South Africa's space program

Astropolitics

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 35-48

  Gottschalk, Keith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77954640881     PISSN: 14777622     EISSN: 15572943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2010.496528     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Desmond Prout-Jones, Cracking the Sky. A History of Rocket Science in South Africa (Pretoria: UNISA Press, 2002).
2. and Desmond Prout-Jones, interview by author, 7 July 2009.
3. Mike Gaylard, HartRao, Programme Leader, briefing, 12 December 2008.
4. SAAF Museum exhibit, Swartkop, viewed December 2008.
5. On the Israeli Government cabinet decision, see Deganit Paikowsky, "The Israeli Space Effort-Logic and Motivations," 60th International Astronautical Congress, Daejeon, Korea, October 2009.
6. Japie Venter, Overberg Test Range Project Development Manager, briefing, 24 May 2007.
7. Also, see http://www.astronautix.com/craft/greensat.htm (accessed May 2007).
8. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/rsa/htm (accessed June 2009).
9. Marlene Burger, "South Africa Sought Nuclear Strike Capability in mid-1970s," This Day, Johannesburg edition, 13 November 2003.
10. Allister Sparks, "Tale of Bomb Trigger in Tea Chest Rings True: Israel Offer to Sell SA Jericho Missile," Business Day, 3 June 2010.
11. and Sasha Polakow-Suransky, The Unspoken Relationship: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa (New York: Pantheon, 2010).
12. See http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jericho.htm (accessed March 2010).
13. RSA as in Republic of South Africa.
14. See The South African Rocket & Space Programme, Aeronautical Society of South Africa, http://www.aessa.org.za/index.php?view=article&catid=1:latest-news&id=51:saspaceprogramme&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=72 (accessed May 2010).
15. Israeli authorities have commissioned their first full-length history of Israel's space program. While this will remain classified, it is probable that a summary could be placed in the public domain.
16. All but 28 persons had to be retrenched by 1997; a few emigrated, some retired, most found jobs in industry or research, or at university engineering faculties.
17. Chris Alden, "South Africa's Space Programme: Past and Present," Strategic Review for Southern Africa 29 (May 2007): 42.
18. See http://www.csir.co.za (accessed March 2010).
19. See http://www.issa.org.za (personal observation 24 May 2007; accessed March 2010).
20. Also, see OTB Multipurpose Test Range, brochure; and http://www.af.mil.za/bases/afb_overberg/TFDC.htm (accessed March 2010).
21. G. Struthers, South African Air Force Test Flight and Development Centre Chief Engineer, briefing, 24 May 2007. See http://www.af.mil.za/bases/af_overberg/TFDC.htm (accessed March 2010).
22. Theo Roos, CSIR, turbine engineer, briefing, 2007.
23. See http://www.acsa.co.za/home.asp?pid=237; and http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Low_Orange/ upington.htm (both accessed March 2010).
24. Keith Gottschalk, "Space Policy and South African Astronomy," Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa 49:11/12 (1990): 174-177.
25. and Keith Gottschalk, "Astronomy, the Science Movement and Politics in the Future of South Africa," Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa 51:7/8 (1992): 65-75.
26. Jo-Ansie Van Wyk, "From the Great Trek to Star Trek? South Africa's Evolving Space Policy and Space Interests," Electronic Briefing Paper 51 (2005), Centre for International Political Studies, South Africa.
27. and Jo-Ansie Van Wyk, "South Africa's Space Interests: Universalism Redefined?" South African Foreign Policy Monitor (June-July 2007).
28. See http:/www.skatelescope.org (accessed March 2010).
29. The development of a South African space agency is already a decade behind the Algerian Space Agency (ASAL), founded 2002, and Nigeria's National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), founded 1998. See Keith Campbell, "Lost in Space? Not Quite, but SA Falls Behind Key African Contenders," Engineering News: 13-19 (May 2005):16, 17, 77.
30. See Republic of South Africa, Department of Trade & Industry, Space Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, 2008.
31. and Republic of South Africa, Department of Trade & Industry, South Africa's National Space Policy, 2009.
32. Republic of South Africa, South African Council for Space Affairs, 2007.
33. Peter Martinez, Space Working Group, astronomer and convenor, briefing, 13 July 2009. Also, see http:/www.space.gov.za (accessed March 2010).
34. Keith Gottschalk, "The Political Uses of Astronomy," African Skies/Cieux Africains (June 2007).
35. See http://www.saao.ac.za (accessed March 2010).
36. Peter Martinez, "Space Science and Technology in South Africa: An Overview," African Skies/Cieux Africains (October 2008): 46-49.
37. Republic of South Africa, Department of Trade & Industry, "Public and Private Sector Space Activities in South Africa," 2008.
38. See http://wits.ac.za/Academic/Centres/NACoE/home.htm (accessed March 2010).
39. See http://www.amts.co.za (accessed March 2010).
40. See http://www.markshuttleworth.com/biography; and http://www.tsf.org.za (both accessed March 2010).
41. See http://www.saao.ac.za/assa (accessed March 2010).
42. See http://www.rocketry.co.za; and http://www.amsatsa.org.za (both accessed March 2010).
43. See http://www.spacesa.org (accessed March 2010).
44. See http://www.space.gov.za/conferences/alc2007/ALC2007_Information_Note.pdf (accessed March 2010).
45. The most significant African agency not yet included in ARM is Egypt's remote sensing center, the National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science.
46. See http://www.nepadst.org (accessed March 2010).
47. See http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/index/index.htm (accessed May 2010).
48. See http://www.rascom.org (accessed March 2010).
49. Confederation of Indian Industry, "CII Defence Industry Mission to South Africa," CII Communiqué (November 2001).
50. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Acceptance Speech at State Banquet, South Africa, 15 September 2004.
51. Val Munsami, then Director, International Relations, DST, personal communication, 2009.
52. Presumably, the withdrawal was due to budgetary constraints. The Russian defense department then refused to launch the South African satellite. It was only after protracted delays that a Russian civil agency ultimately launched it. See Keith Campbell, "SA Spy-Satellite Programme Accidently Exposed?" 8 February 2008, www.defensanet.com.br/space1/sa_ru_e.htm (accessed March 2010).
53. Keith Gottschalk, "IBSA in Space: Strategy for Global Cooperative Advantage," in R. K. Sharma and V. Ramanujachari, et al., eds., Challenges in High Speed Transatmospheric Air & Space Transportation. (Hyderabad: Aeronautical Society of India & Astronautical Society of India, 2007): 25-34.
54. Keith Gottschalk, "The Roles of Africa's Institutions in Ensuring Africa's Active Participation in the Space Enterprise: The Case for an African Space Agency (ASA)," African Skies/Cieux Africains (January 2008): 20-22.