The changing face of rheumatoid arthritis: Sustained remission for all?

Nature Reviews Immunology

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 605-611

  Isaacs, John D ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; AZATHIOPRINE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ETANERCEPT; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INFLIXIMAB; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PENICILLAMINE; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; SIMPONI; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT;

AUTOIMMUNITY; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICAL SOCIETY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REMISSION; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; EARLY DIAGNOSIS;

ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HUMANS; PROGNOSIS; REMISSION INDUCTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77954937171     PISSN: 14741733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nri2804     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. The National Audit Office. Sevices for people with rheumatoid arthritis [online](2009).
2. Strand, V., Kimberly, R. & Isaacs, J. D. Biologic therapies in rheumatology: lessons learned, future directions. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 6, 75-92 (2007).
3. Cooles, F. A. H. & Isaacs, J. D. Treating to re-establish tolerance in inflammatory arthritis\lessons from other diseases. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. (in the press).
4. Pratt, A. G., Isaacs, J. D. & Mattey, D. L. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of early rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol 23, 37-48 (2009).
5. Chang, S. K., Gu, Z. & Brenner, M. B. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in inflammatory arthritis pathology: the emerging role of cadherin-11. Immunol. Rev. 233, 256-266 (2010).
6. Walsh, N. C. & Gravallese, E. M. Bone remodeling in rheumatic disease: a question of balance. Immunol. R e v. 233, 301-312 (2010).
7. Gabriel, S. E. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Am. J. Med. 121, S9-S14 (2008).
8. The National Institute for Healthcare and Clinical Excellence. Rheumatoid arthritis [online](2009).
9. Klareskog, L., Catrina, A. I. & Paget, S. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 373, 659-672 (2009).
10. Pruijn, G. J., Wiik, A. & van Venrooij, W. J. The use of citrullinated peptides and proteins for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 12, 203 (2010).
11. Hoes, J. N., Jacobs, J. W., Verstappen, S. M., Bijlsma, J. W. & Van der Heijden, G. J. Adverse events of low-to medium-dose oral glucocorticoids in inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1833-1838 (2009).
12. Fries, J. F. Current treatment paradigms in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 39, S30-S35 (2000).
13. Mottonen, T. et al. Comparison of combination therapy with single-drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised trial. FIN-RACo trial group. Lancet 353, 1568-1573 (1999). (Pubitemid 29219206)
14. Landewe, R. B. et al. COBRA combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: long-term structural benefits of a brief intervention. Arthritis Rheum. 46, 347-356 (2002).
15. Rantalaiho, V. et al. The good initial response to therapy with a combination of traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is sustained over time: the eleven-year results of the Finnish rheumatoid arthritis combination therapy trial. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1222-1231 (2009).
16. van der Heijde, D. M., van 't Hof, M., van Riel, P. L. & van de Putte, L. B. Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J. Rheumatol. 20, 579-581 (1993).
17. Grigor, C. et al. Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 364, 263-269 (2004).
18. Goekoop-Ruiterman, Y. P. et al. Comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 146, 406-415 (2007).
19. van Vollenhoven, R. F. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art 2009. Nature Rev. Rheumatol. 5, 531-541 (2009).
20. Emery, P. et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial. Lancet 372, 375-382 (2008).
21. van der Kooij, S. M. et al. Limited efficacy of conventional DMARDs after initial methotrexate failure in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis treated according to the disease activity score. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66, 1356-1362 (2007).
22. van Vollenhoven, R. F. et al. Addition of infliximab compared with addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Swefot trial): 1-year results of a randomised trial. Lancet 374, 459-466 (2009).
23. Smolen, J. S., Aletaha, D., Grisar, J. C., Stamm, T. A. & Sharp, J. T. Estimation of a numerical value for joint damage-related physical disability in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1058-1064 (2009).
24. Aletaha, D. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis joint progression in sustained remission is determined by disease activity levels preceding the period of radiographic assessment. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1242-1249 (2009).
25. Quinn, M. et al. Very early treatment with infliximab in addition to methotrexate in early, poor-prognosis rheumatoid arthritis reduces magnetic resonance imaging evidence of synovitis and damage, with sustained benefit after infliximab withdrawal: results from a twelve-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 27-35 (2005).
26. da Silva, E., Doran, M. F., Crowson, C. S., O'Fallon, W. M. & Matteson, E. L. Declining use of orthopedic surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a long-term, population-based assessment. Arthritis Rheum. 49, 216-220 (2003).
27. van den Hout, W. B. et al. Cost-utility analysis of treatment strategies in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 291-299 (2009).
28. van der Kooij, S. M. et al. Drug-free remission, functioning and radiographic damage after 4 years of response-driven treatment in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 914-921 (2009).
29. van Dongen, H. et al. Efficacy of methotrexate treatment in patients with probable rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 1424-1432 (2007).
30. Emery, P. et al. Impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis or very early rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and imaging study of abatacept (the ADJUST trial). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 510-516 (2010).
31. Keymeulen, B. et al. Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. New Engl. J. Med. 352, 2598-2608 (2005). (Pubitemid 41007846)
32. Isaacs, J. D. T cell immunomodulation-the Holy Grail of therapeutic tolerance. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 7, 418-425 (2007).
