메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 48, 2010, Pages 1105-1118

The effectiveness of an air cleaner in controlling droplet/aerosol particle dispersion emitted from a patient's mouth in the indoor environment of dental clinics

Author keywords

Aerosol particles; Air cleaner; Computational fluid dynamics; Dental clinic; Droplets; Indoor environment

Indexed keywords

AIR; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DISPERSIONS; DROP FORMATION; FLUID DYNAMICS; LOCATION; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; REMOVAL; VENTILATION;

EID: 77954485555     PISSN: 17425689     EISSN: 17425662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0516     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (103)

References (52)
  • 2
    • 0036582626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and prevention of infectious diseases in dentistry
    • Araujo, M. W. B. & Andreana, S. 2002 Risk and prevention of infectious diseases in dentistry. Quintessence Int. 33, 376-394.
    • (2002) Quintessence Int. , vol.33 , pp. 376-394
    • Araujo, M.W.B.1    Andreana, S.2
  • 3
    • 17444368830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASHRAE Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc.
    • ASHRAE 2003 HVAC design manual for hospitals and clinics. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc.
    • (2003) HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics
  • 4
    • 13244299167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, attitude and practice towards droplet and airborne isolation precautions among dental health care professionals in Shiraz, Iran
    • Askarian, M., Mirraei, K., Honarvar, B., Etminan, M. & Araujo, M. W. B. 2005 Knowledge, attitude and practice towards droplet and airborne isolation precautions among dental health care professionals in Shiraz, Iran. J. Public Health Dentistry 65, 43-47. (doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2005.tb02785.x) (Pubitemid 40193281)
    • (2005) Journal of Public Health Dentistry , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Askarian, M.1    Mirzaei, K.2    Honarvar, B.3    Etminan, M.4    Araujo, M.W.B.5
  • 5
    • 42949127764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ventilation of multiple-bed hospital wards: Review and analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.012
    • Beggs, C. B., Kerr, K. G., Noakes, C. J., Hathway, E. A. & Sleigh, P. A. 2008 The ventilation of multiple-bed hospital wards: review and analysis. Am. J. Infect. Control 36, 250-259. (doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.012)
    • (2008) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.36 , pp. 250-259
    • Beggs, C.B.1    Kerr, K.G.2    Noakes, C.J.3    Hathway, E.A.4    Sleigh, P.A.5
  • 6
    • 0033924255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and management of blood-born infections in health care workers
    • doi:10.1128/CMR.13.3.385-407.2000
    • Beltrami, E. M., Williams, I. T., Shapiro, C. N. & Chamberland, M. E. 2000 Risk and management of blood-born infections in health care workers. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13, 385-407. (doi:10.1128/CMR.13.3.385-407.2000)
    • (2000) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 385-407
    • Beltrami, E.M.1    Williams, I.T.2    Shapiro, C.N.3    Chamberland, M.E.4
  • 8
    • 0034887377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative microbial monitoring in a dental office
    • Cellini, L., Di Campli, E., Di Candia, M. & Chiavaroli, G. 2001 Quantitative microbial monitoring in a dental office. Public Health 115, 301-305. (doi:10.1016/S0033-3506(01)00464-4) (Pubitemid 32776433)
    • (2001) Public Health , vol.115 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-305
    • Cellini, L.1    Di Campli, E.2    Di Candia, M.3    Chiavaroli, G.4
  • 9
    • 0003177486 scopus 로고
    • Recommended infection control practices for dentistry
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1993 Recommended infection control practices for dentistry. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. Recomm. Rep. 42, 1-12.
    • (1993) Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. Recomm. Rep. , vol.42 , pp. 1-12
  • 10
    • 8644263177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2003 Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2003) Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-care Facilities
  • 11
    • 45949091378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport and removal of expiratory droplets in hospital ward environment
    • Chao, C. Y. H., Wan, M. P. & Sze To, G. N. 2008 Transport and removal of expiratory droplets in hospital ward environment. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 42, 377-394.
