Mesoscale patterns in the floristic composition of forests in the central western ghats of karnataka, India

Biotropica

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 435-443

  Ramesh, B R ^a   Venugopal, P Dilip ^a,d   Pélissier, Raphaël ^a,b   Patil, Santoshgouda V ^a   Swaminath, M H ^c   Couteron, Pierre ^b  

^a FRENCH INSTITUTE OF PONDICHERRY   (India)

^b UMR AMAP   (France)

^c Karnataka Forest Department   (India)

^d Bldg 142   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioclimatic influences; Disturbance history; Forest stand structure; Indirect gradient analysis; Regional patterns; Tree species diversity

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BIOCLIMATOLOGY; BOOTSTRAPPING; CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS; DOMINANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FLORISTICS; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SAMPLING; STAND STRUCTURE; TAXONOMY;

INDIA; KARNATAKA; WESTERN GHATS;

ANOGEISSUS LATIFOLIA; EUPHORBIA; EUPHORBIACEAE; LAURACEAE; MAGNOLIOPHYTA; MORACEAE; RUBIACEAE; TERMINALIA; TERMINALIA TOMENTOSA; XYLIA XYLOCARPA;

EID: 77955027327     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: 17447429     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00621.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ayyappan N, Parthasarathy N. Biodiversity inventory of trees in a large-scale permanent plot of tropical evergreen forest at Varagaliar, Annamalais, Western Ghats, India. Biodiversity Conserv. 1999, 8:1533-1554.
2. Bourgeon G. 1989, Explanatory booklet on the reconnaissance soil map of forest area: Western Karnataka and Goa. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique, hors série 20. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Inde
3. Bourgeon G, Pascal J-P. Influence des héritages morpho-pédologiques dans la répartition des formations forestières: région de Sorab-Siddapur (Inde de Sud). Bois et Forêts des Tropiques 1989, 214:3-21.
4. Buchy M. Teak and arecanut. Colonial state, forest and people in the Western Ghats (South India), 1800-1947 1996, Institut Français de Pondichéry & Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Pondicherry, India, 225 pp
5. Caratini C, Fontugne M, Pascal J-P, Tissot C, Benteleb I. A major change at ca. 3500 years BP in the vegetation of the Western Ghats in North Kanara, Karnataka. Curr. Sci. 1991, 61:669-672.
6. Chandran M D S. On the ecological history of the Western Ghats. Curr. Sci. 1997, 73:146-155.
7. Chessel D, Dufour A-B, Thioulouse J. The ade4 package. I-One table methods. RNews 2004, 4:5-10.
8. Condit R. Defining and mapping vegetation types in mega diverse tropical forests. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1996, 11:4-5.
9. Condit R, Pitman N, Leigh E G, Chave J, Terborgh J, Foster R B, Nunez P, Aguilar S, Valencia R, Villa G, Muller-Landau H C, Losos E, Hubbell S P. Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science 2002, 295:666-669.
10. Connell J H, Lowman M D. Low-diversity tropical rain forests: Some possible mechanisms for their existence. Am. Nat. 1989, 134:88-119.
11. Couteron P, Pelissier R, Mapaga D, Molino J-F, Teillier L. Drawing ecological insights from a management-oriented forest inventory in French Guiana. For. Ecol. Manage. 2003, 172:89-108.
12. Davidar P, Puyravaud J-Ph, Leigh E G. Changes in rain forest tree diversity, dominance and rarity across a seasonality gradient in the Western Ghats, India. J. Biogeogr. 2005, 32:493-501.
13. Davidar P, Rajagopal B, Mohandass D, Puyravaud J-Ph, Condit R, Wright S J, Leigh E G. The effect of climatic gradients, topographic variation and species traits on the beta diversity of rain forest trees. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 2007, 16:510-518.
14. Gentry A H. Tropical forest biodiversity: Distributional patterns and their conservational significance. Oikos 1992, 63:19-28.
15. Gimaret-Carpentier C, Chessel D, Pascal J-P. Non-symetric correspondence analysis: An alternative for species occurrences data. Plant Ecol. 1998, 138:97-112.
16. Gimaret-Carpentier C, Dray S, Pascal J-P. Broad-scale biodiversity pattern analyses of the endemic tree flora of the Western Ghats (India) using canonical correlation analysis of herbarium records. Ecography 2003, 26:429-444.
17. Gunnell Y. Relief and climate in south Asia: The influence of the Western Ghats on the current climate pattern of peninsular India. Int. J. Climatol. 1997, 17:1169-1182.
18. Gunnell Y, Bourgeon G. Soils and climatic geomorphology on the Karnataka plateau, peninsular India. Catena 1997, 29:239-262.
19. Hart T, Hart J A, Murphy P G. Monodominant and species-rich forests of the humid tropics: Causes for their co-occurrence. Am. Nat. 1989, 133:613-633.
20. Jha C S, Dutt C B S, Bawa K S. Deforestation and land use changes in Western Ghats, India. Curr. Sci. 2000, 79:231-238.
21. Kadambi K. The evergreen Ghat rain forest of the Tunga and Bhadra river sources, Kadur District, Mysore State. Indian For. 1942, 68:305-312.
22. Karnataka forests department 1984, Karnataka Forest Statistics, Government of Karnataka, India
23. Legendre P, Legendre L. Numerical ecology 1998, 2nd English edition, Elsevier Science B.V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
24. Manoharan T M, Uniyal V K, Kumar C S. The biodiversity wealth and its conservation in Kerala. Conservation and economic evaluation of biodiversity 1997, 103-124. Pushpangadan P, Ravi K, Santosh V. (Eds.), pp, Oxford University Press & India Book House, New Delhi, India
