Conflict begets conflict: Executive control, mental state vacillations, and the therapeutic alliance in treatment of borderline personality disorder

Psychotherapy Research

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 413-422

  Levy, Kenneth N ^a   Beeney, Joseph E ^a   Wasserman, Rachel H ^a   Clarkin, John F ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alliance; Personality disorders; Psychoanalytic psychodynamic therapy

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BORDERLINE STATE; CONFLICT; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOTHERAPY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER; DISSENT AND DISPUTES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; PROFESSIONAL-PATIENT RELATIONS; PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PROCESSES; PSYCHOTHERAPY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77954969727     PISSN: 10503307     EISSN: 14684381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10503301003636696     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Allen, J. G., & Fonagy, P. (2006). The handbook of mentalization-based treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
2. Barber, J. P., Luborsky, L., Crits-Christoph, P., Thase, M. E., Weiss, R., Frank, A., Gallop, R. (1999). Therapeutic alliance as a predictor of outcome in treatment of cocaine dependence. Psychotherapy Research, 9, 54-73.
3. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W. (2004). Individual differences in working memory capacity and dual-process theories of the mind. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 553-573.
5. Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2008). Eight-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 631-639.
6. Bender, D. S., & Skodol, A. E. (2007). Borderline personality as a self other representational disturbance. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 500-517.
7. Berlin, H. A., Rolls, E. T., & Iversen, S. D. (2005). Borderline personality disorder, impulsivity, and the orbitofrontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 2360-2373.
8. Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 16, 252-260.
9. Brendel, G. R., Stern, E., & Silberswieg, D. A. (2005). Defining the neurocircuitry of borderline personality disorder: Functional neuroimaging approaches. Development and Psychopathology, 17,1197-1206.
10. Busseri, M. A., & Tyler, J. D. (2003). Interchangeability of the Working Alliance Inventory and Working Alliance Inventory, Short Form. Psychological Assessment, 15, 193-197.
11. Cecero, J. J., Fenton, L. R., Frankforter, T. L., Nich, C., & Carroll, K. M. (2001). Focus on therapeutic alliance: The psychometric properties of six measures across three treatments. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38, 1-11.
12. Clarkin, J. F., Foelsch, P. A., Levy, K. N., Hull, J. W., Delaney, J. C., & Kernberg, O. F. (2001). The development of a psychodynamic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorders: A preliminary study of behavioral change. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 487-495.
13. Clarkin, J. F., & Levy, K. N. (2003). The influence of client variables on psychotherapy. In M. Lambert (Ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed) (pp. 194-226). New York: Wiley.
14. Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2007). Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: A multiwave study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164,922-928.
15. Colson, D. B., Horwitz, L., Allen, J. G., Frieswyk, S. H., Gabbard, G. O., Newsom, G. E., & Coyne, L. (1988). Patient collaboration as a criterion for the therapeutic alliance. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 5, 259-268.
16. Connors, G., Carroll, K., DiClemente, C., & Longabaugh, R. (1997). The therapeutic alliance and its relationship to alcoholism treatment participation and outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 588-598.
17. Coolidge, F. L., Thede, L. L, & Lang, K. L. (2004). Are personality disorders psychological manifestations of executive function deficits? Bivariate heritability evidence from a twin study. Behavior Genetics, 34, 75-84.
18. Dimaggio, G., Carcione, A., Petrilli, D., Procacci, M., Semerari, A., & Nicolò, G. (2005). State of mind organization in personality disorders. Typical states and the triggering of inter-state shifts. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 346-359.
19. Domes, G., Winter, B., Schnell, K., Vohs, K., Fast, K., & Herpertz, S. (2006). The influence of emotions on inhibitory functioning in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1163-1172.
20. Erdur, O. Rude, S., Baron, A., Draper, M., & Shankar, L. (2000). Working alliance and treatment outcome in ethnically similar and dissimilar client-therapist pairings. Research Reports of the Research Consortium of Counseling & Psychological Services in Higher Education, 1(1).
21. Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., Flombaum, J. I., & Posner, M. I. (2005). The activation of attentional networks. NeuroImage, 26, 471-479.
22. Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340-347.
23. Fenton, L. R., Cecero, J. J., Nich, C., Frankforter, T. L., & Carroll, K. M. (2001). Perspective is everything: The predictive validity working alliance instruments. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10, 262-268.
24. First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-I), clinical version. New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
25. Gabbard, G. O., Horwitz, L., Allen, J. G., Frieswyk, S., Newsom, G., Colson, D. B., & Coyne, L. (1994). Transference interpretation in the psychotherapy of borderline patients: A highrisk, high-gain phenomenon. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 2, 59-69.
26. Gabbard, G. O., Horwitz, L., Frieswyk, S., Allen, J. G., Colson, D. B., Newsom, G., & Coyne, L. (1988). The effect of therapist interventions on the therapeutic alliance with borderline patients. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 36, 697-727.
27. Gunderson, J. G., Frank, A. F., Ronningstam, E. F., Wachter, S., Lynch, V. J., & Wolf, P. J. (1989). Early discontinuance of borderline patients from psychotherapy. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 38-42.