    • (2008) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 377-394
    • Chao, C.Y.H.1    Wan, M.P.2    Sze To, G.N.3
  • 12
    • 58349094547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening
    • doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.10.003
    • Chao, C. Y. H. et al. 2009 Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening. J. Aerosol Sci. 40, 122-133. (doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.10.003)
    • (2009) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 122-133
    • Chao, C.Y.H.1
  • 13
    • 0029390545 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of different k-ε models for indoor airflow computations
    • doi:10.1080/10407799508928838
    • Chen, Q. 1995 Comparison of different k-ε models for indoor airflow computations. Numer. Heat Transfer Part B Fundamentals 28, 353-369. (doi:10.1080/10407799508928838)
    • (1995) Numer. Heat Transfer Part B Fundamentals , vol.28 , pp. 353-369
    • Chen, Q.1
  • 14
    • 77952568073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some questions on dispersion of human exhaled droplets in ventilation room: Answers from numerical investigation
    • In press. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00626.x
    • Chen, C. & Zhao, B. In press. Some questions on dispersion of human exhaled droplets in ventilation room: answers from numerical investigation. Indoor Air. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00626.x)
    • Indoor Air
    • Chen, C.1    Zhao, B.2
  • 15
    • 33645901560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of ventilation design strategy for effective removal of pollutant in the isolation room of a hospital
    • doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.05.007
    • Cheong, K. W. D. & Phua, S. Y. 2006 Development of ventilation design strategy for effective removal of pollutant in the isolation room of a hospital. Build. Environ. 41, 1161-1170. (doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.05.007)
    • (2006) Build. Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 1161-1170
    • Cheong, K.W.D.1    Phua, S.Y.2
  • 17
    • 11244264330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation performance in the operating theatre against airborne infection: Numerical study on an ultra-clean system
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.09.006
    • Chow, T. T. & Yang, X. Y. 2005 Ventilation performance in the operating theatre against airborne infection: numerical study on an ultra-clean system. J. Hosp. Infect. 59, 138-147. (doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.09.006)
    • (2005) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.59 , pp. 138-147
    • Chow, T.T.1    Yang, X.Y.2
  • 18
    • 0010890438 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of aerosols in
    • (eds R. L. Dimmick & A. L. Akers), New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience
    • Dimmick, R. L. 1969 Mechanics of aerosols in. In An introduction to experimental aerobiology (eds R. L. Dimmick & A. L. Akers), p. 3. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience.
    • (1969) An Introduction to Experimental Aerobiology , pp. 3
    • Dimmick, R.L.1
  • 19
    • 33751003284 scopus 로고
    • The numbers and the sites of origin of the droplets expelled during expiratory activities
    • Duguid, J. F. 1945 The numbers and the sites of origin of the droplets expelled during expiratory activities. Edin. Med. J. 52, 335-340.
    • (1945) Edin. Med. J. , vol.52 , pp. 335-340
    • Duguid, J.F.1
  • 20
    • 28244482199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluent Inc. Lebanon, NH: Fluent Inc.
    • Fluent Inc. 2005 Fluent 6.2 user's guide. Lebanon, NH: Fluent Inc.
    • (2005) Fluent 6.2 User's Guide
  • 22
    • 67349250601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of respiratory droplets in enclosed environments under different air distribution methods
    • doi:10.1007/s12273-008-8328-0
    • Gao, N. P., Niu, J. L. & Morawska, L. 2008 Distribution of respiratory droplets in enclosed environments under different air distribution methods. Build. Simul. Int. J. 1, 326-335. (doi:10.1007/s12273-008-8328-0)
    • (2008) Build. Simul. Int. J. , vol.1 , pp. 326-335
    • Gao, N.P.1    Niu, J.L.2    Morawska, L.3
  • 24
    • 34249721695 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: American Association of Advanced Science
    • Jennison, M. W. 1942 Aerobiology, p. 106. Washington, DC: American Association of Advanced Science.
