Use of Tmax as a thermal maturity indicator in orogenic successions and comparison with clay mineral evolution

Clay Minerals

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 115-130

  Dellisanti, F ^a   Pini, G A ^a   Baudin, F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

ILLITE SMECTITE; KUBLER INDEX; PALAEOTEMPERATURES; PETROLEUM POTENTIAL; ROCK EVAL PYROLYSIS; TMAX; THERMAL MATURITY

Indexed keywords

ILLITE-SMECTITE; KUBLER INDICES; PALAEOTEMPERATURES; PETROLEUM POTENTIAL; ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS; THERMAL MATURITY;

HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM RESEARCH; PYROLYSIS; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SILICATE MINERALS;

CLAY MINERALS;

CRETACEOUS; ILLITE; NEOGENE; OROGENY; PALEOTEMPERATURE; PETROLEUM; PYROLYSIS; SMECTITE; THERMAL MATURITY;

APENNINES; ITALY;

EID: 77954849765     PISSN: 00098558     EISSN: 14718030     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2010.045.1.115     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Arkai P., Sassi F.P. & Desmons J. (2002) Very low to low-grade metamorphic rocks. A proposal on behalf of the IUGS Subcommision on the Systematic of Metamorphic Rocks. Web version of 31.10.2002.
2. Barchi M., Landuzzi A., Minelli G. & Pialli G. (2001) Outer Northern Apennines. Pp. 215-254 in: Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins. (G.B. Vai & I.P Martin, editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
3. Barker C. (1974) Pyrolysis techniques for source-rock evaluation. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, 58, 2349-2361.
4. Bertotti G., Capozzi R. & Picotti V. (1997) Extension control Quaternary tectonics, geomorphology and sedimentation of the N-Apennines foothills and adjacent Po Plain (Italy). Tectonophysics, 282, 291-301.
5. Boccaletti M., Calamita F., Deiana G., Gelati R., Massari F., Moratti G. & Ricci Lucchi F. (1990) Migrating foredeep-thrust belt system in the Northern Apennines and Southern Alps. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 77, 3-14.
6. Boccaletti M., Bonini M., Corti G., Gasperini P., Martelli L., Piccardi L., Tanini C. & Vannucci G. (2004) The Seismotectonic Map of the Emilia- Romagna Region. Regione Emilia Romagna & SELCA, Firenze, Italy.
7. Borgia A., Greco G., Brondi F., Badali M., Merle O., Pasquarè G., Martelli L. & Di Nardo T. (2006) Shale diapirism in the Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennine, Bologna, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B08406, DOI: 10.1029/2004JB003375.
8. Bortolotti V., Principi G. & Treves B. (2001) Ophiolites, ligurides and the tectonic evolution from spreading to convergence of a Mesozoic western Tethys segment. Pp. 151 - 164 in: Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins. (G.B. Vai & I.P. Martin, editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
9. Botti F., Aldega L. & Corrado S. (2004) Sedimentary and tectonic burial evolution of the Northern Apennines in the Modena-Bologna area: constraints from combined stratigraphic, structural, organic matter and clay mineral data of Neogene thrust-top basins. Geodinamica Acta, 17, 185-203.
10. Burnham A.K. & Sweeney J.J. (1989) A chemical kinetic model of vitrinite maturation and reflectance. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 2649-2657.
11. Burtner R.L. & Warner M.A. (1986) Relationship between illite/smectite diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation in Lower Cretaceous Mowry and Skull Creek Shales of the Northern Rocky Mountain area. Clays and Clay Minerals, 34, 390-402.
12. Camerlenghi A. & Pini G.A. (2009) Mud volcanoes, olistostromes and Argille scagliose in the Mediterranean region. Sedimentology, 56, 319-365.
13. Capozzi R. & Picotti V. (2002) Fluid migration and origin of a mud volcano in the Northern Apennines (Italy): the role of deeply rooted normal faults. Terra Nova, 14, 363-370.
