메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 85-91

HIV, antiretroviral therapies, and the brain

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; CNS; HIV 1; Impairment; Neurocognition

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR; DARUNAVIR; DARUNAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; DELAVIRDINE; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; ELVITEGRAVIR; EMTRICITABINE; ETRAVIRINE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; INDINAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; MARAVIROC; MRKI; N [4 [[[6,7 DIHYDRO 2 (4 METHYLPHENYL) 5H BENZOCYCLOHEPTEN 8 YL]CARBONYL]AMINO]BENZYL] N,N DIMETHYL 2H TETRAHYDROPYRAN 4 AMINIUM CHLORIDE; NANOPARTICLE; PEPTIDE T; RALTEGRAVIR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAQUINAVIR; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VICRIVIROC; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 77954624248     PISSN: 15483568     EISSN: 15483576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-010-0042-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (65)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 35848953181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
    • Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al.: Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007, 69:1789-1799.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1789-1799
    • Antinori, A.1    Arendt, G.2    Becker, J.T.3
  • 2
    • 34548208844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era
    • Robertson KR, Smurzynski M, Parsons TD, et al.: The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era. AIDS 2007, 21:1915-1921.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1915-1921
    • Robertson, K.R.1    Smurzynski, M.2    Parsons, T.D.3
  • 3
    • 77954620456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of CNS antiretroviral distribution on neurocognitive impairment in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) Study
    • The ACTG ALLRT study yields evidence that higher-ranking CPE regimens correlate with neurocognitive improvement.
    • •• Ellis R: Effects of CNS antiretroviral distribution on neurocognitive impairment in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) Study. In 134th Annual Meeting of the American Neurolological Association. Baltimore, MD; October 11-14, 2009. The ACTG ALLRT study yields evidence that higher-ranking CPE regimens correlate with neurocognitive improvement.
    • (2009) 134th Annual Meeting of the American Neurolological Association. Baltimore, MD; October , pp. 11-14
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 4
    • 64349118898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: A collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies
    • Sterne JA, May M, Costagliola D, et al.: Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies. Lancet 2009, 373:1352-1363.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 1352-1363
    • Sterne, J.A.1    May, M.2    Costagliola, D.3
  • 5
    • 69549110328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cognition during antiretroviral therapy: Comparison of 2 different ranking systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
    • Tozzi V, Balestra P, Salvatori MF, et al.: Changes in cognition during antiretroviral therapy: comparison of 2 different ranking systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009, 52:56-63.
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.52 , pp. 56-63
    • Tozzi, V.1    Balestra, P.2    Salvatori, M.F.3
  • 6
    • 68449083930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance
    • Marra CM, Zhao Y, Clifford DB, et al.: Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance. AIDS 2009, 23:1359-1366.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1359-1366
    • Marra, C.M.1    Zhao, Y.2    Clifford, D.B.3
  • 7
    • 77951468353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive effects of treatment interruption in stable HIV + patients in an observational cohort: ACTG 5170
    • The ACTG 5170 study found that patients discontinuing HAART experienced NP improvement, raising the possibility that ART may have neurotoxic effects
    • • Robertson K, Zhaohui, S, Margolis, DM, et al.: Neurocognitive effects of treatment interruption in stable HIV + patients in an observational cohort: ACTG 5170. Neurology 2010, In press. The ACTG 5170 study found that patients discontinuing HAART experienced NP improvement, raising the possibility that ART may have neurotoxic effects.
    • (2010) Neurology
    • Robertson, K.1    Zhaohui, S.2    Margolis, D.M.3
  • 8
    • 77954623802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised CNS penetration-effectiveness ranks
    • San Francisco, CA; The updated CPE rankings divide ART drugs into four categories of penetration: high, high-intermediate, low-intermediate, and low.
    • •• Letendre S: Revised CNS penetration-effectiveness ranks. In 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, CA; 2010. The updated CPE rankings divide ART drugs into four categories of penetration: high, high-intermediate, low-intermediate, and low.
    • (2010) 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Letendre, S.1
  • 9
    • 70249125482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HAART and CNS-penetrating antiretroviral regimens on HIV encephalopathy among perinatally infected children and adolescents
    • Patel K, Ming X, Williams PL, et al.: Impact of HAART and CNS-penetrating antiretroviral regimens on HIV encephalopathy among perinatally infected children and adolescents. AIDS 2009, 23:1893-1901.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1893-1901
    • Patel, K.1    Ming, X.2    Williams, P.L.3
  • 10
    • 38349068747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system
    • Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E, et al.: Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol 2008, 65:65-70.
