The outcome of Health anxiety in primary care. a two-year follow-up study on health care costs and self-rated health

PLoS ONE

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

  Fink, Per ^a   Ørnbøl, Eva ^a   Christensen, Kaj Sparle ^b  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; DENMARK; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; TIME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; DENMARK; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 77954492795     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009873     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Gureje O, Ustun TB, Simon GE (1997) The syndrome of hypochondriasis: a cross-national study in primary care. Psychological med 27: 1001-1010.
2. Fink P, Ørnbøl E, Toft T, Sparle KC, Frostholm L, et al. (2004) A new, empirically established hypochondriasis diagnosis. Am J Psychiatry 161: 1680-1691.
3. Creed F, Barsky A (2004) A systematic review of the epidemiology of somatisation disorder and hypochondriasis. J Psychosom Res 56: 391-408.
4. Noyes R, Jr., Kathol RG, Fisher MM, Phillips BM, Suelzer MT, et al. (1994) Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with hypochondriasis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 16: 78-87.
5. Noyes R Jr (1999) The relationship of hypochondriasis to anxiety disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 21: 8-17.
6. Barsky AJ, Orav EJ, Bates DW (2005) Somatization increases medical utilization and costs independent of psychiatric and medical comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 903-910.
7. Escobar JI, Golding JM, Hough RL, Karno M, Burnam MA, et al. (1987) Somatization in the community: relationship to disability and use of services. Am J Public Health 77: 837-840.
8. Escobar JI, Gara M, Waitzkin H, Silver RC, Holman A, et al. (1998) DSM-IV hypochondriasis in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 20: 155-159.
9. Hansen MS, Fink P, Sondergaard L, Frydenberg M (2005) Mental illness and health care use: a study among new neurological patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 27: 119-124.
10. Martin A, Jacobi F (2006) Features of hypochondriasis and illness worry in the general population in Germany. Psychosom Med 68: 770-777.
11. Barsky AJ, Ettner SL, Horsky J, Bates DW (2001) Resource utilization of patients with hypochondriacal health anxiety and somatization. Med Care 39: 705-715.
12. Fink P (1992) The use of hospitalizations by persistent somatizing patients. Psychological med 22: 173-180.
13. Fink P, Sorensen L, Engberg M, Holm M, Munk-Jorgensen P (1999) Somatization in primary care. Prevalence, health care utilization, and general practitioner recognition. Psychosomatics 40: 330-338.
14. Smith GR, Jr., Monson RA, Ray DC (1986) Patients with multiple unexplained symptoms. Their characteristics, functional health, and health care utilization. Arch Intern Med 146: 69-72.
15. Simon GE, Gureje O, Fullerton C (2001) Course of hypochondriasis in an international primary care study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 23: 51-55.
16. Barsky AJ, Cleary PD, Sarnie MK, Klerman LG (1993) The course of transient hypochondriasis. Am J Psychiatry 150: 484-488.
17. Noyes R, Jr., Kathol RG, Fisher MM, Phillips BM, Suelzer MT, et al. (1994) One-year follow-up of medical outpatients with hypochondriasis. Psychosomatics 35: 533-545.
18. Barsky AJ, Wyshak G, Klerman LG (1990) Transient hypochondriasis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 746-752.
19. Barsky AJ, Wyshak G, Klerman LG (1992) Psychiatric comorbidity in DSM-IIIR hypochondriasis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 101-108.
20. Noyes R, Jr., Kathol RG, Fisher MM, Phillips BM, Suelzer MT, et al. (1993) The validity of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 961-970.
21. Toft T, Rosendal M, Frostholm L, Rosendal M, Olesen F (2009) Training general practitioners in the treatment of functional somatic symptoms. Effects on patient health in a cluster randomized controlled trial (The FIP study). Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. In press.
