Longitudinal microvascularity in Achilles tendinopathy (power Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging time-intensity curves and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire): A pilot study

Skeletal Radiology

Volumn 39, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 509-521

  Richards, Paula J ^a,b   McCall, Iain W ^b,c   Day, Christopher ^a   Belcher, John ^d   Maffulli, Nicola ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^b KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF NORTH MIDLANDS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^d CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Achilles tendinopathy; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Power Doppler; Time intensity curves

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDINITIS; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; MICROVASCULATURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; VASCULARIZATION; VICTORIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT ASSESSMENT ACHILLES; ACHILLES TENDON; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; RADIOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TENDINITIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACHILLES TENDON; ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MICROVESSELS; MIDDLE AGED; PILOT PROJECTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TENDINOPATHY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER;

EID: 77954979496     PISSN: 03642348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-009-0772-0     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Richards PJ, Dheer AK, McCall IW. Achilles tendon (TA) size and power Doppler ultrasound (PD) changes compared to MRI: a preliminary observational study. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:G18.
2. Husson JL, De Korvin B, Polard JL, Attali JY, Duvauferrier R. Study of the correlation between MRI and surgery of Achilles tendon pathology. Acta Orthop Belg. 1994;60:408-412
3. Fornage BD. Achilles tendon: US examination. Radiology. 1986;159:759-764
4. Neuhold A, Stiskal M, Kainberger F, Schwaighofer B. Degenerative Achilles tendon disease: assessment by magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. Eur J Radiol. 1992;14:213-220
5. Astrom M, Gentze C-F, Nilsson P, Rausing A, Sjoberg S, Westlin N. Imaging in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases. Skeletal Radiol. 1996;25:615-620
6. Maffulli N, Regine R, Angelillo M, Capasso G, Filice S. Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners. Br J Sports Med. 1987;21:158-162
7. Gibbon WW, Cooper JR, Radcliffe GS. Distribution of sonographically detected tendon abnormalities in patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic Achilles tendinosis. J Clin Ultrasound. 2000;28(2):61-66
8. Quinn SF, Murry WT, Clark RA, Cochran CF. Achilles tendon: MR Imaging at 1.5T. Radiology. 1987;164:767-770
9. Karjalainen PT, Soila K, Aronen HJ, Pihlajamk HK, Tynninen O, Paavonen T, et al.. MR imaging of overuse injuries of the Achilles tendon. AJR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;175:251-260
10. Rubin JM, Bude RO, Carson PL, Bree Rl, Adler RS. Power Doppler US: a potentially useful alternative to mean frequencybased colour Doppler US. Radiology. 1994;190:853-856
11. Öhberg L, Alfredson H. Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:173-177
12. Weskott HP. Amplitude Doppler US: slow blood flow detection tested with a flow phantom. Radiology. 1997;202:125-130
13. Theobald P, Benjamin M, Nokes L, Pugh N. Review of the vascularisation of the human Achilles tendon. Injury. 2005;36:1267-1272
14. Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Shalabi A, Gad A, Aspelin R, Rolf C. Intratendinous alterations as imaged by US and contrast medium enhanced MRI in chronic achilldynia. Foot Ankle. 1998;19:311-317
15. Richards PJ, Win T, Jones PW. The distribution of microvascular response in Achilles tendonopathy assessed by colour and power Doppler. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34:336-342
16. Robinson JM, Cook JL, Purdam C, Visentini PJ, Ross J, Maffulli N, et al. The VISA-A questionnaire: a valid and reliable index of the clinical severity of Achilles tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35:335-341
17. Maffulli N, Kenward MG, Testa V, Capasso G, Regine R, King JB. Clinical diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy with tendinosis. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13:11-15
18. Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:360-366 (Pubitemid 28248723)
19. Backhaus M, Kamradt T, Sandrock D, Loreck D, Fritz J, Wolf KJ, et al. Arthritis of the finger joints. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1232-1254
20. Lang P, Honda G, Roberts T, Vahlensieck M, Johnston JO, Rosenauw W, et al. Musculoskeletal neoplasm: perineoplastic edema versus tumour on dynamic postcontrast MRI images with spatial mapping of instantaneous enhancement rates. Radiology. 1995;197:831-839
21. Blankstein A, Cohen I, Diamant L, Heim M, Dudkiewicz I, Israeli A, et al. Achilles tendon pain and related pathologies: diagnosis by ultrasonography. Isr Med Assoc J. 2001;3:575-578
22. Martinoli C, Pretrolesi F, Crespi G, Bianchi S, Gandolfo N, Valle M, et al. Power Doppler sonography: clinical applications. Eur J Radiol. 1998;27:2133-2140
23. Ying M, Yeung E, Li B, Li W, Lui M, Tsoi C. Sonographic evaluation of the size of Achilles tendon: the effect of exercise and dominance of the ankle. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003;29:637-642
24. Soila K, Karjalainen PT, Aronen HJ, Pihlajamaki HK, Tirman PJ. High resolution MRI of the asymptomatic Achilles tendon. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:323-328
25. Bertolotto M, Perrone R, Martinoli C, Rollandi GA, Patetta R, Derchi LE. High resolution ultrasound anatomy of normal Achilles tendon. Br J Radiol. 1995;68:986-991