    • (2008) Arch Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 65-70
    • Letendre, S.1    Marquie-Beck, J.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 11
    • 68249156652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy
    • Cysique LA, Vaida F, Letendre S, et al.: Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Neurology 2009, 73:342-348.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 342-348
    • Cysique, L.A.1    Vaida, F.2    Letendre, S.3
  • 12
    • 73549087233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of antiretrovirals: An update
    • Dickinson L, Khoo S, Back D: Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of antiretrovirals: an update. Antiviral Res 2009, 85:176-189.
    • (2009) Antiviral Res , vol.85 , pp. 176-189
    • Dickinson, L.1    Khoo, S.2    Back, D.3
  • 13
    • 70149119217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection
    • Yilmaz A, Gisslen M, Spudich S, et al.: Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2009, 4:e6877.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Gisslen, M.2    Spudich, S.3
  • 14
    • 64849104906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darunavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Yilmaz A, Izadkhashti A, Price RW, et al.: Darunavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009, 25:457-461.
    • (2009) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.25 , pp. 457-461
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Izadkhashti, A.2    Price, R.W.3
  • 15
    • 72949113630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid maraviroc concentrations in HIV-1 infected patients
    • Yilmaz A, Watson V, Else L, Gisslen M: Cerebrospinal fluid maraviroc concentrations in HIV-1 infected patients. AIDS 2009, 23:2537-2540.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 2537-2540
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Watson, V.2    Else, L.3    Gisslen, M.4
  • 16
    • 53849094834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical assessment of the distribution of maraviroc to potential human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sanctuary sites in the central nervous system (CNS) and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
    • Walker DK, Bowers SJ, Mitchell RJ, et al.: Preclinical assessment of the distribution of maraviroc to potential human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sanctuary sites in the central nervous system (CNS) and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Xenobiotica 2008, 38:1330-1339.
    • (2008) Xenobiotica , vol.38 , pp. 1330-1339
    • Walker, D.K.1    Bowers, S.J.2    Mitchell, R.J.3
  • 17
    • 33846848061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for intranasal delivery of therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of neuroAIDS
    • Hanson LR, Frey WH 2nd: Strategies for intranasal delivery of therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of neuroAIDS. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2007, 2:81-86.
    • (2007) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 81-86
    • Hanson, L.R.1    Frey II, W.H.2
  • 18
    • 0141741416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral and immunological benefits in HIV patients receiving intranasal peptide T (DAPTA)
    • Polianova MT, Ruscetti FW, Pert CB, et al.: Antiviral and immunological benefits in HIV patients receiving intranasal peptide T (DAPTA). Peptides 2003, 24:1093-1098.
    • (2003) Peptides , vol.24 , pp. 1093-1098
    • Polianova, M.T.1    Ruscetti, F.W.2    Pert, C.B.3
  • 19
    • 68249144974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NanoART, neuroAIDS and CNS drug delivery
    • Nowacek A, Gendelman HE: NanoART, neuroAIDS and CNS drug delivery. Nanomed 2009, 4:557-574.
    • (2009) Nanomed , vol.4 , pp. 557-574
    • Nowacek, A.1    Gendelman, H.E.2
  • 20
    • 51749096415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the delivery of the HIV protease inhibitor, atazanavir, by a human brain endothelial cell line
    • Chattopadhyay N, Zastre J, Wong HL, et al.: Solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the delivery of the HIV protease inhibitor, atazanavir, by a human brain endothelial cell line. Pharm Res 2008, 25:2262-2271.
    • (2008) Pharm Res , vol.25 , pp. 2262-2271
    • Chattopadhyay, N.1    Zastre, J.2    Wong, H.L.3
  • 21
    • 57049140960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrapment and release of saquinavir using novel cationic solid lipid nanoparticles
    • Kuo YC, Chen HH: Entrapment and release of saquinavir using novel cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2009, 365:206-213.
    • (2009) Int J Pharm , vol.365 , pp. 206-213
    • Kuo, Y.C.1    Chen, H.H.2
  • 22
    • 44449133739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of HIV fusion with multivalent gold nanoparticles
    • Bowman MC, Ballard TE, Ackerson CJ, et al.: Inhibition of HIV fusion with multivalent gold nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2008, 130:6896-6897.
