Charge distribution of incipient flame-generated particles

Aerosol Science and Technology

Volumn 44, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 651-662

  Sgro, Lee Anne ^a   D'Anna, Andrea ^a   Minutolo, Patrizia ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOLTZMANN; BOLTZMANN THEORY; CHARGE FRACTIONS; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; ELECTRICAL CHARGES; FLAME CONDITIONS; FLAME TEMPERATURES; LOCAL TEMPERATURE; LOW PROBABILITY; MAXIMUM FLAME TEMPERATURE; PREMIXED FLAME; PROBE SURFACE; SIZE RANGES; SOOT PARTICLES;

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CHARGE DISTRIBUTION; CHARGE TRANSFER; CHARGED PARTICLES; COAGULATION; FLAMMABILITY; ION EXCHANGE; PARTICLE SIZE; PROBES;

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS;

HYDROCARBON; NANOPARTICLE;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; ELECTRICITY; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; PARTICLE SIZE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; SOOT; TEMPERATURE; THEORY;

EID: 77954728531     PISSN: 02786826     EISSN: 15217388     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2010.483701     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Adachi, M., Kousaka, Y., and Okuyama, K. (1985). Unipolar and Bipolar Diffusion Charging of Ultrafine Aerosol Particles. J. Aerosol Sci. 16: 109-123.
2. Alonso, M.,Kousaka,Y.,Nomura, T.,Hashimoto, N., andHashimoto, T. (1997). Bipolar Charging and Neutralization of Nanometer-Sized Aerosol Particles. J. Aerosol Sci. 28:1479-1490. (Pubitemid 28020223)
3. Balthasar, M., Mauss, F., and Wang, H. (2002). Computational Study of the Thermal Ionization of Soot Particles and Its Effect on their Growth in Laminar Premixed Flames. Comb. Flame 129:204-216.
4. Calcote, H. F., and Keil, D. G. (1990). The Role of Ions in Soot Formation. Pure & Appl. Chem. 62:815-824.
5. Chen, D.-R., Pui, D. Y. H., Hummes, D., Fissan, H., Quant, F. R., and Sem, G. J. (1998). Design and Evaluation of a Nanometer Aerosol Differential Mobility Analyzer (Nano-DMA). J. Aerosol Sci. 29:497-509.
6. D'Alessio, A., Barone, A. C., Cau, R., and D'Anna, A. (2005). Surface Deposition and Coagulation Efficiency of Combustion Generated Nanoparticles in the Size Range from 1 nm to 10 nm. Proc. Comb. Inst. 30:2595-2603.
7. D'Alessio, A., D'Anna, A., Gambi, G., and Minutolo, P. (1998). The Spectroscopic Characterization of UV Absorbing Nanoparticles in Fuel Rich Soot Forming Flames. J. Aerosol Sci. 29:397-409.
8. D'Alessio, A., D'Anna, A., Minutolo, P., and Sgro, L. A. (2009). Nanoparticles of Organic Carbon (NOC). Formed in Flames and Their Effects in Urban Atmospheres, in Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles H. Bockhorn, A. D'Anna, A. F. Sarofim, & H.Wang, eds., Karlsruhe University Press, Karlsruhe, 205-230.
9. De Filippo, A., Sgro, L. A., Lanzuolo, G., and D'Alessio, A. (2009). Probe Measurements and Numerical Model Predictions of Evolving Size Distributions in Premixed Flames. Combust. Flame 156:1744-1754.
10. Ferńandez de la Mora, J., de Juan, L., Liedtke, K., and Schmidt-Ott, A. (2003). Mass and Size Determination of Nanometer Particles by Means of Mobility Analysis and Focused Impaction. J. Aerosol Sci. 34:79-98.
11. Fialkov, A. B. (1997). Investigations of Ions in Flames. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 23:399-528.
12. Fuchs, N. A. (1963). On the Stationary Charge Distribution on Aerosol Particles in a Bipolar Ionic Atmosphere. Geophys. Pure Appl. 56:185.
13. Homann, K.-H. (1998). Fullerenes and Soot Formation-New Pathways to Large Particles in Flames. Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37:2434-2451.
14. Hoppel, W. A., and Frick, G. M. (1986). Ion-Aerosol Attachment Coefficients and the Steady-State Charge Distribution on Aerosols in a Bipolar Ion Environment. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 5:1-21.
15. Howard, J. B. On the Mechanism of Carbon Formation in Flames. (1969). Twelfth Symposium (International). on Combustion 12:877-887.
16. Kim, S. H., Woo, K. S., Liu, B. Y. H., and Zachariah, M. R. (2005). Method of Measuring Charge Distribution of Nanosized Aerosols. J. Coll. Interface Sci. 282:46-57.
17. Li, Z., and Wang, H. (2003). Drag Force, Diffusion Coefficient, and Electrical Mobility of Small Particles. I. Theory Applicable to the Free-Molecule Regime. Phys. Rev. E 68:1-9.
18. Liu, B. Y. H., and Pui, D. Y. H. (1974). Electrical Neutralization of Aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci. 5:465-472.