14. Carmignani L., Decandia F.A., Disperati L., Fantozzi P.L., Kligfield R., Lazzarotto A., Lotta D. & Meccheri M. (2001) Inner Northern Apennines. Pp. 197-214 in: Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins. (G.B. Vai & I.P. Martin, editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
15. Carmignani L., Conti P., Cornamusini G. & Meccheri M. (2004) The internal Northern Apennines, the northern Tyrrhenian Sea and the Sardinia-Corsica block. Pp. 59-77 in: Geology of Italy (U. Crescenti, S. D'Offizi, S. Merlino & L. Sacchi, editors). Special Volume of the Italian Geological Society for the IGC 32 Florence-2004, Societa Geologica Italiana, Roma, Italy.
16. Castellarin A. (2001) Alps-Apennines and Po Plain- Frontal Apennines relationships. Pp. 177-196 in: Anatomy of an Orogen (G.B. Vai & I.P. Martini, editors) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
17. Castellarin A. & Pini G.A. (1989) L'arco del Sillaro: la messa in posto delle Argille Scagliose al margine appenninico padano (Appennino bolognese). Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 39, 127-142.
18. Castellarin A., Cantelli L., Fesce A.M., Mercier J.L., Picotti V., Pini G.A., Prosser G. & Selli L. (1992) Alpine compressional tectonics in the Southern Alps: Relationships with the N-Apennines. Annales Tectonicae, 4, 62-94.
19. Cerrina Feroni A., Ottria G., Martinelli P., Martelli L. & Catanzariti R. (2002) Structural-geological map of the Emilia-Romagna Apennines 1:250000. Emilia-Romagna Geological Survey, S.EL.CA., Firenze, Italy.
20. Cerrina Feroni A., Ottria G. & Ellero A. (2004) The Northern Apennines, Italy: geological structure and transpressive evolution. Pp. 15-32 in: Geology of Italy (U. Crescenti, S. D'Offizi, S. Merlino & L. Sacchi, editors). Special Volume of the Italian Geological Society for the IGC 32 Florence-2004, Societai Geologica Italiana, Roma, Italy.
21. Channell J.E.T., D'Argenio B. & Horvath F. (1979) Adria, the African promontory, in Mesozoic Mediterranean paleogeography. Earth Science Reviews, 15, 213-288.
22. Daniele G. & Plesi G. (2000) The Ligurian Helminthoid Flysch units of the Emilian Apennines: stratigraphic and petrographic features, palaeogeographic restoration and structural evolution. Geodinamica Acta, 13, 313-333.
23. Dellisanti F. & Pini G.A. (2007) The eo-mesoalpine accretionary stage of the Northern Apennines: insights from the estimated paleotemperatures. Epitome, 2, 99-100. Proceedings of GeoItalia Conference, Rimini, Italy.
24. Dellisanti F., Pini G., Tateo F. & Baudin F. (2008) The role of tectonic shear strain on the illitization mechanism of mixed-layers illite-smectite. A case study from a fault zone in the Northern Apennines, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97, 601-616.
25. Dercourt J., Zonenshain L.P., Ricou L.E., Kazmin V.G., Le Pichon X., Knipper A.L., Grandjacquet C., Sbortshikov I.M., Geyssant J., Lepvrier C., Pechersky D.H., Boulin J., Sibuet J.C., Savostin L.A., Sorokhtin O., Westphal M., Bazhenov M.L., Lauer J.P. & Biju-Duval B. (1986) Geological evolution of the Tethys belt from the Atlantic to the Pamir since the Lias. Tectonophysics, 123, 241-315.
26. Doglioni C., Guegen E., Harabaglia P. & Mongelli F (1999) On the origin of west-directed subduction zones and applications to western Mediterranean. Pp. 541-561 in: Mediterranean Basins (B. Durand, L. Jolivet, T.F. Horvà & M. Seranne M., editors) Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 156.
27. Ducci M., Leoni L., Marroni M. & Tamponi M. (1995) Determinazione del grado metamorfico delle Argille a Palombini dell'Alta Val Lavagna (Unità Gottero, Appennino Settentrionale. Atti Societal Toscana Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Serie A, 102, 39-45.
28. Ellero A., Leoni L., Marroni M. & Sartori F. (2001) Internal Liguride units from central Liguria, Italy; new constraints to the tectonic setting from white mica and chlorite studies. Schweizer Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 81, 39-53.
