Lower blood pressure goals in high-risk cardiovascular patients: Are they defensible?

Cardiology Clinics

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 447-452

  Hopkins, Keith A ^a   Bakris, George L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular outcomes; Diabetes; Guidelines; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; INDAPAMIDE; NISOLDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; TRANDOLAPRIL; VERAPAMIL;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMORBIDITY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; RISK FACTOR;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 77954472355     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2010.04.003     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA 2010, 303(3):235-241.
2. Danaei G., Friedman A.B., Oza S., et al. Diabetes prevalence and diagnosis in US states: analysis of health surveys. Popul Health Metr 2009, 7:16.
3. Shaw J.E., Sicree R.A., Zimmet P.Z. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010, 87(1):4-14.
4. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003, 42(6):1206-1252.
5. KDOQI KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007, 49(2 Suppl 2):S12-154.
6. Khosla N., Kalaitzidis R., Bakris G.L. The kidney, hypertension, and remaining challenges. Med Clin North Am 2009, 93(3):697-715.
7. Staessen J.A., Li Y., Thijs L., et al. Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: an update including the 2003-2004 secondary prevention trials. Hypertens Res 2005, 28(5):385-407.
8. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998, 317(7160):703-713.
9. Hansson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers S.G., et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998, 351(9118):1755-1762.
10. Estacio R.O., Jeffers B.W., Gifford N., et al. Effect of blood pressure control on diabetic microvascular complications in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000, 23(Suppl 2):B54-B64.
11. Cushman W.C., Evans G.W., Byington R.P., et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010, 362(17):1575-1585.
12. Holman R.R., Paul S.K., Bethel M.A., et al. Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 359(15):1565-1576.
13. Schrier R.W., Estacio R.O., Mehler P.S., et al. Appropriate blood pressure control in hypertensive and normotensive type 2 diabetes mellitus: a summary of the ABCD trial. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2007, 3(8):428-438.
14. Patel A., MacMahon S., Chalmers J., et al. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007, 370(9590):829-840.
15. Howard B.V., Roman M.J., Devereux R.B., et al. Effect of lower targets for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol on atherosclerosis in diabetes: the SANDS randomized trial. JAMA 2008, 299(14):1678-1689.
16. Gaede P., Vedel P., Larsen N., et al. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003, 348(5):383-393.
17. Buse J.B., Bigger J.T., Byington R.P., et al. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: design and methods. Am J Cardiol 2007, 99(12A):21i-33i.
18. Cushman W.C., Grimm R.H., Cutler J.A., et al. Rationale and design for the blood pressure intervention of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol 2007, 99(12A):44i-55i.
19. Gerstein H.C., Miller M.E., Byington R.P., et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 358(24):2545-2559.
20. Giles T.D. Blood pressure-the better biomarker: delay in clinical application. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007, 9(12):918-920.
21. Sharman J., Stowasser M., Fassett R., et al. Central blood pressure measurement may improve risk stratification. J Hum Hypertens 2008, 22(12):838-844.
22. London G.M. Brachial arterial pressure to assess cardiovascular structural damage: an overview and lessons from clinical trials. J Nephrol 2008, 21(1):23-31.
23. Westerbacka J., Leinonen E., Salonen J.T., et al. Increased augmentation of central blood pressure is associated with increases in carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2005, 48(8):1654-1662.
24. Benetos A., Safar M., Rudnichi A., et al. Pulse pressure: a predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension 1997, 30(6):1410-1415.
25. Messerli F.H., Mancia G., Conti C.R., et al. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous?. Ann Intern Med 2006, 144(12):884-893.
26. Somes G.W., Pahor M., Shorr R.I., et al. The role of diastolic blood pressure when treating isolated systolic hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1999, 159(17):2004-2009.
27. Pepine C.J., Handberg E.M., Cooper-DeHoff R.M., et al. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003, 290(21):2805-2816.
28. Bangalore S., Messerli F.H., Franklin S.S., et al. Pulse pressure and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease: an INternational VErapamil SR-trandolapril STudy (INVEST) analysis. Eur Heart J 2009, 30(11):1395-1401.
29. Hunsicker L.G., Atkins R.C., Lewis J.B., et al. Impact of irbesartan, blood pressure control, and proteinuria on renal outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. Kidney Int Suppl 2004, 92:S99-101.
30. Berl T., Hunsicker L.G., Lewis J.B., et al. Impact of achieved blood pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005, 16(7):2170-2179.