    • (1942) Aerobiology , pp. 106
    • Jennison, M.W.1
  • 25
    • 32044443397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus diffusion in isolation rooms
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.019
    • Kao, P. H. & Yang, R. J. 2006 Virus diffusion in isolation rooms. J. Hosp. Infect. 62, 338-345. (doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.019)
    • (2006) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.62 , pp. 338-345
    • Kao, P.H.1    Yang, R.J.2
  • 26
    • 35948958566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of expiratory droplet dispersion and transport using a new Eulerian modeling approach
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.045
    • Lai, A. C. K. & Cheng, Y. C. 2007 Study of expiratory droplet dispersion and transport using a new Eulerian modeling approach. Atmos. Environ. 41, 7473-7484. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.045)
    • (2007) Atmos. Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 7473-7484
    • Lai, A.C.K.1    Cheng, Y.C.2
  • 27
    • 39149085650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and numerical study on particle distribution in a two-zone chamber
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.030
    • Lai, A. C. K., Wang, K. & Chen, F. 2008 Experimental and numerical study on particle distribution in a two-zone chamber. Atmos. Environ. 42, 1717-1172. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.030)
    • (2008) Atmos. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 1717-11172
    • Lai, A.C.K.1    Wang, K.2    Chen, F.3
  • 28
    • 0016034522 scopus 로고
    • The numerical computation of turbulent flows
    • doi:10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
    • Launder, B. E. & Spalding, D. B. 1974 The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 3, 269-289. (doi:10.1016/0045- 7825(74)90029-2)
    • (1974) Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. , vol.3 , pp. 269-289
    • Launder, B.E.1    Spalding, D.B.2
  • 30
    • 15744393009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of air distribution in SARS transmission during the largest nosocomial outbreak in Hong Kong
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00317.x
    • Li, Y., Huang, X., Yu, I. T. S., Wong, T. W. & Qian, H. 2005 Role of air distribution in SARS transmission during the largest nosocomial outbreak in Hong Kong. Indoor Air 15, 83-95. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00317.x) (Pubitemid 40417322)
    • (2005) Indoor Air , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-95
    • Li, Y.1    Huang, X.2    Yu, I.T.S.3    Wong, T.W.4    Qian, H.5
  • 31
    • 33846592867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment - A multidisciplinary systematic review
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00445.x
    • Li, Y. G. et al. 2007 Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment - a multidisciplinary systematic review. Indoor Air 17, 2-18. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00445.x)
    • (2007) Indoor Air , vol.17 , pp. 2-18
    • Li, Y.G.1
  • 32
    • 15444376035 scopus 로고
    • Relation between the airborne diameter of respiratory droplets and the diameter of the stains left after recovery
    • doi:10.1038/213095a0
    • Loudon, R. G. & Roberts, R. M. 1967 Relation between the airborne diameter of respiratory droplets and the diameter of the stains left after recovery. Nature 213, 95-96. (doi:10.1038/213095a0)
    • (1967) Nature , vol.213 , pp. 95-96
    • Loudon, R.G.1    Roberts, R.M.2
  • 33
    • 33748325891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection?