29. Elter P. (1975) L'ensemble ligure. Bulletin Societe Geologique France, 17, 984-997.
30. Espitalie J. (1986) Use of Tmax as a maturation index for different types of organic matter. Comparison with vitrinite reflectance. Pp. 475-496 in: Thermal Modelling in Sedimentary Basins (J. Burrus, editor). Technip, Paris.
31. Espitalié J., La Porte J.L., Madec M., Marquis F., Le Plat P., Paulet J. & Boutefeu A. (1977) Rapid method for source rocks characterization and for determination of petroleum potential and degree of evolution. Oil and Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'Institut Français du Petrole, 32, 23-42.
32. Espitalie J., Marquis F. & Barsony I. (1984) Geochemical logging. Pp. 276- 304 in: Analytical Pyrolysis (K.J. Voorhess, editor). Butterworths, Boston.
33. Espitalie J., Deroo G. & Marquis F. (1985a) Rock-Eval pyrolysis and its applications (part one). Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'Institut Franqais du Petrole, 40, 563-579. (Pubitemid 16638154)
34. Espitalie J., Deroo G. & Marquis F. (1985b) Rock-Eval pyrolysis and its applications (part two). Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'Institut Francais du Petrole, 40, 755-784.
35. Festa A., Pini G.A., Dilek Y., Codegone G., Vezzani L., Ghisetti F., Lucente C.C. & Ogata K. (2010) Peri- Adriatic melanges and their evolution in the Tethyan realm. International Geology Review, 52, 369-403.
36. Frey M. (1987) Low Temperature Metamorphism. Chapman and Hall, New York, 351 pp.
37. Frey M. & Robinson D. (1999) Low-Grade Metamorphism. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, 313 pp.
38. Guggenheim S., Bain D.C., Bergaya F., Brigatti M.F., Drits V.A., Eberl D.D., Formoso M.L.L., Galan E., Merriman R.J., Peacor D.R., Stanjek H. & Watanabe T. (2002) Report of the Association Internationale pour l'Etude des Argiles (AIPEA) Nomenclature Committee for 2001: Order, disorder and crystallinity in phyllosilicates and the use of the 'Crystallinity Index'. Clay Minerals, 37, 389-393.
39. Hoffman J. & Hower J. (1979) Clay mineral assemblages as low grade metamorphic geothermometers: application to the thrust faulted disturbed belt of Montana. Pp. 55-79 in: Aspects of Diagenesis (P.A. Scholle & P.S. Schluger, editors). Special Publication, 26, SEPM - Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
40. Horsfield B. & Rüllkotter J. (1994) Diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis of organic matter. Pp. 189-199 in: The Petroleum System. From Source to Trap (L.B. Magoon & D.G. Dow, editors). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 60.
41. Hunt J.M. (1995) Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology. Freeman, New York, 743 pp.
42. Jaboyedoff M. & Thelin P. (1996) New data on low- grade metamorphism in the Brianconnais domain of the Prealps, Western Switzerland. European Journal ofMineralogy, 8, 577-592.
43. Kisch H.J. (1983) Mineralogy and petrology of burial diagenesis (burial metamorphism) and incipient metamorphism in clastic rocks. Pp. 289-493, 513-541 in: Diagenesis in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, 2 (G. Larsen & G.V. Chilingar, editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
44. Kisch H.J. (1991) Illite crystallinity - recommendations on sample preparation, X-ray-diffraction settings, and interlaboratory samples. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 9, 665-670.
45. Krumm S. (1996) WINFIT 1.0 - a computer program for X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica, 38, 253-261.
46. Kübler B. (1967) La cristallinité de l'illite et les zones tout à fait supérieures du métamorphisme. Pp. 105 - 121 in: Etages Tectoniques, Colloque de Neuchãtel 1966. Université Neuchãtel, Switzerland.