    • (2008) J Am Chem Soc , vol.130 , pp. 6896-6897
    • Bowman, M.C.1    Ballard, T.E.2    Ackerson, C.J.3
  • 23
    • 68949102075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage delivery of nanoformulated antiretroviral drug to the brain in a murine model of neuroAIDS
    • Dou H, Grotepas CB, McMillan JM, et al.: Macrophage delivery of nanoformulated antiretroviral drug to the brain in a murine model of neuroAIDS. J Immunol 2009, 183:661-669.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.183 , pp. 661-669
    • Dou, H.1    Grotepas, C.B.2    McMillan, J.M.3
  • 24
    • 53849134844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 and their role in viral persistence
    • Alexaki A, Liu Y, Wigdahl B: Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 and their role in viral persistence. Curr HIV Res 2008, 6:388-400.
    • (2008) Curr HIV Res , vol.6 , pp. 388-400
    • Alexaki, A.1    Liu, Y.2    Wigdahl, B.3
  • 25
    • 33846541321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental approaches to the study of HIV-1 latency
    • Han Y, Wind-Rotolo M, Yang HC, et al.: Experimental approaches to the study of HIV-1 latency. Nat Rev Microbiol 2007, 5:95-106.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 95-106
    • Han, Y.1    Wind-Rotolo, M.2    Yang, H.C.3
  • 26
    • 58149269898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level plasma HIVs in patients on prolonged suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy are produced mostly by cells other than CD4 T-cells
    • Sahu GK, Paar D, Frost SD, et al.: Low-level plasma HIVs in patients on prolonged suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy are produced mostly by cells other than CD4 T-cells. J Med Virol 2009, 81:9-15.
    • (2009) J Med Virol , vol.81 , pp. 9-15
    • Sahu, G.K.1    Paar, D.2    Frost, S.D.3
  • 27
    • 66349098679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia
    • Schnell G, Spudich S, Harrington P, et al.: Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia. PLoS Pathog 2009, 5:e1000395.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Schnell, G.1    Spudich, S.2    Harrington, P.3
  • 28
    • 62249095476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge of finding a cure for HIV infection
    • Richman DD, Margolis DM, Delaney M, et al.: The challenge of finding a cure for HIV infection. Science 2009, 323:1304-1307.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 1304-1307
    • Richman, D.D.1    Margolis, D.M.2    Delaney, M.3
  • 29
    • 70249100307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of latent human immunodeficiency type 1 is induced by novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors
    • Archin NM, Keedy KS, Espeseth A, et al.: Expression of latent human immunodeficiency type 1 is induced by novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors. AIDS 2009, 23:1799-1806.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1799-1806
    • Archin, N.M.1    Keedy, K.S.2    Espeseth, A.3
  • 30
    • 67349155991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological functioning and antiretroviral treatment in HIV/AIDS: A review
    • Cysique LA, Brew BJ: Neuropsychological functioning and antiretroviral treatment in HIV/AIDS: a review. Neuropsychol Rev 2009, 19:169-185.
    • (2009) Neuropsychol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 169-185
    • Cysique, L.A.1    Brew, B.J.2
  • 31
    • 27144558377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain mitochondrial injury in human immunodeficiency virusseropositive (HIV+) individuals taking nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Schweinsburg BC, Taylor MJ, Alhassoon OM, et al.: Brain mitochondrial injury in human immunodeficiency virusseropositive (HIV+) individuals taking nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Neurovirol 2005, 11:356-364.
    • (2005) J Neurovirol , vol.11 , pp. 356-364
    • Schweinsburg, B.C.1    Taylor, M.J.2    Alhassoon, O.M.3
  • 32
    • 77954621340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral neurotoxicity
    • Chicago, IL; This study demonstrates the potential neurotoxic mechanisms of ART on neuronal cultures
    • • Liner J, Robertson K, Meeker R: Antiretroviral neurotoxicity. Poster presented at 39th Annual Neuroscience Meeting. Chicago, IL; 2009. This study demonstrates the potential neurotoxic mechanisms of ART on neuronal cultures.