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00432.x
    • Morawska, L. 2006 Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection? Indoor Air 16, 335-347. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006. 00432.x)
    • (2006) Indoor Air , vol.16 , pp. 335-347
    • Morawska, L.1
  • 34
    • 59849085957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities
    • doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.11.002
    • Morawska, L., Johnson, G. R., Ristovski, Z. D., Hargreaves, M., Mengersen, K., Corbett, S., Chao, C. Y. H., Li, Y. & Katoshevski, D. 2009 Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities. J. Aerosol Sci. 40, 256-269. (doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.11.002)
    • (2009) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 256-269
    • Morawska, L.1    Johnson, G.R.2    Ristovski, Z.D.3    Hargreaves, M.4    Mengersen, K.5    Corbett, S.6    Chao, C.Y.H.7    Li, Y.8    Katoshevski, D.9
  • 35
    • 15444370103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: Emission of respirable pathogens
    • doi:10.1080/15459620590918466
    • Nicas, M., Nazaroff, W. W. & Hubbard, A. 2005 Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: emission of respirable pathogens. J. Occup. Environ. Hygiene 2, 143-154. (doi:10.1080/15459620590918466)
    • (2005) J. Occup. Environ. Hygiene , vol.2 , pp. 143-154
    • Nicas, M.1    Nazaroff, W.W.2    Hubbard, A.3
  • 36
    • 20844437768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational fluid dynamics and room air movement
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00282.x
    • Nielsen, P. V. 2004 Computational fluid dynamics and room air movement. Indoor Air 14, 134-143. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00282.x)
    • (2004) Indoor Air , vol.14 , pp. 134-143
    • Nielsen, P.V.1
  • 37
    • 67651171231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of placement of portable air cleaning devices in multizone residential environments
    • doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.03.023
    • Novoselac, A. & Siegel, J. A. 2009 Impact of placement of portable air cleaning devices in multizone residential environments. Build. Environ. 44, 2348-2356. (doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.03.023)
    • (2009) Build. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 2348-2356
    • Novoselac, A.1    Siegel, J.A.2
  • 39
    • 0030911195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects
    • doi:10.1089/jam.1997.10.105
    • Papineni, R. S. & Rosenthal, F. S. 1997 The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects. J. Aerosol Med. 10, 105-116. (doi:10.1089/jam.1997.10.105)
    • (1997) J. Aerosol Med. , vol.10 , pp. 105-116
    • Papineni, R.S.1    Rosenthal, F.S.2
  • 40
    • 0037322509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial aerosol contamination of dental healthcare workers' face and other surfaces in dental practice
    • doi:10.1086/502172
    • Prospero, E., Savini, S. & Annino, I. 2003 Microbial aerosol contamination of dental healthcare workers' face and other surfaces in dental practice. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 24, 139-141. (doi:10.1086/502172)
    • (2003) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.24 , pp. 139-141
    • Prospero, E.1    Savini, S.2    Annino, I.3
  • 41
    • 33644697163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of exhaled droplet nuclei in a two-bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00407.x
    • Qian, H., Li, Y., Nielsen, P. V., Hyldgaard, C. E., Wong, T. W. & Chwang, A. T. Y. 2006 Dispersion of exhaled droplet nuclei in a two-bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems. Indoor Air 16, 111-128. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00407.x) (Pubitemid 43330377)
    • (2006) Indoor Air , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-128
    • Qian, H.1    Li, Y.2    Nielsen, P.V.3    Hyldgaard, C.E.4    Wong, T.W.5    Chwang, A.T.Y.6
  • 42
    • 0000170864 scopus 로고
    • The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems involving differential equations, with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.1911.0009
    • Richardson, L. F. 1910 The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems involving differential equations, with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 210, 307-357. (doi:10.1098/rsta.1911.0009)
    • (1910) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A , vol.210 , pp. 307-357
    • Richardson, L.F.1
  • 43
    • 51449094788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of exhaled particulate matter in airborne infection isolation rooms
    • Richmond-Bryant, J. 2009 Transport of exhaled particulate matter in airborne infection isolation rooms. Build. Environ. 44, 44-55.
    • (2009) Build. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 44-55
    • Richmond-Bryant, J.1
  • 44
    • 0037080138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor particulate matter of outdoor origin: Importance of size dependent removal mechanisms
    • doi:10.1021/es010723y
    • Riley, W. J., McKone, T. E., Lai, A. C. K. & Nazaroff, W. W. 2002 Indoor particulate matter of outdoor origin: importance of size dependent removal mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 200-207. (doi:10.1021/es010723y)
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 200-207
    • Riley, W.J.1    McKone, T.E.2    Lai, A.C.K.3    Nazaroff, W.W.4
  • 45
    • 0028498954 scopus 로고
    • Perspective: A method for uniform reporting of grid refinement studies
    • doi:10.1115/1.2910291
    • Roache, P. J. 1994 Perspective: a method for uniform reporting of grid refinement studies. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 116, 405-413. (doi:10.1115/1.2910291)
    • (1994) ASME J. Fluids Eng. , vol.116 , pp. 405-413
    • Roache, P.J.1
  • 46
    • 0014441078 scopus 로고
    • Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures
    • Rudolph, E. M., Robert, L. M., Maurice, A. M. & Gunnar, R. 1969 Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures. J. Dental Res. 48, 49-56.