47. Laubsher H. P., Biella G. C., Cassinis R., Gelati R., Lozej A., Scarascia S. & Tabacco I. (1992) The collisional knot in Liguria. International Journal of Earth Sciences - Geologische Rundschau, 81, 275-289.
48. Leoni L. (2001) New standardized illite crystallinity data from low- to very-low-grade metamorphic rocks (Northern Apennines, Italy). European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 1109-1118
49. Leoni L., Marroni M., Sartori F. & Tamponi M. (1996) Metamorphic grade in metapelites of the internal liguride units (Northern Apennines, Italy). European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 35-50.
50. Leoni L., Sartori F. & Tamponi M. (1998) Composition variation in K-white micas and chlorites coexisting in Al-saturated metapelites under late diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic conditions (Internal Liguride Units, Northern Apennines, Italy). European Journal of Mineralogy, 10, 1321-1339.
51. Levi N., Ellero A., Ottria G., & Pandolfi L. (2006) Polyorogenic deformation history recognized at very shallow structural levels: the case of the Antola Unit (Northern Apennine, Italy). Journal of Structural Geology, 28, 1694-1709.
52. Lezzerini M., Sartori F. & Tamponi M. (1995) Effect of amount of material used on sedimentation slides in the control of illite crystallinity measurements. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7, 819-823.
53. Lucente C.C. & Pini G.A. (2008) Basin-wide mass- wasting complexes as markers of the Oligo-Miocene foredeep-accretionary wedge evolution in the Northern Apennines, Italy. Basin Research, 20, 49-71.
54. Mantovani E., Babbucci D., Tamburelli C. & Viti M. (2008) A review of the driving mechanism of the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system: Implications for the present seismotectonic setting in the Central- Northern Apennines. Tectonophysics, 476, 22-40.
55. Marroni M. (1994) Deformation path of the Internal Ligurian Units (Northern Apennines, Italy): record of shallow-level underplating in the Alpine accretionary wedge. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 48, 179-194.
56. Marroni M. & Pandolfi L. (2001) Debris flow and slide deposit at the top of the Internal Liguride ophiolitic sequence, Northern Apennines, Italy: A record of frontal tectonic erosion in a fossil accretionary wedge. The Island Arc, 10, 9-21.
57. Marroni M. & Treves B. (1998) Hidden terranes in the Northern Apennines, Italy: A record of Late Cretaceous Oligocene transpressional tectonics. Journal of Geology, 106, 149-162.
58. Marroni M., Molli G., Pandolfi L. & Taini A. (1999) Foliated cataclasites at the base of the Antola unit (Italy): structural features and geological implications. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de le Sciences de Paris, 329, 135-141.
59. Marroni M., Molli G., Ottria G. & Pandolfi L. (2001) Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the External Liguride units (Northern Apennines, Italy): insights in the pre-collisional history of a fossil ocean- continent transition zone. Geodinamica Acta, 14, 307-320.
60. Merriman R.J. & Frey M. (1999) Patterns of very low- grade metamorphism in metapelitic rocks. Pp. 61 - 107 in: Low-grade Metamorphism (M. Frey & D. Robinson, editors). Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
61. Molli G. (2008) Northern Apennine-Corsica orogenic system: an updated overview. Pp. 413-442 in: Tectonic Aspects of the Alpine-Dinaride- Carpathian System (S. Siegesmund, B. Fugenschuh & N. Froitzheim, editors). Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 298.
62. Moore D.M. & Reynolds R.C. (1989) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, New York, 327 pp.
63. Ori G.G. & Friend P.F. (1984) Sedimentary basins formed and carried piggyback on active thrust sheets. Geology, 12, 475-478.
64. Pini G.A. (1999) Tectonosomes and olistostromes in the Argille scagliose of the Northern Apennines, Italy. Geological Society America, Special Paper, 335, 1-70.
