Ethnopolitical mobilization in the North Sea Region

Nationalism and Ethnic Politics

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 240-261

  Cartrite, Britt ^a  

^a ALMA COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHNIC CONFLICT; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOPOLITICS; HUMAN RIGHTS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; FAROE ISLANDS; NORTH SEA; ORKNEY; SCOTLAND; SHETLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

ORCADIA;

EID: 77954701724     PISSN: 13537113     EISSN: 15572986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13537113.2010.490759     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Dan Miodownik and Britt Cartrite, "Demarking Political Space: Territoriality and the Ethnoregional Party Family," Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 12(1): 53-82 (2006).
2. Ernest Gellner, "Do Nations Have Navels?" Nations and Nationalism 2(2): 365-70 (1996).
3. Miroslav Hroch, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000 [1968]).
4. Britt Cartrite, "Reclaiming Their Shadow: Ethnopolitical Mobilization in Consolidated Democracies" (unpublished dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2003).
5. This argument derives from Kalyvas's evaluation of the rise of Christian Democracy in Western Europe, see Stathis Kalyvas, The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996).
6. Their distinct Old Norse-derived language, Norn, died out in the late 18th century and there are no attempts to revive this dead language along the lines of, say, Cornish.
7. Tom Nauerby, No Nation is an Island: Language, Culture, and National Identity in the Faroe Islands (Arhus, Denmark: SNAI-North Atlantic Publications, Center for North Atlantic Studies, 1996), 28-9.
8. Jonathan Wylie, The Faroe Islands: Interpretations of History (Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986), 14.
9. The languages derived from Old Norse, while related to Danish, Swedish, and standard Norwegian, are mutually unintelligible with those languages.
10. Nauerby, No Nation, 29.
11. Wylie, Faroe Islands, 25.
12. Ibid., 69-71.
13. Káriá Rógvi, "The Land of Maybe: A Survey of Faroese Constitutional History," in Sjúr{eth}ur Skaale, ed., The Right to National Self-determination: The Faroe Islands and Greenland (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2004), 13-48, 27.
14. Naubury, No Nation, 46.
15. See also Hans Jacob Debes, "The Formation of a Nation: The Faroe Islands," in Sven Tägil, ed., Ethnicity and Nation Building in the Nordic World (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995), 63-84, 72.
16. Rógvi, "Land of Maybe," 35.
17. Debes, "Formation of a Nation," 80.
18. Although a wide range of informal interviews were conducted as part of the fieldwork for this study, for the purposes of this article they serve primarily to validate or challenge conclusions derived from the analysis.
19. Alexander Fenton, The Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd., 1978), 14.
20. Hance D. Smith, Shetland Life and Trade 1550-1914 (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd., 1984),6.
21. Alan Small, "Geographical Location: Environment and History," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 20-31, 28.
22. Barbara E. Crawford, "The Pledging of the Islands in 1469: The Historical Background," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 32-48, 33-6.
23. Gordon Donaldson, "The Scots Settlement in Shetland," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 8-19, 9.
24. Ibid., 13-5.
25. Alistair Goodlad, "Five Centuries of Scotland Fisheries," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 107-118, 107-9.
26. See also Brian Smith, "Shetland, Scandinavia, Scotland, 1300-1700: The Changing Nature of Contact," in Grant G. Simpson, ed., Scotland and Scandinavia 800-1800 (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd., 1990), 25-37, 31-2.
27. John J. Graham, "Social Changes During the Quinquennium," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 224-29, 220.
28. William P. L. Thomson, "Population and Depopulation," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 150-180, 151.
29. Hance D. Smith, Shetland Life, 282.
30. Stuart B. Donald, "Economic Changes Since 1946," in Donald J. Withrington, ed., Shetland and the Outside World 1469-1969 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 198-223, 214-5.
31. Donaldson, "Scots Settlement," 8-9.
32. However, it should be stressed that Miodownik and I argue that the formation of noncompet- itive ethnic parties appears to be an attempt to demark the "territory" as perceived by the political elites prior to attempting to be electorally competitive in any district in cases where the territorial boundary is contested. In the case of Faroe, the territory is unproblematic, thus obviating this functional necessity.
33. Compiled from Wylie and Fenton, Faroe in Statistics 2009. http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/ page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Statistics %20Faroe Islands (accessed July 11, 2009).
34. Shetland in Statistics 2008. http://www.shetland.gov.uk/ (accessed July 11, 2009)
35. Orkney Islands Council. http://www.orkney.gov.uk/nqcontent.cfm?a id=2583 (accessed July 11, 2009).
36. Note that the interviews were conducted prior to the economic collapse of late 2008.
37. Faroe in Statistics.
38. Shetland in Statistics.
39. Orkney Islands Council.
40. Britt Cartrite, "Ethnopolitical Mobilization in Belgium: Whither (Wither) Belgium?" Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 8(3): 43-71 (2002).