Enhancement of passive fire protection ability of inorganic fire retardants in vinyl ester resin using glass frit synergists

Journal of Fire Sciences

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 357-381

  Kandola, Baljinder K ^a   Pornwannachai, Wiwat ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

alumina trihydrate; fire retardancy; glass frits; thermal stability; Ultracarb; vinyl ester

Indexed keywords

ALUMINA TRIHYDRATES; FIRE RETARDANCY; GLASS FRIT; THERMAL STABILITY; VINYL ESTERS;

ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; FIRE EXTINGUISHERS; FIRES; FLAME RETARDANTS; FLAMMABILITY; GLASS; OCEAN STRUCTURES; RESINS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; THERMOSETS;

FIRE PROTECTION;

EID: 77954905765     PISSN: 07349041     EISSN: 15308049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0734904109361015     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Kandola, B. and Kandare, E. (2008). Composites Having Improved Fire Resistance, In: Horrocks, A.R. and Price, D. (eds), Advances in Fire Retardant Materials, Chap. 15, pp. 398-442, Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge.
2. Kootsookos, A. and Mouritz, A.P. (2004). Seawater Durability of Glass- and Carbon-polymer Composites, Comp. Sci. Tech., 64: 1503-1511.
3. Cain, J.J., Post, N.L., Lesko, J.J., Case, S.W., Lin, Y.-N., Roffle, J.S. and Hess, P.E. (2006). Post-curing Effects on Marine VARTM FRP Composite Material Properties for Test and Implementation, J. Eng. Mater. Tech., 128: 34-40.
4. Lua, J., Key, C.T., Hess, P.E., Jones, B.J., Lopez-Anido, R. and Dagher, H.J. (2004). A Virtual Testing Methodology for Marine Composites to Develop Design Allowables, In: Composites 2004 Convention and Trade Show American Composites Manufacturers Association, 6-8 October, Tampa, Florida, USA.
5. Marsh, G. (2006). Composites Boost Patrol Craft Performance, Reinforced Plastics, 50: 18-22.
6. Chigwada, G., Panchatapa, J., Jiang, D.D. and Wilkie, C.A. (2005). Fire Retardancy of Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites: Synergy with Phosphorus-based Fire Retardants, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 89: 85-100.
7. Kandare, E., Chigwada, G., Wang, D., Wilkie, C.A. and Hossenlopp, J.M. (2006). Nanostructured Layered Copper Hydroxy Dodecyl Sulfate: A Potential Fire Retardant for Poly(Vinyl Ester) (PVE), Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91: 1781-1790.
8. Biswas, B., Kandola, B.K., Price, D. and Horrocks, A.R. (2007). A Quantitative Study of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Evolution During Thermal Degradation of Flame Retarded Epoxy Resins, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92 (5). 765-776.
9. Liodakis, S., Antonopoulos, I., Agiovlasitis, I.P. and Kakardakis, T. (2008). Testing the Fire Retardancy of Greek Minerals Hydromagnesite and Huntite on WUI Forest Species Phillyrea latifolia L., Thermochim. Acta., 469 (1-2). 43-51.
10. Troitzsch, J. (1990). Fire Retardant Plastics, In: International Plastics Flammability Handbook, Chap. 5, pp. 43-52, Hanser Publications, New York.
11. Hanu, L.G., Simon, G.P. and Cheng, Y.B. (2006). Thermal Stability and Flammability of Silicone Polymer Composites, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91: 1373-1379.
12. Geoffrey, C. (1991). Fire-retardant Additives and their Uses, European Patent EP0420302.
13. Jachimi, R. (1997). Intumescent One-component Sealant, United States Patent 5594046.
14. Spano, V.W. (1997). Passive Fire Protection, United States Patent 5643661.
15. Nguyen, D.T., Langille, K.B., Veinot, D.W. and Bernt, J.O. (2004). Compound of Intumescent Powder and Thermoplastic Material, United States Patent No. 6790893 B2.
16. Alexander, G., Cheng, Y.B., Burford, R.P., Shanks, R., Mansouri, J., Hodzic, A., Wood, C., Genovese, A., Barber, K.W. and Rodrigo, P. (2003). Fire Resistant Silicone Polymer Compositions, International Patent PCT/ AU2003/000968, Fire Resistant Polymeric Compositions, International Application PCT/AU2003/001383.
17. Shoichiro, N. (2005). Fire Resistant Silicone Resin Composition and Low-voltage Fire Resistant Cable, Japan Patent JP2005171191.
18. Seiichi, U. and Katsuji, T. (2007). Fire Retardant and Fire Resistant Ethylene-propylene-diene Copolymer Composition and Low Voltage Fire Resistant Wire/Cable, Japan Patent JP2007169415.
19. Belch, L.L., Moore, W.F. and Hardin, T.G. (1996). Cable Having Superior Resistance to Flame Spread and Smoke Evolution, European Patent Application, 96304667.7.
20. BS EN ISO 4589-2: 1999. (1999). Plastics - Determination of Burning Behaviour by Oxygen Index - Part 2: Ambient Temperature Test.
21. BS 2782-1: Method 140A: 1992, ISO 1210:1992. (1992). Plastics - Part 1: Thermal Properties - Method 140A: Determination of the Burning Behaviour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source.
22. BS 476-15: 1993, ISO 5660-1: 1993. (1993). Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures - Part 15: Method for Measuring the Rate of Heat Release of Products.
23. Gilman, J.W., Kashiwagi, T., Nyden, M., Brown, J.E.T., Jackson, C.L., Lomakin, S., Giannelis, E.P. and Manias, E. (1999). Flammability Studies of Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Polyolefin, Epoxy, and Vinyl Ester Resins, In: Al-Malaika, S., Golovoy, A. and Wilkie, C.A. (eds), Chemistry and Technology of Polymer Additives, Chap. 14, pp. 249-265, Blackwell Scientific, London.
24. Botha, A. and Strydom, C.A. (2003). DTA and FT-IR Analysis of the Rehydration of Basic Magnesium Carbonate, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 71 (3). 987-996.
25. Bruni, S., Cariati, F., Fermo, P., Pozzi, A. and Toniolo, L. (1998). Characterization of Ancient Magnesium Mortars Coming from Northern Italy, Thermochim. Acta., 321 (1-2). 161-165.
26. Ozao, R. and Otsuka, R. (1985). Thermoanalytical Investigation of Huntite, Thermochim. Acta., 86: 45-58.
27. Hiremath, S. and Roy, S. (2007). Aluminium Trihydrate (ATH) - A Versatile Material, BHEL Journal, 28: 12-19.