    • (2009) 39th Annual Neuroscience Meeting
    • Liner, J.1    Robertson, K.2    Meeker, R.3
  • 33
    • 33845775666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: Neuronal injury and repair
    • Ellis R, Langford D, Masliah E: HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: neuronal injury and repair. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8:33-44.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 33-44
    • Ellis, R.1    Langford, D.2    Masliah, E.3
  • 34
    • 48949097660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel
    • Hammer SM, Eron JJ Jr, Reiss P, et al.: Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA 2008, 300:555-570.
    • JAMA , vol.2008 , Issue.300 , pp. 555-570
    • Hammer, S.M.1    Eron Jr., J.J.2    Reiss, P.3
  • 36
    • 65449167169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival
    • Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, et al: Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:1815-1826.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1815-1826
    • Kitahata, M.M.1    Gange, S.J.2    Abraham, A.G.3
  • 37
    • 70349327989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting cerebral blood flow: A potential biomarker of the effects of HIV in the brain
    • Ances BM, Sisti D, Vaida F, et al.: Resting cerebral blood flow: a potential biomarker of the effects of HIV in the brain. Neurology 2009, 73:702-708.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 702-708
    • Ances, B.M.1    Sisti, D.2    Vaida, F.3
  • 38
    • 67651111906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early antiretroviral treatment prevents the development of central nervous system abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys
    • Marcondes MC, Flynn C, Huitron-Rezendiz S, et al.: Early antiretroviral treatment prevents the development of central nervous system abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys. AIDS 2009, 23:1187-1195.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1187-1195
    • Marcondes, M.C.1    Flynn, C.2    Huitron-Rezendiz, S.3
  • 39
    • 69949122510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute meningoencephalitis due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in 13 patients: Clinical description and follow-up
    • Villar Del Saz S, Sued O, Falco V, et al.: Acute meningoencephalitis due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in 13 patients: clinical description and follow-up. J Neurovirol 2008, 1-6.
    • (2008) J Neurovirol , pp. 1-6
    • Villar Del Saz, S.1    Sued, O.2    Falco, V.3
  • 40
    • 67049134469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional characterization of HIV-1 env compartmentalization in cerebrospinal fluid over the full disease course
    • Harrington PR, Schnell G, Letendre SL, et al. Cross-sectional characterization of HIV-1 env compartmentalization in cerebrospinal fluid over the full disease course. Aids 2009,23:907-915.
    • (2009) Aids , vol.23 , pp. 907-915
    • Harrington, P.R.1    Schnell, G.2    Letendre, S.L.3
  • 41
    • 67349092439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional consequences of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment
    • Gorman AA, Foley JM, Ettenhofer ML, et al.: Functional consequences of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment. Neuropsychol Rev 2009, 19:186-203.
    • (2009) Neuropsychol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 186-203
    • Gorman, A.A.1    Foley, J.M.2    Ettenhofer, M.L.3
  • 43
    • 68249126599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepped-dose versus full-dose efavirenz for HIV infection and neuropsychiatric adverse events: A randomized trial
    • Gutierrez-Valencia A, Viciana P, Palacios R, et al.: Stepped-dose versus full-dose efavirenz for HIV infection and neuropsychiatric adverse events: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:149-156.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 149-156
    • Gutierrez-Valencia, A.1    Viciana, P.2    Palacios, R.3
  • 44
    • 67349212353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-associated episodic memory impairment: Evidence of a possible differential deficit in source memory for complex visual stimuli
    • Morgan EE, Woods SP, Weber E, et al.: HIV-associated episodic memory impairment: evidence of a possible differential deficit in source memory for complex visual stimuli. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009, 21:189-198.
    • (2009) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 189-198
    • Morgan, E.E.1    Woods, S.P.2    Weber, E.3
  • 45
    • 39049139293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-associated prospective memory impairment increases risk of dependence in everyday functioning
    • Woods SP, Iudicello JE, Moran LM, et al.: HIV-associated prospective memory impairment increases risk of dependence in everyday functioning. Neuropsychology 2008, 22:110-117.
    • (2008) Neuropsychology , vol.22 , pp. 110-117
    • Woods, S.P.1    Iudicello, J.E.2    Moran, L.M.3
  • 46
    • 43249097757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The societal burden of HIV/AIDS in Northern Italy: An analysis of costs and quality of life
    • Hubben GA, Bishai D, Pechlivanoglou P, et al.: The societal burden of HIV/AIDS in Northern Italy: an analysis of costs and quality of life. AIDS Care 2008, 20:449-455.