25. Menon S, Bawa K S. Applications of geographic information systems, remote-sensing, and a landscape ecology approach to biodiversity conservation in the Western Ghats. Curr. Sci. 1997, 73:134-145.
26. Myers N, Mittermeier R A, Mittermeier C G, da Fonseca G A B, Kent J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 2000, 403:853-858.
27. Nadkarni M V. The political economy of forest use and management 1989, Sage Publications, New Delhi, India
28. Oksanen J, Kindt R, Legendre P, O'Hara B, Simpson G L, Solymos P, Stevens M H H, Wagner H. 2009, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan, vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 1.15-2. Available at, (accessed 15 May 2009).
29. Pascal J-P. 1982, Bioclimates of Western Ghats. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique, hors série 17. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Inde
30. Pascal J-P. 1986, Explanatory booklet on the forest maps of South India - Sheets: Belgaum-Dharwar-Panaji; Shimoga; Mercara-Mysore. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique, hors série 18c. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Inde
31. Pascal J-P. 1988, Wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, structure, floristic composition and succession. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique 20 bis. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Inde. [English translation of: Pascal, J-P. 1984. Les forêts denses humides sempervirentes des Ghâts Occidentaux de l'Inde: écologie, structure, composition floristique et successions. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique 20. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Inde.]
32. Pascal J-P. Management oriented forest map of south India: Thematic derivations. Vegetatio 1993, 109:47-61.
33. Pascal J-P, Pélissier R. Structure and floristic composition of a tropical evergreen forest in southwest India. J. Trop. Ecol. 1996, 12:195-218.
34. Pascal J-P, Ramesh B R, Bourgeon G. The 'Kan Forests' of the Karnataka plateau (India): Structure and floristic composition, trends in the changes due to their exploitation. Trop. Ecol. 1988, 29:9-23.
35. Pascal J-P, Ramesh B R, de Franceschi D. Wet evergreen forest types of the southern Western Ghats, India. Trop. Ecol. 2004, 45:281-292.
36. Phillips O L, Vargas P N, Monteagudo AL, Cruz A P, Zans M C, Sánchez W G, Yli-Halla M, Rose S. Habitat association among Amazonian tree species: A landscape-scale approach. J. Ecol. 2003, 91:757-775.
37. Rai S N, Proctor J. Ecological studies on four rain forests in Karnataka, India. I. Environment, structure, floristics and biomass. J. Ecol. 1989, 74:439-454.
38. Ramesh B R. Patterns of vegetation, biodiversity and endemism in the Western Ghats. Sahyadri, the great escarpment of the Indian subcontinent. Patterns of landscape development in the Western Ghats. Geological Society of India, Memoir 4 2001a, 973-981. Gunnell YRadhakrishna B P. (Eds.), pp, Geological Society of India, Bangalore, India
39. Ramesh B R. Patterns of richness and endemism of arborescent species in the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, India. Tropical ecosystems: Structure, diversity and human welfare. Proceedings of the international conference on tropical ecosystems 2001b, 539-544. Ganeshaiah K MUma Shaanker RBawa K S. (Eds.), pp, Oxford University Press & Indian Book House, New Delhi, India
40. Ramesh B R, Mohan seetharam M C, Guero M C, Michon R. Assessment and conservation of forest biodiversity in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. 1. General introduction and forest land cover and land use changes (1977-1997). Pondy Pap. Ecol. 2009a, 6:1-64.
41. Ramesh B R, Pascal J-P, Nouguier C. 1997, Atlas of endemics of the Western Ghats (India): Distribution of tree species in the evergreen and semi-evergreen forest. Publications du departement d'ecologie 38. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Inde
42. Ramesh B R, Swaminath M H, Patil S V, Aravajy S, Elouard C. Assessment and conservation of forest biodiversity in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. 2. Assessment of tree biodiversity, logging impact and general discussion. Pondy Pap. Ecol. 2009b, 7:65-121.
43. Roberts D W. 2006, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=labdsv, labdsv: Ordination and Multivariate Analysis for Ecology. R package version 1.3-1. Available at, (accessed 15 May 2009)
44. Shimodaira H. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Syst. Biol. 2002, 51:492-508.
45. Stracey P D. The silviculture and management of tropical rain forests in India. Indian For. 1959, 85:385-402.
46. Sukumar R, Dattaraja H S, Suresh H S, Radhakrishnan J, Vasudeva R, Nirmala S, Joshi N V. Long term monitoring of vegetation in a tropical deciduous forest in Mudumalai, southern India. Curr. Sci. 1992, 62:608-616.
47. Suzuki R, Shimodaira H. 2004, An application of multiscale bootstrap resampling to hierarchical clustering of microarray data: How accurate are these clusters? Poster presented at the Fifteenth International Conference on Genome Informatics, 13-15 December 2004. Pacifico Yokohama, Japan
48. Suzuki R, Shimodaira H. Pvclust: An R package for assessing the uncertainty in hierarchical clustering. Bioinformatics 2006, 22:1540-1542.
49. Torti S D, Coley P D, Kursar T A. Causes and consequences of monodominance in tropical lowland forests. Am. Nat. 2001, 157:141-153.
50. Utkarsh G, Joshi N V, Gadgil M. On the patterns of tree diversity in the Western Ghats of India. Curr. Sci. 1998, 75:594-603.