28. Gunderson, J. G., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2008). BPD's interpersonal hypersensitivity phenotype: A gene-environment-developmental model. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 22-41.
29. Hazlett, E. A., New, A. S., Newmark, R., Haznedar, M. M., Lo, J. N., Speiser, L. J., Buchsbaum, M. S. (2005). Reduced anterior and posterior cingulate gray matter in borderline personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 614-623.
30. Horowitz, L. M. (1994). Pschemas, psychopathology, and psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy Research, 4, 1-19.
31. Horowitz, M. J., Milbrath, C., Ewert, M., Sonneborn, D., & Stinson, C. (1994). Cyclical patterns of states of mind in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1767-1770.
32. Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 223-233.
33. Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149.
34. King-Casas, B., Sharp, C., Lomax-Bream, L., Lohrenz, T., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2008). The rupture and repair of cooperation in borderline personality disorder. Science, 321, 806-810.
35. Lai, C., Daini, S., Calcagni, M. L., Bruno, I., & De Risio, S. (2007). Neural correlates of psychodynamic psychotherapy in borderline disorders*A pilot investigation. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76, 403-405.
36. Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Kelly, K. M., Reynoso, J. S., Weber, M., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 1027-1040.
37. Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Reynoso, J. S., Lenzenweger, M. F., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2005). The relation of reflective function to neurocognitive functioning in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53, 1305-1309.
38. Linehan, M. M., Armstrong, H. E., Suarez, A., Allmon, D., & Heard, H. L. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1060-1064.
39. Liotti, G. (2004). Trauma, dissociation and disorganized attachment: Three strands of a single braid. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41, 472-486.
40. Loranger, A. W. (1999). International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
41. Lysaker, P. H., Dimaggio, G., Buck, K. D., Carcione, A., & Nicolò, G. (2007). Metacognition within narratives of schizophrenia: Associations with multiple domains of neurocognition. Schizophrenia Research, 93, 278-287.
42. Lysaker, P. H., Warman, D. M., Dimaggio, G., Procacci, M., Larocco, V. A., Clark, L. K., Nicolo, G. (2008). Metacognition in schizophrenia: Associations with multiple assessments of executive function. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 384-389.
43. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
44. Minzenberg, M. J., Poole, J. H., & Vinogradov, S. (2008). A neurocognitive model of borderline personality disorder: Effects of childhood sexual abuse and relationship to adult social attachment disturbance. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 341-368.
45. Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K., Vizueta, N., Levy, K. N., Evans, D. E., Thomas, K. M., & Clarkin, J. F. (2002). Attentional mechanisms of borderline personality disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 16366-16370.
46. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36, 717-731.
47. Prunetti, E., Framba, R., Barone, L., Fiore, D., Sera, F., & Liotti, G. (2008). Attachment disorganization and borderline patients' metacognitive responses to therapists' expressed understanding of their states of mind: A pilot study. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 28-36.
48. Roffman, J. L., Marci, C. D., Glick, D. M., Dougherty, D. D., & Rauch, S. L. (2005). Neuroimaging and the functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1-14.
49. Schnell, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2007). Effects of dialectic behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of affective hyperarousal in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41, 837-847.
50. Semerari, A., Carcione, A., Dimaggio, G., Nicolò,G.,Pedone,R., & Procacci, M. (2005). Metarepresentative functions in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19,690-710.
51. Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Tomer, R., Berger, B. D., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2003). Characterization of empathy deficits following prefrontal brain damage: The role of the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 324-337.
52. Silberswieg, D. A., Clarkin, J. F., Goldstein, M., Kernberg, O. F., Tuescher, O., Levy, K. N., Stern, E. (2007). Failure of frontolimbic inhibitory function in the context of negative emotion in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1832-1841.
53. Skodol, A. E., & Bender, D. S. (2003). Why are women diagnosed borderline more than men? Psychiatric Quarterly, 74, 349-360.
54. Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Pfohl, B., Widiger, T. A., Livesley, W. J., & Siever, L. J. (2002). The borderline diagnosis I: Psychopathology, comorbidity, and personality structure. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 936-950.
55. Spinhoven, P., Giesen-Bloo, J., Van Dyck, R., Kooiman, K., & Arntz, A. (2007). The therapeutic alliance in schema-focused therapy and transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75,104-115.
56. Tang, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Attention training and attention state training. Trends in Cognitive Science, 13, 222-227.
57. Tebartz van Elst, L., Hesslinger, B., Thiel, T., Geiger, E., Haegele, K., Lemieux, L., Ebert, D. (2003). Frontolimbic brain abnormalities in patients with borderline personality disorder: A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 163-171.
58. Tichenor, V., & Hill, C. E. (1989). A comparison of six measures of working alliance. Psychotherapy, 26, 195-199.
59. Tracey, T. J., & Kokotovic, A. M. (1989). Factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10, 207-210.
60. Wasserman, R. H. Levy, K. N., Beeney, J. E., & Stonebraker, A. (2007). A scale for assessing mental state vacillations in patients with borderline personality disorder. Unpublished manuscript.
61. Yeomans, F. E., Gutfreund, J., Selzer, M. A., Clarkin, J. F., Hull, J. W., & Smith, T. E. (1994). Factors related to drop-outs by borderline patients: Treatment contract and therapeutic alliance. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 3, 16-24.