Emission factors and exposures from ground-level pyrotechnics

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 44, Issue 27, 2010, Pages 3295-3303

  Croteau, Gerry ^a   Dills, Russell ^a   Beaudreau, Marc ^a   Davis, Mac ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Washington Division of Occupational Safety and Health   (United States)

Author keywords

Consumer fireworks; Emission factor; Exposure monitoring; Pyrotechnics

Indexed keywords

ACENAPHTHYLENE; AIR MONITORING; AIR SAMPLING; CARBON SOURCE; EMISSION FACTORS; EMISSION RATES; EXPOSURE MONITORING; GROUND-LEVEL; INORGANIC IONS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; LOW CORRELATION; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MULTI-EFFECT; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; PARTICLE GENERATION; POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; POTENTIAL EXPOSURE; PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS; TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER;

AIR POLLUTION; ALDEHYDES; BARIUM; BARIUM COMPOUNDS; CARBOHYDRATES; CHARCOAL; CHROMIUM; COMBUSTION; DEBRIS; HEALTH HAZARDS; HYDROCARBONS; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE; LEAD; NAPHTHALENE; ZINC;

PARTICULATE EMISSIONS;

ACROLEIN; ALDEHYDE; ALUMINUM; BARIUM; BISMUTH; CARBOHYDRATE; COPPER; LEAD; MAGNESIUM; NAPHTHALENE; NITROGEN; STRONTIUM; ZINC;

AIR SAMPLING; ALDEHYDE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COMBUSTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); COPPER; EMISSION INVENTORY; GUIDELINE; HEALTH IMPACT; METAL; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PAH; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; POLLUTION MONITORING; REFUSE; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