33. Feldman, D. E. et al. Delay in consultation with specialists for persons with suspected new-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 57, 1419-1425 (2007).
34. Kumar, K. et al. Delay in presentation to primary care physicians is the main reason why patients with rheumatoid arthritis are seen late by rheumatologists. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46, 1438-1440 (2007).
35. Nielen, M. M. et al. Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurements in blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 380-386 (2004).
36. Nielen, M. M. et al. Increased levels of C-reactive protein in serum from blood donors before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 2423-2427 (2004).
37. Jorgensen, K. T. et al. Cytokines, autoantibodies and viral antibodies in premorbid and postdiagnostic sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: case-control study nested in a cohort of Norwegian blood donors. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 860-866 (2008).
38. Karlson, E. W. et al. Biomarkers of inflammation and development of rheumatoid arthritis in women from two prospective cohort studies. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 641-652 (2009).
39. Kokkonen, H. et al. Up-regulation of cytokines and chemokines predates the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 383-391 (2010).
40. Kraan, M. C. et al. Asymptomatic synovitis precedes clinically manifest arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 1481-1488 (1998).
41. Oliver, J. E. & Silman, A. J. What epidemiology has told us about risk factors and aetiopathogenesis in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, 223 (2009).
42. Bos, W. H., Dijkmans, B. A., Boers, M., van de Stadt, R. J. & van Schaardenburg, D. Effect of dexamethasone on autoantibody levels and arthritis development in patients with arthralgia: a randomised trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 571-574 (2010).
43. Landewé, R. B. et al. Intranasal administration of recombinant human cartilage glycoprotein-39 as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a Phase II, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group dose-finding trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 23 Sep 2009 (doi:10.1136/ard.2009.117234).
44. Bos, W. H. et al. Arthritis development in patients with arthralgia is strongly associated with anti-citrullinated protein antibody status: a prospective cohort study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 490-494 (2010).
45. Bykerk, V. P. & Hazes, J. M. When does rheumatoid arthritis start and can it be stopped before it does? Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 473-475 (2010).
46. Wakefield, R. J. et al. Should oligoarthritis be reclassified? Ultrasound reveals a high prevalence of subclinical disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 63, 382-385 (2004).
47. Sheane, B. J., Beddy, P., O'Connor, M., Miller, S. & Cunnane, G. Targeted ultrasound of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint in an early inflammatory arthritis cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1004-1008 (2009).
48. Tamai, M. et al. A prediction rule for disease outcome in patients with undifferentiated arthritis using magnetic resonance imaging of the wrists and finger joints and serologic autoantibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 772-778 (2009).
49. Haavardsholm, E. A., Boyesen, P., Ostergaard, M., Schildvold, A. & Kvien, T. K. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in 84 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: bone marrow oedema predicts erosive progression. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 794-800 (2008).
50. Hetland, M. L. et al. MRI bone oedema is the strongest predictor of subsequent radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a 2-year randomised controlled trial (CIMESTRA). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 384-390 (2009).
51. ten Wolde, S. et al. Randomised placebo-controlled study of stopping second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 347, 347-352(1996).
52. Burgoyne, C. H. et al. Abnormal T cell differentiation persists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission and predicts relapse. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 750-757 (2008).
53. Verstappen, S. M. et al. The beneficial effects of a 3 week course of intramuscular glucocorticoid injections in patients with very early inflammatory polyarthritis: Results of the STIVEA trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 503-509(2009).
54. Machold, K. P. et al. The Stop Arthritis Very Early (SAVE) trial, an international multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on glucocorticoids in very early arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 495-502 (2010).
55. Emery, P., Bradley, H., Arthur, V., Tunn, E. & Waring, R. Genetic factors influencing the outcome of early arthritis-the role of sulphoxidation status. Br. J. Rheumatol. 31, 449-451 (1992).
56. Barton, A. & Worthington, J. Genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: an emerging picture. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1441-1446 (2009).
57. Miossec, P., Korn, T. & Kuchroo, V. K. Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 888-898 (2009).
58. Ehrenstein, M. et al. Compromised function of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and reversal by anti-TNF α therapy. J. Exp. Med. 200, 277-285 (2004).
59. Hamilton, J. A. & Tak, P. P. The dynamics of macrophage lineage populations in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1210-1221 (2009).
60. Manzo, A., Bombardieri, M., Humby, F. & Pitzalis, C. Secondary and ectopic lymphoid tissue responses in rheumatoid arthritis: from inflammation to autoimmunity and tissue damage/remodeling. Immunol. Rev. 233, 267-285.
61. Aupperle, K. R. et al. Regulation of synoviocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion by the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Am. J. Pathol. 152, 1091-1098 (1998).
62. Takayanagi, H. Osteoimmunology and the effects of the immune system on bone. Nature Rev. Rheumatol. 5, 667-676 (2009).
63. Kallberg, H. et al. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions involving HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, and smoking in two subsets of rheumatoid arthritis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80, 867-875 (2007).
64. Kallberg, H. et al. Alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from two Scandinavian case-control studies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 222-227 (2009).
65. Isaacs, J. D. et al. Autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (pts) have enhanced clinical response to rituximab (RTX) when compared with seronegative patients. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68 (Suppl. 3), 442 (2009).