The oxidation of styrene by chromium-silica heterogeneous catalyst prepared from rice husk

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 160, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 742-750

  Adam, Farook ^a   Iqbal, Anwar ^a  

^a SCHOOL OF PHYSICS   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Benzaldehyde; Oxidation of styrene; Rice husk silica; Silica chromium catalyst; Sol gel

Indexed keywords

1-PHENYLETHANOL; ACETOPHENONES; ACIDIC MEDIUMS; BENZOIC ACID; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CHROMIUM CATALYSTS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; OXIDATION OF STYRENE; RICE HUSK; RICE HUSK SILICA; SILICA MATRIX; STYRENE OXIDE; XRD;

ALDEHYDES; CATALYST SUPPORTS; CHROMIUM; ETHANOL; GELS; GLYCOLS; KETONES; LEACHING; OXIDATION; SOL-GEL PROCESS; SOL-GELS; SOLS; STYRENE;

SILICA;

EID: 77954814295     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Maclean J.L., Dawe D.C., Hardy B., Hettel G.P. Rice Almanac Source Book for the Most Important Activity on Earth 2002, CABI Publishing, Wallington. 3rd ed.
2. Nehdi M., Duquette J., Damathy A.E. Performance of rice husk ash produced using a new technology as a mineral admixture in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 2004, 34:521-526.
3. Della V.P., Kuhn I., Hotza D. Rice husk ash as an alternate source for active silica production. Mater. Lett. 2002, 57:818-821.
4. Chiarakorn S., Areerob T., Grisdanurak N. Influence of functional silanes on hydrophobicity of MCM-41 synthesized from rice husk. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 2007, 8:110-115.
5. Adam F., Kalaivani K., Saraswathy B. Iron incorporated heterogeneous catalyst from rice husk ash. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006, 304:137-143.
6. Thankappan R., Sugunan S. Structural and catalytic investigation of vanadia supported on ceria promoted with high surface area rice husk silica. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2006, 250:169-176.
7. Adam F., Cheah L.F. Chromium modified silica from rice husk as an oxidative catalyst. J. Porous Mater. 2008, 16:291-298.
8. Laha S.C., Gläser R. Characterization and catalytic performance of [Cr] MCM-41 and [Cr] MCM-48 prepared by either classical or microwave heating. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2007, 99:159-166.
9. Jha R.K., Shylesh S., Bhoware S.S., Singh A.P. Oxidation of ethyl benzene and diphenyl methane over ordered mesoporous M-MCM-41 (M=Ti, V, Cr): synthesis, characterization and structure-activity correlations. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2006, 95:154-163.
10. Shylesh S., Srilakshmi C., Sigh A.P., Anderson B.G. One step synthesis of chromium-containing periodic mesoporous organosilicas and their catalytic activity in the oxidation of cyclohexane. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2007, 99:334-344.
11. Branão P., Valente A., Ferreira A., Amaral V.S., Rocha J. First stoichiometric large-pore chromium(III) silicate catalyst. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2004, 69:209-215.
12. Song J., Zhang Z., Jiang T., Hu S., Li W., Xe Y., Han B. Epoxidation of styrene to styrene oxide using carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in ionic liquids. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2008, 279:235-238.
13. Selvaraj M., Song S.W., Kawi S. Epoxidation of styrene over mesoporous Zr-Mn-MCM-41. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2007, 110:472-479.
14. I.I. Misnon, Hidrophobic titanium oxide and gold loaded magnesium oxide aerogel catalysis in the oxidation of styrene, M.Sc. Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2007.
15. Zhang Q., Wang Y., Itsuki S., Shishido T., Takehira K. Manganese-containing MCM-41 for epoxidation of styrene and stilbene. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2002, 188:189-200.
16. Gómez S., Garces L.J., Villagas J., Ghosh R., Giraldo O., Suib S.L. Synthesis and characterization of TM-MCM-48 (TM=Mn, V, Cr) and their catalytic activity in the oxidation of styrene. J. Catal. 2005, 233:60-67.
17. Adam F., Ahmad A.E. The benzylation of benzene using aluminium, gallium and iron incorporated silica from rice husk ash. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2009, 118:35-43.
18. Adam F., Ahmed A.E. The benzylation of xylenes using heterogeneous catalysts from rice husk ash silica modified with gallium, indium and iron. Chem. Eng. J. 2008, 145:328-334.
19. Adam F., Ahmed A.E. Indium incorporated silica from rice husk and its catalytic activity. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2007, 103:284-295.
20. Adam F., Retnam P., Iqbal A. The complete conversion of cyclohexane into cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by a simple silica-chromium heterogeneous catalyst. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2009, 357:93-99.
21. Adam F., Osman H., Hello K.M. The immobilization of 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane onto silica by a simple one-pot synthesis. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2009, 331:93-99.
22. Wang Y., Ohishi Y., Shishido T., Zhang Q.H., Yang W., Guo Q., Wan H., Takehira K. Characterizations and catalytic properties of Cr-MCM-41 prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis and template-ion exchange. J. Catal. 2003, 220:347-357.
23. Adam F., Balakrishnan S., Wong P.L. Rice husk ash silica as a new support material for ruthenium based heterogenous catalyst. J. Phys. Sci. 2006, 17:1-13.
24. Brinker C.J., Scherer G.M. Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing 1990, Academic Press, New York.
25. Wang X., Li W., Zu G., Qiu S., Zhao D., Zhong B. Effects of ammonia/silica molar ratio on the synthesis and structure of bimodal mesopore silica xerogel. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2004, 71:87-97.
26. Lin H.P., Mou C.Y. Acc. Chem. Res. 2007, 35:192-201.
27. Cruz R.S.D., Silva J.M.D.S.E., Arnold U., Schuchardt U. Catalytic activity and stability of a chromium containing silicate in liquid phase cyclohexane oxidation. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2001, 171:251-257.
28. 2 over Ti-containing molecular sieves with MFI, BEA and MCM-41 topologies. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2004, 277:99-106.
29. Dai W.L., Chen H., Cao Y., Li H., Xie S., Fan K. Novel economic and green approach to the synthesis of highly active W-MCM41 catalyst in oxidative cleavage of cyclopentene. Chem. Commun. 2003, 892-893.