ARTICLE; COMBUSTION; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 77954656364     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.048     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alenfelt P. Chemical analysis of consumer fireworks. Journal of Pyrotechnics 2000, 11:11-15.
2. American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices 2001, ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH. seventh ed.
3. American Fireworks Standards Laboratory (AFSL) Testing Results 2006, http://www.afsl.org/Testing_Results.htm.
4. American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices 2009, ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH.
5. American Pyrotechnics Association (APA) U.S. Fireworks Consumption Figures 2000-2008 2007, http://www.americanpyro.com/press/facts/FireworksConsumptionFigures.pdf.
6. Andreae M.O., Merlet P. Emissions of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2001, 15:955-966.
7. Attri A.K., Kumar U., Jain V.K. Microclimate - formation of ozone by fireworks. Nature 2001, 411. pp. 1015.
8. Becker J.M., Iskandrian S., Conkling J. Fatal and near-fatal asthma in children exposed to fireworks. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology 2000, 85:512-513.
9. Code of Federal Regulations, 1976. Hazardous substances and articles; Administration and Enforcement regulations, 15 CFR part 1500.
10. Conkling J.A. Pyrotechnics. Kirk-othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2001, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. fifth ed. A. Seidel (Ed.).
11. Damavarapu, R., Klapotke, T.M., Stierstorfer, K.R., Tarantik, K.R. Barium salts of tetrazole derivatives - promising colorants in smokeless pyrotechnic compositions. Prop. Expl. Pyrotech, in press, doi:10.1002/prep.20900058.
12. Drewnick F., Hings S.S., Curtius J., Eerdekens G., Williams J. Measurement of fine particulate and gas-phase species during the New Year's fireworks 2005 in Mainz, Germany. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40:4316-4327.
13. Dutcher D.D., Perry K.D., Cahill T.A., Copeland S.A. Effects of indoor pyrotechnic displays on the air quality in the Houston Astrodome. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 1999, 49:156-160.
14. Dutschke A., Lohrer C., Seeger S., Kurth L. Gaseous and solid reaction products resulting from the burning of indoor fireworks. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 2009, 81:167-176.
15. Fleischer O., Wichmann H., Lorenz W. Release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by setting off fireworks. Chemosphere 1999, 39:925-932.
16. Gong H., Lachenbruch P.A., Harber P., Linn W.S. Comparative short-term health responses to sulfur dioxide exposure and other common stresses in a panel of asthmatics. Toxicology and Industrial Health 1995, 11:467-487.
17. Halford B. Pyrotechnics for the planet. Chemical & Engineering News 2008, 86:14-18.
18. Jenkins B.M., Turn S.Q., Williams R.B., Goronea M., Abd-el-Fattah H., Melschau J., Raubach N., Chang D.P.Y., Kang M., Teague S.V., Raabe O.G., Campbell D.E., Cahill T.A., Pritchett L., Chow J., Jones A.D. Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Factors from Open Burning of Agricultural and Forest Biomass by Wind Tunnel Simulations 1996, vol. 1. California Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, (CARB Project A932-126).
19. Jennings-White C. Lead-free crackling microstars. Pyrotechnica 1992, 14:30-32.
20. Klapotke T.M., Stierstorfer J., Tarantik K.R. Pyrotechnic relevant salts of 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-5-nitriminotetrazole - synthesis and coloring properties. Journal of Pyrotechnics 2009, 28:61-77.
21. Kulshrestha U.C., Rao T.N., Azhaguvel S., Kulshrestha M. Emissions and accumulation of metals in the atmosphere due to crackers and sparkles during Diwali festival in India. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:4421-4425.
22. Lemieux P.M., Ryan J.V. Characterization of air pollutants emitted from a simulated scrap tire fire. Air and Waste 1993, 43:1106-1115.
23. Lemieux P.M., Lutes C.C., Abbott J.A., Aldous K.M. Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from the open burning of household waste in barrels. Environmental Science & Technology 2000, 34:377-384.
24. Lemieux P.M. Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning of Household Waste in Barrels 1997, EPA-600/R-97-134a (vol. 1), and EPA-600/R-97-134b (vol. 2), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
25. Lutes C.C., Kariher P.H. Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning of Land-Clearing Debris 1997, EPA-600/R-96-128, National Risk Management Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
26. McMahon C.K., Tsoukalas S.N. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in forest fire smoke. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1978, vol. 3:61-73. Raven Press, New York. P.W. Jones, R.I. Freudenthal (Eds.).
27. Moreno T., Querol X., Alastuey A., Minguillon M.C., Pey J., Rodriguez S., Miro J.V., Felis C., Gibbons W. Recreational atmospheric pollution episodes: inhalable metalliferous particles from firework displays. Atmospheric Environment 2007, 41:913-922.
28. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 1994, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (NIOSH) Publication, 94-113. fourth ed..
29. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Code for Fireworks Display 2006 Edition 2006, NFPA, 1123.
30. Pekguleryuz M. Melting, alloying and refining. Magnesium Technology - Metallurgy, Design Data, Applications 2006, Springer-Verlag, New York. H.E. Friedrich, B.L. Mordike (Eds.).
31. Perry K.D. Effects of outdoor pyrotechnic displays on the regional air quality of western WashingtonState. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 1999, 49:146-155.
32. Radojevic M. Chemistry of forest fires and regional haze with emphasis on Southeast Asia. Pure Applied Geophysics 2003, 160:157-187.
33. Ravindra K., Mor S., Kaushik C.P. Short-term variation in air quality associated with firework events: a case study. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2003, 5:260-264.
34. Schmeltz I., Hoffmann D. Formation of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion of organic matter. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1976, vol. 1. Raven Press, New York. P.W. Jones, R.I. Freudenthal (Eds.).
35. Shimizu T.., 2004. Chemical composition of fireworks compositions, in: Kosanke, K. et al. (Eds.), Pyrotechnic Chemistry, Pyrotechnic Reference Series No. 4, Journal of Pyrotechnics, (Whitewater, CO).
36. Steinhauser G., Klapotke T.M. " Green" pyrotechnics: a chemists' challenge. Angewandte Chemie 2008, 47:3330-3347.
37. Steinhauser G., Klapotke T.M. A lesson in eco-firendly pyrotechnics. J. Chem. Educ 2010, 87:150-156.
38. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) Method TO-17: determination of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using active sampling onto Sorbent tubes. Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air 1999, EPA/625/R-96-010b, Center for Environmental Research Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. second ed..
39. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846 2007, Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, WashingtonDC.
40. U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Nitric Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (Method No. ID-190) 1991, http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id190/id190.html.
41. U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hexavalent Chromium (Method ID-215, version 2) 2006, http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id215_v2/id215_v2.html.
42. van der Kamp D., McKendry I., Wong M., Stull R. LIDAR ceilometer observations and modeling of a fireworks plume in Vancouver, British Columbia. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:7174-7178.
43. Vecchi R., Bernardoni V., Cricchio D., D'Alessandro A., Fermo P., Lucarelli F., Nava S., Plazzalunga A., Valli G. The impact of fireworks on airborne particles. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:1121-1132.
44. Wang Y., Zhuang G., Xu C., Zhisheng A. The air pollution caused by the burning of fireworks during the lantern festival in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment 2007, 41:417-431.
45. Wehner B., Wiedensohler A., Heintzenberg J. Submicrometer aerosol size distributions and mass concentration of the millennium fireworks 2000 in Leipzig, Germany. Journal of Aerosol Science 2000, 31:1489-1493.