Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in black nylon and other food-contact materials, 2004-2009

Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A

Volumn 27, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1325-1335

  Trier, X ^a   Okholm, B ^b   Foverskov, A ^a   Binderup, M L ^a   Petersen, J H ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b DANISH VETERINARY AND FOOD ADMINISTRATION   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Colours; Diffusion; Food simulants; Food contact materials; Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS); Migration; Regulations; Risk assessment; Survey

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLANILINE; 2,4 DIAMINOTOLUENE; 2,6 DIAMINOTOLUENE; 4 BIPHENYLAMINE; 4 CHLOROANILINE; 4,4' METHYLENEDIANILINE; ACETIC ACID; ANILINE; AZO DYE; BENZIDINE; BLACK NYLON; NYLON; PHENYLENEDIAMINE; PLASTIC; POLYAMIDE; POLYCARBONATE; POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; AMINE;

ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; COMPUTER MODEL; DENMARK; DIFFUSION; FOOD CONTAMINATION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; KITCHEN; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; VALIDITY; CHEMISTRY; FOOD;

AMINES; FOOD; NYLONS;

EID: 77954641914     PISSN: 19440049     EISSN: 14645122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.487500     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bart JCJ. 2005. Additives in polymers: Industrial analysis and applications. Chichester (UK): Wiley.
2. Brauer B, Funke T. 2001. Determination of primary aromatic amines in migratory solution. Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschau. 87:280-281.
3. Brauer B, Funke T. 2002. Specific determination of primary aromatic amines in aqueous migration solutions from food contact articles. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau. 98:405-411.
4. Brede C, Skjevrak I. 2004. Migration of aniline from polyamide cooking utensils into food simulants. Food Addit Contam. 21:1115-1124.
5. Brede C, Skjevrak I, Herikstad H. 2003. Determination of primary aromatic amines in water food simulant using solid-phase analytical derivatization followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 98:35-42.
6. European Commission. 2002a. Commission Directive 2002/72/EC (with amendments) relating to plastic materials and articles intended to into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union (2002)L. 220:18.
7. European Commission. 2002b. Commission Directive 2002/ 657/EC implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC con- cerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. Off J Eur Comm L. 221:8.
8. European Commission. 2003. A practical guide for users of European Directives (updated to 15 April 2003). DG SANCO D3/LR D, Annex I, Mathematical Models. Available from: http://crl-fcm.jrc.it/files/PRACTICAL%20GUIDE%20_2003.04.15__annex%201%20modelling.pdf/
9. European Commission. 2007a. (Corrigendum to) Commission Directive 2007/19/EC of 30 March 2007 amending Directive 2002/72/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and Council Directive 85/572/EEC laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union L 91:50.
10. European Commission. 2007a. DG (SANCO)/2007-7572 - MR final. Final report of a mission carried out in China from 16 to 26 April 2007 in order to assess the official control system in place for food contact materials for export into the European Union to prevent migration of their constituents into food. Brussels (Belgium): European Commission Health and Consumer Protection, Directorate-General Directorate F - Food and Veterinary Office. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/rep_details_en.cfm?rep_id=1827#/
11. European Commission. 2009. Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) - RASFF portal - online searchable database. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/rasff_portal_database_en.htm/
12. European Committee for Standardisation (CEN). 2004. Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics substances subject to limitation - Part 1: Guide to test methods for the specific migration of substances from plastics to foods and food simulants and the determination of substances in plastics and the selection of conditions of exposure to food simulants. European Standard EN13130-1:2004:E. Brussels (Belgium): CEN.
13. European Economic Community (EEC). 1982. Council Directive 82/711/EEC of 18 October 1982 laying down the basic rules necessary for testing migration of the constituents plastics materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union L. 297:26, (amendments 93/8/EEC and 97/48/EC).
14. European Economic Community (EEC). 1985. Council Directive 85/572/EEC of 19 December 1985 laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union L. 372:14.
15. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on a request from EFSA related to a harmonised approach for risk assessment of substances which are both genotoxic and carcinogenic. EFSA J. 282:1-31.
16. Food Standards Agency (FSA). 2007. Development, valida- tion and application of a HPLC-MS-MS method for the determination of primary aromatic amines (PAAs). Project A03060. London (UK): FSA. Available from: http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/science/research/researchinfo/contaminantsresearch/contactmaterials/a03prog/a03projlist/a03060/
17. Forschungs-GmbH fur Analytil und Bewertung von Stoffubergangen (FABES), Schragenhofstrasse 35, 80992 Munchen. Repeated personal consultations concerning predictive migration modelling 2006-2009.
18. Kappenstein O, Otter T, Pfaff K, Weyer J, Tentschert J. 2009. Migration of primary atomatic amines (PAAs) from kitchen utensils. Report of the interlaboratory comparison organised by the German National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials. Berlin (Germany): Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR).
19. Lancaster FE, Lawrence JF. 1999. Determination of benzidine in the food colours tartrazine and sunset yellow FCF, by reduction and derivatization followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Addit Contam. 9:381-390.
20. Lattimer RP, Williams RC. 2002. Low temperature pyrolysis products form a poly-ether-based urethane. J Anal App Pyrolysis. 63:85-104.
21. Lawson G, Bartky CT, Lawson C. 1996. Contaminant migration from food packaging laminates used for heat and eat meals. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 354:483-489.
22. Lawson G, Bartram S, Fitchner S, Woodland ED. 1999. MALDI-MS and colorimetric analysis of diisocyanate and polyol migrants from model polyurethane adhesives used in food packaging. Analyst. 125:115-118.
23. Monsanto. 1989. Patent No. 449103 filed 12 July 1989 by Monsanto.
24. Mortensen SK, Trier XT, Foverskov A, Petersen JH. 2005. Specific determination of 20 primary aromatic amines in aqueous food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1091:40-50.
25. Perharic L, Golja V. Zoric A, Luci M. 2006. Primary aromatic amines in kitchen utensils in Slovenia. Poster presented at Eurotox 2006/6; Cavtat/Dubrovnik, Croatio; 20-24 September 2006.
26. Simoneau C on behalf of the CRL-NRL-FCM Network. 2009. Guidelines on testing conditions for articles in contact with foodstuffs (1st edition with a focus on kitchenware). EUR 23814 EN. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Available from: http://crl-fcm.jrc.it/files/guidelines%20test%20conditions_final_ed2009pdf/
27. Skjevrak I, Brede C, Steffensen I-L, Mikalsen A, Alexander J, Fjeldal P, Herikstad H. 2005. Non-targeted multi-component analytical surveillance of plastic food contact materials: identification of substances not included in EU positive lists and their risk assessment. Food Addit Contam. 11:1012-1022.
28. Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM). 2006. Risk assessment of health hazards from 4,4′-methylene dianiline (4,4′-MDA) migrated from polyamide cooking utensils. Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids, Materials in Contact with Food and Cosmetics of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, 11 January. Available from: http://www.vkm.no/dav/049c78df45.pdf/
29. Voyksner RD, Straub R, Keever JT. 1993. Determination of aromatic amines originating from azo dyes by chemical reduction combined with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol. 27: 1665-1672.