    • (1969) J. Dental Res. , vol.48 , pp. 49-56
    • Rudolph, E.M.1    Robert, L.M.2    Maurice, A.M.3    Gunnar, R.4
  • 47
    • 77957178387 scopus 로고
    • On air-borne infection. Study II. Droplets and droplet nuclei
    • Wells, W. F. 1934 On air-borne infection. Study II. Droplets and droplet nuclei. Am. J. Hygiene 20, 611-618.
    • (1934) Am. J. Hygiene , vol.20 , pp. 611-618
    • Wells, W.F.1
  • 48
    • 37548999747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The size and concentration of droplets generated by coughing in human subjects
    • doi:10.1089/jam.2007.0610
    • Yang, S., Lee, G. W. M., Chen, C. M., Wu, C. C. & Yu, K. P. 2007 The size and concentration of droplets generated by coughing in human subjects. J. Aerosol Med. 20, 484-494. (doi:10.1089/jam.2007.0610)
    • (2007) J. Aerosol Med. , vol.20 , pp. 484-494
    • Yang, S.1    Lee, G.W.M.2    Chen, C.M.3    Wu, C.C.4    Yu, K.P.5
  • 49
    • 34447264778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for predicting particle transport in enclosed spaces
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.086
    • Zhang, Z. & Chen, Q. 2007 Comparison of the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for predicting particle transport in enclosed spaces. Atmos. Environ. 41, 5236-5248. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.086)
    • (2007) Atmos. Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 5236-5248
    • Zhang, Z.1    Chen, Q.2
  • 50
    • 0242337700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of indoor aerosol particle concentration and deposition in different ventilated rooms by numerical method
    • doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.08.002
    • Zhao, B., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Yang, X. & Huang, D. 2004 Comparison of indoor aerosol particle concentration and deposition in different ventilated rooms by numerical method. Build. Environ. 39, 1-8. (doi:10.1016/j.buildenv. 2003.08.002)
    • (2004) Build. Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 1-8
    • Zhao, B.1    Zhang, Y.2    Li, X.3    Yang, X.4    Huang, D.5
  • 51
    • 36549032133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle dispersion and deposition in ventilated rooms: Testing and evaluation of different Eulerian and Lagrangian models
    • doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.01.005
    • Zhao, B., Yang, C., Yang, X. & Liu, S. 2008 Particle dispersion and deposition in ventilated rooms: testing and evaluation of different Eulerian and Lagrangian models. Build. Environ. 43, 388-397. (doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2007. 01.005)
    • (2008) Build. Environ. , vol.43 , pp. 388-397
    • Zhao, B.1    Yang, C.2    Yang, X.3    Liu, S.4
  • 52
    • 85012482415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many airborne particles emitted from a nurse will reach the breathing zone/body surface of the patient in ISO Class-5 single-bed hospital protective environments? A numerical analysis
    • doi:10.1080/02786820903107925
    • Zhao, B., Yang, C., Chen, C., Feng, C., Yang, X., Sun, L., Gong, W. & Yu, L. 2009 How many airborne particles emitted from a nurse will reach the breathing zone/body surface of the patient in ISO Class-5 single-bed hospital protective environments? A numerical analysis. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 43, 990-1005. (doi:10.1080/02786820903107925)
    • (2009) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 990-1005
    • Zhao, B.1    Yang, C.2    Chen, C.3    Feng, C.4    Yang, X.5    Sun, L.6    Gong, W.7    Yu, L.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.