Changes in emergency department access between 2001 and 2005 among general and vulnerable populations

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 100, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1462-1469

  Shen, Yu Chu ^a,b   Hsia, Renee Y ^c,d  

^a NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

^b NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d SAN FRANCISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE SURVEY; HEALTH SERVICE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; INCOME; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POPULATION DENSITY; POVERTY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RURAL HEALTH CARE; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; TRAVEL; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; INCOME; LOGISTIC MODELS; MARKETING OF HEALTH SERVICES; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POPULATION DENSITY; POVERTY AREAS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RURAL HEALTH SERVICES; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TRAVEL; URBAN HEALTH SERVICES; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 77954495134     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.175828     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Grumbach K, Keane D, Bindman A. Primary care and public emergency department overcrowding. Am J Public Health 1993;83(3): 372-378.
2. Rust G, Ye J, Baltrus P, Daniels E, Adesunloye B, Fryer GE. Practical barriers to timely primary care access: impact on adult use of emergency department services. Arch Intern Med. 2008;188(15): 1705-1710.
3. Surada A, Burns TJ, Knight S, Dean JM. Health insurance, neighborhood income, and emergency department usage by Utah, children 1996-1998. BMC Health Serv Res. 2005;5(1): 29.
4. Dale J, Green J, Reid F, Ghicksman E. Primary care in the accident and emergency department: I. Prospective identification of patients. BMJ 1995:311(7002): 423-426.
5. Wilner D. The role of the emergency department in the delivery of rural primary care. J Maine Med Assoc. 1977;68(11): 401-408.
6. Birt CW, McCaig LF. Staffing, capacity, and ambulance diversion in emergency departments: United States, 2003-04. Adv Data. 2006;(376): 1-23.
7. Hospital emergency departments: crowding continues to occur, and some patients wait longer than recommended time frames. Washington, DC: US Government Accountability Office; 2009.
8. Derlet R, Richards J, Kravitz R. Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med 2001;8(2): 151-155.
9. Lambe S, Washington DL, Fink A, et al. Trends in the use and capacity of California's emergency departments, 1990-1999. Ann Emerg Med 2002;39(4): 389-396.
10. Melnick GA, Nawalhe AC, Bamezai A, Green L. Emergency department capacity and access in California, 1990-2001: an economic analysis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;(suppl Web exclusives):W4136-W4-142.
11. Sinay UT. Hospital mergers and closures: suraval of rural, hospitals. J Rural Health. 1998; 14(4): 357-365.
12. Pitts SR, Niska RW, Xu J, Burt CW. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006 emergency department summary. Natl Health Stat Report. 2008;(7): 1-38.
13. Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System. Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2007. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog. php?recordJd=11621. Accessed April 14, 2010.
14. Carr BG, Branas CC, Metlay JP, Sullivan AF, Camargo CA Jr. Access to emergency care in the United States. Ann Emerg Med; 2009:54(2): 261-269.
15. US Census Bureau. 2002. Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation. Available at: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf3.pdf. Accessed April 14, 2010.
16. AHA Annual Survey Database for Fiscal Year 2005. Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association; 2005.
17. Area Resource File. Rockville, MD: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions; 2005.
18. Branas CC, MacKenzie EJ, Williams JC, et al. Access to trauma centers in the United States. JAMA. 2005; 293(21): 2626-2833.
19. Love RF, Morris JG. Mathematical models of road travel distances. Manage Sci 1979;25(2): 130-139.
20. Phibbs CS, Luft HS. Correlation of travel time on roads versus straight line distance. Med Care Res Rev. 1995;52(4): 532-542.
21. Phibbs C. Patient incurred cost - How do I estimate travel costs? Available at: http://www.herc.research. va.gov/resources/faq-h02.asp. Accessed April 12, 2010.
22. Hunt KA, Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Colby DC, Callaham ML. Characteristics of frequent users of emergency departments. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(1): 1-8.
23. O'Hare WP. Poverty in America: trends and new patterns. Popul Bull 1985:40(3): 1-44.
24. O'Toole TP, Gibbon JL, Seltzer D, Hanusa BH, Fine MJ. Urban homelessness and poverty during economic prosperity and welfare reform: changes in selfreported comorbidities, insurance, and sources for usual care, 1995-1997. J Urban Health. 2002;79(2): 200-210.
25. McConnel CE, Wilson RW. Racial and ethnic patterns in the utilization of prehospital emergency transport services in the United States. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1999;14(4): 232-235.
26. Gaskin DJ, Hadley J. Population characteristics of markets of safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals. J Urban Health. 1999;76(3):351-370.
27. Lucas JW, Barr-Anderson DJ, Kington RS. Health, status of non-Hispanic U.S.-bom and foreign-born black and white persons: United States, 1992-95. Vital Health Stat 10. 2005;(226): 1-20.
28. Singh GK, Hiatt RA. Trends and disparities in socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics, life expectancy, and cause-specific mortality of nativeborn and foreign-born populations in the United States, 1979-2003. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(4): 903-919.
29. Thamer M, Richard C, Casebeer AW, Ray NF. Health insurance coverage among foreign-born US residents: the impact of race, ethnicity, and length of residence. Am J Public Health. 1997:87(1): 96-102.
30. McConnel CE, Wilson RW. The demand for prehospital emergency services in an aging society. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(8): 1027-1031.
31. Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Hunt KA, Colby DC, Callaham ML. Does lack of a usual source of care or health insurance increase the likelihood of an emergency department visit? Results of a national population-based study. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45(1): 4-12.
32. Shen YC. The effect of financial pressure on the quality of care in hospitals. J Health Earn. 2003;22(2): 243-269.
33. Bazzoli GJ, Kang R, Hasnain-Wynia R, Lindrooth RC. An update on safety-net hospitals: coping with the late 1990s and early 2000s. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24(4): 1047-1056.
34. Nawar EW, Niska RW, Xu J. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 emergency department summary. Adv Data. 2007;(386): 1-32.
35. American Hospital Association. Emergency departments-en essential access point to care. AHA Trendwatch, 2001;3(1): 1-8.
36. Arthur M, Hedges JR, Newgard CD, Diggs BS, Mullins RJ. Racial disparities in mortality among adults hospitalized after injury. Med Care. 2008;46(2): 192-199.
37. Haider AH, Chang DC, Efron DT, Haut ER, Crandall M, Cornwell EE III. Race and insurance status as risk factors for trauma mortality. Arch Surg. 2008;143(10): 945-949.
38. Krause JS, Broderick LE, Saladin LK, Broyles J. Racial disparities in health outcomes after spinal cord injury: mediating effects of education and income. J Spinal Cord Med 2006;29(1): 17-25.
39. Chang DC, Britt LD, Cornwell EE. Racial disparities in emergency surgical care. Med Clin North Am. 2005;89(5): 945-948.
40. Shafi S, Marquez de la Plata C, Diaz-Arrastia R, et al. Racial disparities in long-term functional outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2007;63(6):1263-1268, discussion 1268-1270.
41. Shen Y, Eggleston K. The effect of soft budget constraints on access and quality in hospital care. Int J Health Care Finance Earn. 2009:9(2): 211-232.
42. Shen YC, Hsia RY, Kuzma K. Understanding the risk factors of trauma center closures: do financial pressure and community characteristics matter? Med Care. 2009;47(9): 968-978.