Fiji's worst natural disaster: The 1931 hurricane and flood

Disasters

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 657-683

  Yeo, Stephen W ^a   Blong, Russell J ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fiji; Flood disaster; Flood fatalities; Hazard; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

FLOOD DAMAGE; FLOODING; FLOODPLAIN; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HURRICANE; NATURAL DISASTER; RISK ASSESSMENT; STORM DAMAGE; VULNERABILITY;

AGE; ARTICLE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; FIJI; FLOODING; GEOGRAPHY; HISTORY; HUMAN; HURRICANE; MALE; MORTALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICS;

AGE FACTORS; CYCLONIC STORMS; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; FIJI; FLOODS; GEOGRAPHY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX FACTORS;

FIJI; VITI LEVU;

EID: 77954655143     PISSN: 03613666     EISSN: 14677717     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01163.x     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Alexander D. Symbolic and Practical Interpretations of the Hurricane Katrina Disaster in New Orleans: Understanding Katrina: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. 2006, http://understandingkatrina.ssrc.org/Alexander/, In
2. Rodda P. A Legend from Fiji: the Flood 1995, Anonymous, and, Suva, Fiji, Mineral Resources Department
3. Black RD. Flood Proofing Rural Residences 1975, Ithaca, NY, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cornell University
4. Blong RJ. Natural Perils and Integrated Risk Assessment in Fiji 1994, Denistone, Australia, Blong and Associates
5. Bryant JJ. Poverty in Fiji: Who Are the Urban Poor. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 1992, 13((2)):90-102. pp.
6. Burton I, Kates RW, White GF. The Environment as Hazard 1978, 1st edn., New York, Oxford University Press
7. Burton I, Kates RW, White GF. The Environment as Hazard 1993, 2nd edn., New York, The Guilford Press
8. Bytheway B. The Evacuation of Older People: The Case of Hurricane Katrina: Understanding Katrina: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. 2007, http://understandingkatrina.ssrc.org/Bytheway/, In
9. Campbell JR. Dealing with Disaster: Hurricane Response in Fiji 1984, Honolulu, Government of Fiji and Pacific Islands Development Program
10. Campbell JR. Disaster Losses in the Pacific: Are They Increasing. Disaster Housing: Proceedings of the South Pacific Regional Conference Held at the PNG University of Technology, Lae, 16-18 June 1994 1995, 1-18. Kaitilla S. Madang, Papua New Guinea, Kristen Press.
11. Cannon T. Vulnerability Analysis and the Explanation of " Natural" Disasters. Disasters, Development and Environment 1994, 13-30. Varley A. Chichester, UK, Wiley.
12. Chan NW. Choice and Constraints in Floodplain Occupation: The Influence of Structural Factors on Residential Location in Peninsular Malaysia. Disasters 1995, 19((4)):287-307. pp.
13. Chowdury AMR. The Bangladesh Cyclone of 1991: Why So Many People Died. Disasters 1993, 17((4)):291-303. pp.
14. Coates L. Flood Fatalities in Australia, 1788-1996. Australian Geographer 1999, 30((3)):391-408. pp.
15. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Rarawai Letter number 852. 1918, CSR (Colonial Sugar Refining), 13 February. File 142/2640. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
16. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Nausori Letter number 897. 1929, CSR, 23 December. M85 Reel 125. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
17. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Rarawai Letter numbers 1 and 2. 1931a, CSR, 12 March. M85 Reel 145. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
18. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Rarawai Letter number 16. 23 June. M85 Reel 145 1931b, CSR, Canberra, Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
19. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Lautoka Letter number 514. 1931c, CSR, 12 March. M85 Reel 132. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
20. The Great Hurricane and Flood at Ba, Fiji, in 1931. 1931d, CSR, CSR Sydney Library Archives Section Files. F1/F1/D8, Z303 Box 49. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
21. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Nausori Letter number 969. 1931e, CSR, 21 February. M85 Reel 125. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
22. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Nausori Letter number 970. 1931f, CSR, 11 March. M85 Reel 125. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
23. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Rarawai Letter number 33, 17 February. 1931g, CSR, M85 Reel 145, Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
24. CSR Head Office Correspondence, Rarawai Letter number 430. 1939, CSR, 25 April. M85 Reel 146. Canberra: Noel Butlin Archives Centre, Australian National University
25. Dale KW. Structural Flood Vulnerability and the Australianisation of Black's Curves. Risk 2004 Conference Proceedings, 8-10 November 2004 2004, Melbourne, Risk Engineering Society
26. Derrick RA. The Fiji Islands: A Geographical Handbook 1951, Suva, Fiji, Government Printing Department
27. Elsner JB, Kossin JP, Jagger TH. The Increasing Intensity of the Strongest Tropical Cyclones. Nature 2008, 455:92-95. pp.
28. 2007 Population and Housing Census: Second Release of Provisional Findings. 2007, Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics, Press Release No. 53. 7 November. Suva, Fiji: Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics
29. The Hurricane from the Ba Coast. 1871, 4. Fiji Times and Herald, 1 April., p.
30. 1931a, 4. Fiji Times and Herald, 19 February., p.
31. 1931b, 4. Fiji Times and Herald, 20 February., p.
32. 1931c, 4. Fiji Times and Herald, 21 February, p.
33. 1931d, 4. Fiji Times and Herald, 17 February, p.
34. Fiji Census, 1921'. Council Paper No. 2. In Fiji Colonial Secretary's Office. Census Reports 1891-1956 1922, FLC (Fiji Legislative Council), Suva, Fiji, Central Archives of Fiji and the Western Pacific High Commission. Available as microfilm from National Library of Australia, Canberra
35. Hurricane and Floods, February, 1931. 1931, FLC, Council Paper No. 23. Suva, Fiji: Fiji National Archives
36. Secretariat for Indian Affairs, Annual Report 1931. 1932, FLC, Council Paper No. 13. Suva, Fiji: Fiji National Archives
37. A Report on the Fiji Census, 1936'. Council Paper No. 42 by W. Burrows. In Fiji Colonial Secretary's Office. Census Reports 1891-1956 1936, FLC, Suva, Fiji, Central Archives of Fiji and the Western Pacific High Commission. Available as microfilm from National Library of Australia, Canberra
38. The Climate of Fiji. 2009, http://www.met.gov.fj, FMS (Fiji Meteorological Service), Accessed 2 January 2009
39. Report on Cyclonic Storms and Floods in Fiji-17th February to 4th March, 1931. 1931a, FNA (Fiji National Archives), Letter from Harbour Master Suva (E.W.G. Twentyman) to Colonial Secretary. Secretariat Files F81/10. 28 March
40. A Probable Explanation of the Catastrophe in the Fijian Village of Naqaqa in the District of Lautoka. 1931b, FNA, Letter from Governor's Commissioner to Colonial Secretary. Secretariat Files 81/4. 17 June
41. Half-yearly Reports-Ba. 1931c, FNA, Report for the quarter ended 31/3/31. Secretariat Files F10/7. 28 April
42. Storm and Flood Damage: Lautoka, Ba and North West Coast. 1931d, FNA, Letter from District Commissioner Ba to Colonial Secretary. Secretariat Files F81/4. 26 March
43. Magisterial Districts. 1931e, FNA, Summary of hurricane and flood damage. Secretariat Files F81/10
44. Storm and Flood Damage: Lautoka, Ba and North West Coast. 1931f, FNA, Letter from Secretary for Indian Affairs to Colonial Secretary. Secretariat Files F81/4. 14 April
45. Tropical Storms 29th-31st January and 25th-27th February 1956. 1956, FNA, Letter from District Officer Ba/Tavua to District Commissioner Western Lautoka. Secretariat Files F81/20/24. 28 February
46. Fothergill A, Maestas EGM, Darlington JD. Race, Ethnicity and Disasters in the United States: A Review of the Literature. Disasters 1999, 23((2)):156-73. pp.
47. Fiji Poverty Report: A Summary 1997, Government of Fiji, Suva, Fiji, Government of Fiji and the United Nations Development Programme
48. Gravelle K. Fiji's Times: A History of Fiji 1979, 108-112. Suva, Fiji, Fiji Times and Herald.
49. Hamnett MP. Natural Disaster Mitigation in Pacific Island Countries: A Policy Guide for Planners and Decision-Makers 1995, Suva, Fiji, South Pacific Disaster Reduction Programme and the United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs
50. Hasan MR. Fiji Watershed Management Study: Hydrology of Rewa and Ba Watersheds. 1986, FIJ/86/001 Field Document 4. Suva, Fiji: United Nations Development Programme/Food and Agriculture Organization
51. Interpretations of Calamity from the Viewpoint of Human Ecology 1983, Hewitt K. Boston, Allen and Unwin
52. Jonkman SN, Kelman I. An Analysis of the Causes and Circumstances of Flood Disaster Deaths. Disasters 2005, 29((1)):75-97. pp.
53. Kaloumaira A. Fiji Country Case Study: Impacts and Responses to the 1997-98 El Niño Event. Once Burned, Twice Shy? Lessons Learned from the 1997-98 El Niño 2001, 101-14. Glantz M. Tokyo, United Nations University.
