Senegal under Colonial Rule'. Paideuma 43:143-69.
    • (1997) Paideuma , vol.43 , pp. 143-169
    • Reinwald, B.1
  • 75
    • 0042788834 scopus 로고
    • Essai sur la vie paysanne au Fouta-Dialon
    • Richard-Molard, J. 1944. 'Essai sur la vie paysanne au Fouta-Dialon'. Revue de Géographie Alpine 32:135-239.
    • (1944) Revue De Géographie Alpine , vol.32 , pp. 135-239
    • Richard-Molard, J.1
  • 76
    • 84936527427 scopus 로고
    • Agricultural Intensification and Rural Development: The Mandara Mountains of North Cameroon
    • Riddell, J.C. and Campbell, D.J. 1986. 'Agricultural Intensification and Rural Development: The Mandara Mountains of North Cameroon'. African Studies Review 29:89-106.
    • (1986) African Studies Review , vol.29 , pp. 89-106
    • Riddell, J.C.1    Campbell, D.J.2
  • 77
    • 77955033483 scopus 로고
    • Un système de culture perfectionné, pratiqué par les Bwaba - Bobo Oulé de la region de Houndé Haute Volta
    • Savonnet, G. 1960. 'Un système de culture perfectionné, pratiqué par les Bwaba - Bobo Oulé de la region de Houndé Haute Voltá. Ètudes Voltaïques Memoire 1:19-52.
    • (1960) Ètudes Voltaïques Memoire , vol.1 , pp. 19-52
    • Savonnet, G.1
  • 79
    • 77955034209 scopus 로고
    • Der agrarische intensivierungskomplex in Nordost-Afrika
    • Straube, H. 1967. 'Der agrarische intensivierungskomplex in Nordost-Afrika'. Paideuma 13:198-222.
    • (1967) Paideuma , vol.13 , pp. 198-222
    • Straube, H.1
  • 80
    • 39749084814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development and Expansion of the Field and Irrigation System at Engaruka, Tanzania
    • Stump, D. 2006a. 'The Development and Expansion of the Field and Irrigation System at Engaruka, Tanzania'. Azania 41:69-94.
    • (2006) Azania , vol.41 , pp. 69-94
    • Stump, D.1
  • 83
    • 0344445152 scopus 로고
    • Towards a History of Cultivating the Fields
    • Sutton, J.E.G. 1989. 'Towards a History of Cultivating the Fields'. Azania 24:99-113.
    • (1989) Azania , vol.24 , pp. 99-113
    • Sutton, J.E.G.1
  • 85
    • 77955024395 scopus 로고
    • Field Systems, Cultivation Techniques and Non-farm Incomes in Hausaland
    • Swindell, K. and Iliya, M.A. 1989. 'Field Systems, Cultivation Techniques and Non-farm Incomes in Hausaland'. Azania 24:28-37.
    • (1989) Azania , vol.24 , pp. 28-37
    • Swindell, K.1    Iliya, M.A.2
  • 86
    • 77955034520 scopus 로고
    • The "Hill Refuges" of the Jos Plateau: A Historiographical Examination
    • Tambo, D.C. 1978. 'The "Hill Refuges" of the Jos Plateau: A Historiographical Examination'. History in Africa 5:201-23.
    • (1978) History In Africa , vol.5 , pp. 201-223
    • Tambo, D.C.1
  • 87
    • 84941217374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living Terraces in Ethiopia: Konso Landscape, Culture and Development
    • UK: James Currey
    • Watson, E.E. 2009. Living Terraces in Ethiopia: Konso Landscape, Culture and Development. Woodbridge, UK: James Currey.
    • (2009) Woodbridge
    • Watson, E.E.1
  • 88
    • 77955041296 scopus 로고
    • Zur Arbeitsteilung bei den Bwaba in der Region von Houndé in Burkina Faso
    • Weingarten, S. 1991. 'Zur Arbeitsteilung bei den Bwaba in der Region von Houndé in Burkina Faso'. Paideuma 37:189-203.
    • (1991) Paideuma , vol.37 , pp. 189-203
    • Weingarten, S.1
  • 90
    • 34547870481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a Historical Geography of Intensive Farming in Eastern Africa
    • Widgren and Sutton (eds)
    • Widgren, M. 2004. 'Towards a Historical Geography of Intensive Farming in Eastern Africa', in Widgren and Sutton (eds), Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa.
    • (2004) Islands of Intensive Agriculture In Eastern Africa
    • Widgren, M.1
  • 93
    • 0001948728 scopus 로고
    • Feldtypen und Speichertypen bei den Kassena in Obervolta
    • Zwernemann, J. 1963. 'Feldtypen und Speichertypen bei den Kassena in Obervolta'. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie 88:310-17.
    • (1963) Zeitschrift Fur Ethnologie , vol.88 , pp. 310-317
    • Zwernemann, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.