26. Carr AJ, Norris SH. The blood supply of the calcaneal tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989;71(1):100-101
27. Schmidt-Rohlfing B, Graf J, Schneider U, Niethard FU. The blood supply of the Achilles tendon. Int Orthop. 1992;16:29-31.
28. Shalibi A, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Papadoginnakis N, Aspelin P, Movin T. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI imaging and histopathology in chronic Achilles tendinosis: a longitudanal MR study of 15 patients. Acta Radiol. 2002;43:198-206.
29. Rolf C, Movin T. Etiology, histopathology, and outcome of surgery in achillondynia. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:565-569
30. Kvist M, Jozsa L, Jarvinen M. Vascular changes in the ruptured Achilles tendon and paratenon. Int Orthop. 1992;16:377-382
31. Maffulli N, Barrass V, Ewen SWB. Light microscopic histology of Achilles tendon ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:857-863
32. Movin T, Gad A, Reinhott FP, Rolf C. Tendon pathology in longstanding achillodynia: biopsy findings in 40 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1997;68:170-177
33. Astrom M, Westlin N. Blood flow in the human Achilles tendon assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. J Orthop Res. 1994;12:246-252
34. Knobloch K, Kraemer R, Lichtenberg A, Jagodzinski M, Gossling T, Richter M, et al. Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation in midportion and insertional tendinopathy in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:92-97
35. Alfredson H, Bjur D, Thorsen K, Lorentzon R, Sandstrom P. High intratendinous lactate levels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis. An investigation using microdialysis technique. J Orthop Res. 2003;20:934-938
36. Astrom M, Westlin N. Blood flow in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;308:166-172
37. Peers KHE, Brys PPM, Lysen RJJ. Correlation between power Doppler US and clinical severity in Achilles tendinopathy. Int Orthop. 2003;27:180-183
38. Mallinaris P, Richards PJ, Garau G, Maffulli N. Achilles tendon Doppler flow may be associated with mechanical loading among active athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:2210-2216
39. Van Snellenberg W, Wiley JP, Brunet G. Achilles tendon pain intensity and level of neovascularisation in athletes as determined by color Doppler ultrasound. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17:530-534
40. Cook JL, Kiss ZS, Ptasznik R, Malliaras P. Is vascularity more evident after exercise? Implications for tendon imaging. AJR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;185:1138-1140
41. Zanetti M, Metzdork A, Kendert HP, Zollinger H, Vienne P, Siefert B, et al. Achilles tendons: clinical relevance of neovascularisation diagnosed with power Doppler US. Radiology. 2003;227:556-560
42. Reiter M, Ulreich N, Dirisamer A, Tscholakoff D, Bucek RA. Colour and power Doppler sonography in symptomatic achilles tendon disease. Int J Sports Med. 2004;25:301-305
43. Khan KM, Forster BB, Robinson J, Cheong Y, Louis L, Maclean L, et al. Are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of value in assessment of Achilles tendon disorders? A two year prospective study. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:149-153
44. Haims AH, Schweitzer ME, Patel RS, Hecht P, Wapner KL. MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: overlap of findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Skeletal Radiol. 2000;29:640-645
45. Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins IVV. A randomised, placebo controlled trial of low level laser therapy for activated Achilles tendinitis with microdialysis measurement of peritendinous prostaglandin E2 concentrations. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:76-80.
46. Öhberg L, Alfredson H. Sclerosing therapy in chronic Achilles tendon insertional pain-results of a pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthroscopy. 2003;11:339-343
47. Maxwell NJ, Ryan MB, Taunton JE, Gillies JH, Wong AD. Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the achilles tendon: a pilot study. AJR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;189:215-220
48. Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Superior short-tem results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:42-47
49. Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM. Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients. Lancet. 2000;356: 1000-1001
50. Broome DR, Girguis MS, Baron PW, Cottrell AC, Kjellin I, Kirk GA. Gadodiamide-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: why radiologists should be concerned. AJR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;188:586-592
51. Shalabi A, Movin T, Kristoffersen-Wilberg M, Aspelin P, Svensson L. Reliability in the assessment of tendon volume and intratendinous signal of the Achilles tendon on MRI: a methodological description. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13:492-498
52. Cook JL, Ptaznik R, Kiss ZS, Malliaras P, Morris ME, De Luca J. High reproducibility of patellar tendon vascularity assessed by colour Doppler ultrasonography: a reliable measurement tool for quantifying tendon pathology. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:700-703
53. Farrant JM, O'Connor PJ, Grainger AJ. Role of tendon position during Doppler sonography for neovascular tendinopathy (abstract). Skeletal Radiol. 2006;35:422.
54. Cook JL, Khan KM, Harcourt PR, Kiss ZS, Fehrmann MW, Griffiths L, et al. Patella tendon ultrasonography in asymptomatic active athletes reveals hypoechoic regions: a study of 320 tendons. Clin J Sport Med. 1998;8:73-77
55. Sconfienza L, Silvestri E, Lacelli F, Bartolini B, Martinoli C, Garlaschi G. Evaluation of normal and pathologic appearance of achilles tendon with elastosonography: present and future applications (abstract). Skeletal Radiol. 2006;35:428.
56. Black J, Cook J, Kiss ZS, Smith M. Intertester reliability of sonography in patellar tendinopathy. J Ultrasound Med. 2004;23:671-675