19. Lushnikov, A. A., and Kulmala, M. (2005). A Kinetic Theory of Particle Charging in the Free-Molecule Regime. J. Aerosol Sci. 36:1069-1088.
20. Maricq, M. (2006). A Comparison of Soot Size and Charge Distributions from Ethane, Ethylene, Acetylene, andBenzene/Ethylene Premixed Flames. Comb. Flame 144:730-743.
21. Maricq, M. (2008). Thermal Equilibration of Soot Charge Distributions by Coagulation. J. Aerosol Sci. 39:141-149.
22. Maricq, M. M. (2004). Size and Charge of Soot Particles Inrich Premixed Ethylene Flames. Comb. Flame 137:340-350.
23. Maricq, M. M. (2005). The Dynamics of Electrically Charged Soot Particles in a Premixed Ethylene flame. Combust. Flame 141:406-416.
24. Maricq, M. M. (2009). Electrical Mobility Based Characterization of Bimodal Soot Size Distributions in Rich Premixed Flames, in Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles H. Bockhorn, A. D'Anna, A. F. Sarofim, & H. Wang, eds., Karlsruhe University Press, Karlsruhe, 347-366.
25. Minutolo, P., D'Anna, A., and D'Alessio, A. (2007). On Detection of Nanoparticles Below the Sooting Threshold. Combust. Flame 152:287-292.
26. Minutolo, P., Gambi, G., and D'Alessio, A. (1998). Properties of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles in Flat Premixed C2H4/Air Flames with C/O Ranging from 0.4 to Soot Appearance Limit. Proc. Combust. Inst. 27: 1461-1469.
27. Minutolo, P., Gambi, G., D'Alessio, A., and Carlucci, S. (1999). Spectroscopic Characterisation of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles in Premixed Flames. Atmos. Environ. 33:2725-2732.
28. Onsager, L. (1938). Initial Recombination of Ions. Physical Review 54:554-557.
29. Pui, D.Y. H., Fruin, S., and McMurry, P.H. (1988).Unipolar Diffusion Charging of Ultrafine Aerosols. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 8:173-187.
30. Reischl, G. P., Makela, J. M., Karch, R., and Neid, J. (1996). Bipolar Charging of Ultrafine Particles in the Size Range Below 10 nm. J. Aerosol Sci. 27:931-949.
31. Reischl, G. P., Makela, J. M., and Neid, J. (1997). Performance of Vienna Type Differential Mobility Analyzer at 1.2-20 Nanometer. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 27:651-672.
32. Sgro, L. A., Barone, A. C., Commodo, M., D'Alessio, A., De Filippo, A., Lanzuolo, G., Minutolo, P (2009). Measurement of Nanoparticles of Organic Carbon in Non-Sooting Flame Conditions. Proc. Comb. Inst. 32:689-696.
33. Sgro, L. A., Borghese, A., Speranza, L., Barone, A., Minutolo, P., Bruno, A., D'Anna, A., D'Alessio, A. (2008).Measurement of Nanoparticles of Organic Carbon and Soot in Flames and Vehicle Exhausts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42:859-863.
34. Sgro, L. A., De Filippo, A., Lanzuolo, G., and D'Alessio, A. Characterization of Nanoparticles of Organic Carbon (NOC). Produced in Rich Premixed Flames by Differential Mobility Analysis. Proc. Comb. Inst. 31:631-638 (2007).
35. Shaddix, C. R. (1999). in Proc. The 33rd National Heat Transfer Conference NHTC'99, ASME Books, Alberquerque.
36. Singh, J., Patterson, R. I. A., Kraft, M., and Wang, H. (2006). Numerical Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis of Detailed Soot Particle Size Distribution in Laminar Premixed Ethylene Flames. Combust. Flame 145:117-127.
37. Starik, A. M., Savel'ev, A. M., and Titova, N. S. (2008). Formation of Charged Nanoparticles in Hydrocarbon Flames:Principal Mechanisms. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 17:045012 (8pp). doi:10.1088/0963- 0252/17/4/045012.
38. Stolzenburg,M. (1988). An Ultrafine Aerosol Size DistributionMeasuring System, University of Minnesota, Ph.D. Thesis.
39. Stolzenburg, M. R., and McMurry, P. H. (1991). An Ultrafine Aerosol Condensation Nucleus Counter. Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 14:48-65.
40. Tammet, H. (1995). Size and Mobility of Nanometer Particles, Clusters and Ions. J. Aerosol Sci. 26:459.
41. Wiedensohler,A. (1988).AnApproximation of the Bipolar Charge-Distribution for Particles in the Sub-Micron Size Range. J. Aerosol Sci. 19:387-389.
42. Wiedensohler, A., and Fissan, H. J. (1988). Aerosol Charging in High Purity Gases. J. Aerosol Sci. 19:867-870.
43. Winklmayr, W., Ramamurthi, M., Strydom, R., and Hopke, P. K. (1990). Size Distribution Measurements of Ultrafine Aerosols, dp > 1.8 nm, Formed by Radiolysis in a DMA Aerosol Neutralizer. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 13:394-398.
44. Zhao, B., Yang, Z., Wang, J., Johnston, M. V., and Wang, H. (2003). Analysis of Soot Nanoparticles in a Laminar Premixed Ethylene Flame by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 37:611-620.