    • (2008) AIDS Care , vol.20 , pp. 449-455
    • Hubben, G.A.1    Bishai, D.2    Pechlivanoglou, P.3
  • 47
    • 67349183968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: Opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa
    • Zachariah R, Ford N, Philips M, et al.: Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009, 103:549-558.
    • (2009) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.103 , pp. 549-558
    • Zachariah, R.1    Ford, N.2    Philips, M.3
  • 48
    • 67349105631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological assessment of HIV-infected populations in international settings
    • Robertson K, Liner J, Heaton R: Neuropsychological assessment of HIV-infected populations in international settings. Neuropsychol Rev 2009,19:232-249.
    • (2009) Neuropsychol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 232-249
    • Robertson, K.1    Liner, J.2    Heaton, R.3
  • 49
    • 77954621121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved neuropsychological function during HAART in diverse resource-limited settings: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5199, the International Neurological Study
    • Montreal, CA; The ACTG 5199 study spanning seven developing countries reveals that ART is associated with NP improvement internationally, though the magnitude of improvement varies by country.
    • • Robertson K, Jiang H, Tripathy S, et al.: Improved neuropsychological function during HAART in diverse resource-limited settings: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5199, the International Neurological Study. In 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Montreal, CA; 2009. The ACTG 5199 study spanning seven developing countries reveals that ART is associated with NP improvement internationally, though the magnitude of improvement varies by country.
    • (2009) 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Robertson, K.1    Jiang, H.2    Tripathy, S.3
  • 50
    • 69949142004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection among former plasma donors in rural China
    • Heaton RK, Cysique LA, Jin H, et al.: Neurobehavioral effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection among former plasma donors in rural China. J Neurovirol 2008, 1-14.
    • (2008) J Neurovirol , pp. 1-1
    • Heaton, R.K.1    Cysique, L.A.2    Jin, H.3
  • 51
    • 34548131995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral effects of HIV-1 infection in China and the United States: A pilot study
    • Cysique LA, Jin H, Franklin DR Jr, et al.: Neurobehavioral effects of HIV-1 infection in China and the United States: a pilot study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2007, 13:781-790.
    • (2007) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.13 , pp. 781-790
    • Cysique, L.A.1    Jin, H.2    Franklin Jr., D.R.3
  • 52
    • 64049093394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV DNA and cognition in a Thai longitudinal HAART initiation cohort: The SEARCH 001 Cohort Study
    • Valcour VG, Shiramizu BT, Sithinamsuwan P, et al.: HIV DNA and cognition in a Thai longitudinal HAART initiation cohort: the SEARCH 001 Cohort Study. Neurology 2009, 72:992-998.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 992-998
    • Valcour, V.G.1    Shiramizu, B.T.2    Sithinamsuwan, P.3
  • 53
    • 60549083974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of stavudine therapy for HIV-associated neurologic complications in Uganda
    • Sacktor N, Nakasujja N, Skolasky RL, et al.: Benefits and risks of stavudine therapy for HIV-associated neurologic complications in Uganda. Neurology 2009, 72:165-170.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 165-170
    • Sacktor, N.1    Nakasujja, N.2    Skolasky, R.L.3
  • 54
    • 84869995984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed March 2, 2010
    • NeuroAIDS in Africa. http://synapse.neurology.unc.edu/capetown/ program.htm. Accessed March 2, 2010.
    • NeuroAIDS in Africa
  • 55
    • 70149091300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV subtype D is associated with dementia, compared with subtype A, in immunosuppressed individuals at risk of cognitive impairment in Kampala, Uganda
    • Sacktor N, Nakasujja N, Skolasky RL, et al.: HIV subtype D is associated with dementia, compared with subtype A, in immunosuppressed individuals at risk of cognitive impairment in Kampala, Uganda. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:780-786.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 780-786
    • Sacktor, N.1    Nakasujja, N.2    Skolasky, R.L.3
  • 56
    • 34447298647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological deficits in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C-seropositive adults from South India
    • Gupta JD, Satishchandra P, GopukumarK, et al.: Neuropsychological deficits in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C-seropositive adults from South India. J Neurovirol 2007, 13:195-202.
    • (2007) J Neurovirol , vol.13 , pp. 195-202
    • Gupta, J.D.1    Satishchandra, P.2    Gopukumar, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.