65. Pini G.A., Lucente C.C., Cowan D.S., De Libero C.M., Dellisanti F., Landuzzi A., Negri A., Tateo F., Del Castello M., Morrone M. & Cantelli L. (2004) The role of olistostromes and argille scagliose in the structural evolution of the northern Apennines Pp. 1-40 in: Field Trip Guidebooks, 32nd IGC Florence 20-28 August 2004 (L. Guerrieri, I. Rischia & L. Serva, editors). Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'ltalia, 63, B13.
66. Reutter K.J., Teichmuller M., Teichmuller R. & Zanzucchi G. (1980) Le ricerche sulla carbonificazione dei frustoli vegetali nelle rocce clastiche, come contributo ai problemi di paleogeotermia e tettonica nell'Appennino settentrionale. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 21, 111-126.
67. Reutter K.J., Teichmueller M., Teichmueller R. & Zanzucchi G. (1983) The coalification pattern in the Northern Apennines and palaeogeothermic and tectonic significance. Geologishe Rundschau, 72, 861-893.
68. Reynolds R.C. (1980) Interstratified clay minerals. Pp. 249-303 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification (G.W. Brindley & G. Brown, editors) Monograph 5, Mineralogical Society, London.
69. Reynolds R.C. (1985) NEWMOD, a Computer Program for the Calculation of One-Dimensional Diffraction patterns of Mixed-Layer Clays.
70. Ricci Lucchi F. (1986) The Oligocene to Recent foreland basins of the northern Apennines. Special Publication, International Association of Sedimentologists, 8, 105-139.
71. Scotchman I.C. (1987) Clay diagenesis in Kimmeridigian clay formation: onshore UK and its relation to organic maturation. Mineralogical Magazine, 51, 535-551.
72. Stach E., Mackowsky M.T., Teichmuller M., Taylor G.H., Chandra D. & Teichmuller R. (1982) Pp. 535 in: Stach's text book of coal petrology. 3rd edition (G. Borntraeger, editor). Gerbruder Barntraeger, Berlin, Germany.
73. Stern W.B., Mullis J., Rahn M. & Frey M. (1991) Deconvolution of the first 'illite' basal reflection. Schweizerische Miner al o gis che Und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 71, 453-462.
74. Teichmüller M. (1958) Métamorphisme du charbon et prospection du pétrole. Revue Industrie Minerale, 1-15.
75. Teichmuller M. & Durand B. (1983) Fluorescence microscopical rank studies on liptinites and vitrinites in peat and coals, and comparison with results of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2, 197-230.
76. Tissot B.P. & Welte D.H. (1984) Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 538 pp.
77. Vai G.B. & Castellarin A. (1993) Correlazione sinottica delle unità stratigrafiche nell'Appennino Settentrionale. Studi Geologici Camerti, Volume Speciale 1992, 2A, 171-185.
78. Vannucchi P., Remitti F. & Bettelli G. (2008) Geological record of fluid flow and seismogenesis along an erosive subducting plate boundary. Nature, 451, 699-703.
79. Velde B. & Espitalié J. (1989) Comparison of kerogen maturation and illite/smectite composition in diagenesis. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 12, 103-110.
80. Ventura B., Pini G.A. & Zuffa G.G. (2001) Thermal history and exhumation of the Northern Apennines (Italy): evidence from combined apatite fission track and vitrinite reflectance data from foreland basin sediments. Basin Research, 13, 435-448.
81. Vescovi P., Fornaciari E., Rio D. & Valloni R. (1999) The Basal Complex Stratigraphy of the Helmintoid Monte Cassio Flysch: a key to the Eoalpine tectonics of the Northern Appennines. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 105, 101-128.
82. Warr L.N. & Rice A.H.N. (1994) Interlaboratory standardization and calibration of clay mineral crystallinity and crystallite size data. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12, 141-152.
83. Zattin M., Picotti V. & Zuffa G.G. (2002) Fission-track reconstruction of the front of the Northern Apennine thrust wedge and overlying Ligurian unit. American Journal of Science, 302, 346-379.