54. Kates RW. Hazard and Choice Perception in Flood Plain Management. 1962, Department of Geography Research Paper No. 78. Chicago: University of Chicago
55. Keys C. Making Communities Safer in Times of Flood: The Story of the Floodplain Management Authorities of New South Wales 2008, Greenbank, Australia, Floodplain Management Authorities
56. Kossin JP. A Globally Consistent Reanalysis of Hurricane Variability and Trends. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34:LA04815.
57. Lustig T, Maher M. Sustainable Floodplain Management Plans. Australian Journal of Emergency Management 1997, 12((3)):10-17. pp.
58. Report on Tropical Cyclone Ami 2003, NDMO (National Disaster Management Office), Suva, Fiji, Ministry of Regional Development
59. O'Keefe P, Westgate K, Wisner B. Taking the Naturalness out of Natural Disasters. Nature 1976, 260:566-67. pp.
60. Rethinking Disasters: Why Death and Destruction Is Not Nature's Fault but Human Failure 2008, Oxfam International, New Delhi, South Asia Regional Centre, Oxfam (India) Trust
61. Big Hurricane Strikes Fiji. 1931, 7. Pacific Islands Monthly, March, p.
62. Parker DJ. Introduction to Floods and Flood Management. Floods 2000, Vol. 1:3-39. Parker DJ. London and New York, Routledge.
63. Prasad R. Tears in Paradise: Unveiled-Suffering and Struggles of Indians in Fiji, 1879-2004 2006, Revised edn, Auckland, Glade Publishers
64. Ravuvu A. Vaka i Taukei: The Fijian Way of Life 1983, Suva, Fiji, Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific
65. Smith K, Ward R. Floods: Physical Processes and Human Impacts 1998, Chichester, UK, Wiley
66. Smith N. There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster: Understanding Katrina: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. 2006, http://understandingkatrina.ssrc.org/Smith/, Accessed 18 August 2008
67. Indian's Sad Loss. 1931a, 19. South Seas Weekly, 21 March, p.
68. Sigatoka Floods. 1931b, 12. South Seas Weekly, 7 March, p.
69. River Hardships. 1931c, 13-14. South Seas Weekly, 14 March.
70. The Upper River. 1931d, 4. South Seas Weekly, 28 February, p.
71. Swept By Hurricane. 1931e, 12. South Seas Weekly, 28 March, p.
72. Terminology: Basic Terms of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2009, http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/libterminology-eng.htm, UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), Accessed 2 January 2009
73. Usher L. Mainly about Fiji: Selected Writings, Broadcasts and Speeches, 1930-1987 1987, Suva, Fiji, Fiji Times
74. Ward RG. Plus ça change ... Plantations, Tenants, Proletarians or Peasants in Fiji. Of Time and Place: Essays in Honour of O.H.K. Spate 1980, 134-52. Jennings JNLinge GJR. Canberra, Australian National University Press.
75. Webster PJ. Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration and Intensity in a Warming Environment. Science 2005, 309:1844-46. pp.
76. Wisner B. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters 2003, 2nd edn., London and New York, Routledge
77. Wither B. Fiji's Easter Present from " Wally'" Soil and Water 1980, 16((4)):19-21. pp.
78. Yeo SW. A Tale of Two Floods: 1931 and 1993, Ba River, Fiji. Proceedings of Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction, Gold Coast, Australia, 29 September-2 October 1996 1996a, 287-92. Heathcote RLCuttler CKoetz J. Barton, The Institution of Engineers Australia.
79. Yeo SW. Living (and Dying) with Floods, Rarawai Sugar Mill, Ba, Fiji. Flood Management Workshop Proceedings, 4-6 November 1996 1996b, Cairns, Australia, Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland
80. Yeo SW. Disasters, Dredging and Development: Approaches to Flood Management in the Ba River Valley, Fiji. Proceedings of the Disasters and Development Session, VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress, 13-19 July 1997 1997, 84-103. Planitz AChung J. Suva, Fiji, University of the South Pacific, United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs-South Pacific Programme Office.
81. Yeo SW. Natural and Human Controls on Flood Damages in the Ba River Valley, Fiji 1998, Unpublished PhD thesis, Sydney, Natural Hazards Research Centre, Macquarie University
82. Yeo SW. The Ba Community Flood Preparedness Project. 2000, SOPAC Technical Report 309. Suva, Fiji: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
83. Yeo SW. A Review of Flooding in Macuata Province, Fiji Islands: April 2000. 2001, SOPAC Technical Report 328. Suva, Fiji: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
84. Yeo SW, Blong RJ, McAneney KJ. Flooding in Fiji: Findings from a 100-year Historical Series. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2007, 52((5)):1004-15. pp.