22. Fink P, Jensen J, Borgquist L, Brevik JI, Dalgard OS, et al. (1995) Psychiatric morbidity in primary public health care. A Nordic multicenter investigation. Part I: Method and prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 92: 409-418.
23. Fink P, Ørnbøl E, Huyse FJ, de Jonge P, Lobo A, et al. (2004) A Brief Diagnostic Screening Instrument for Mental Disturbances in General Medical Wards. J Psychosom Res 57: 17-24.
24. Fink P, Ewald H, Jensen J, Sorensen L, Engberg M, et al. (1999) Screening for somatization and hypochondriasis in primary care and neurological in-patients: a seven-item scale for hypochondriasis and somatization. J Psychosom Res 46: 261-273.
25. Derogatis LR, Cleary PA (1977) Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL-90: A study in construct validation. J Clin Psychol 33: 981-989.
26. Ewing J (1984) Detecting alcoholism: The Cage questionnaire. JAMA 252: 1905-1907.
27. Ware J, Kosinski M (2001) SF-36 Physical & Mental Health Summary Scales: A Manual for Users of Version 1. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric Incorporated.
28. Toft T, Fink P, Ørnbøl E, Christensen K, Frostholm L, et al. (2005) Mental disorders in primary care: prevalence and co-morbidity among disorders. Results from the functional illness in primary care (FIP) study. Psychol Med 35: 1175-1184.
29. WHO (1998) SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, version 2.1. Geneva: World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health.
30. Eaton WW, Neufeld K, Chen LS, Cai G (2000) A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57: 217-222.
31. Sørensen HT, Schulze S (1996) Danish health registries. Dan Med Bull 463.
32. Bech P, Olsen LR, Kjoller M, Rasmussen NK (2003) Measuring well-being rather than the absence of distress symptoms: a comparison of the SF-36 Mental Health subscale and the WHO-Five Well-Being Scale. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 12: 85-91.
33. Olsen LR, Mortensen EL, Bech P (2006) Mental distress in the Danish general population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113: 477-484.
34. Ware J, Kosinski M, Gandek B (2005) SF-36 Health Survey: Manual & Interpretation Guide. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric Incorporated.
35. Toft T, Fink P, Ørnbøl E, Frostholm L, Rosendal M, et al. (2009) A pragmatic randomised controlled trial on health care utilization among patients with functional somatic symptoms treated by their own GP. Submitted.
36. Fink P, Rosendal M, Toft T (2002) Assessment and Treatment of Functional Disorders in General Practice: The Extended Reattribution and Management Model-An Advanced Educational Program for Nonpsychiatric Doctors. Psychosomatics 43: 93-131.
37. Diggle P, Heagerty P, Liang KY, Zeger SL (2002) Analysis of longitudinal data. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
38. Efron B, Tibshirani R (2003) An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
39. STATA, version 8.0 [computer program]. Texas: STATA Corporation.(2003)
40. Kendell RE (1989) Clinical validity. Psychological med 19: 45-55.
41. Looper KJ, Kirmayer LJ (2001) Hypochondriacal concerns in a community population. Psychol Med 31: 577-584.
42. Conroy RM, Smyth O, Siriwardena R, Fernandes P (1999) Health anxiety and characteristics of self-initiated general practitioner consultations. J Psychosom Res 46: 45-50.
43. Lucock MP, Morley S, White C, Peake MD (1997) Responses of consecutive patients to reassurance after gastroscopy: results of self administered questionnaire survey. BMJ 315: 572-575.
44. Dickinson WP, Dickinson LM, deGruy FV, Candib LM, Main DS, et al. (2003) The somatization in primary care study: a tale of three diagnoses. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 25: 1-7.
45. Barsky AJ, Fama JM, Bailey ED, Ahern DK (1998) A prospective 4-to 5-year study of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 737-744.
46. Barsky AJ, Ahern DK (2004) Cognitive behavior therapy for hypochondriasis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291: 1464-1470.
47. Greeven A, van Balkom AJ, Visser S, Merkelbach JW, van Rood YR, et al. (2007) Cognitive behavior therapy and paroxetine in the treatment of hypochondriasis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 164: 91-99.