A geostatistical approach for mapping and uncertainty assessment of geogenic radon gas in soil in an area of southern Italy

Environmental Earth Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 491-505

  Buttafuoco, Gabriele ^a   Tallarico, Adalisa ^b   Falcone, Giovanni ^b   Guagliardi, Ilaria ^c  

^a CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SANNIO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Faults; Radon gas in soil; Radon mapping; Stochastic simulation; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

CRITICAL THRESHOLD; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; EARTH'S SURFACE; FAULTS; GAUSSIANS; GEOGENIC; GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; HIGH-RISK AREAS; HUMAN HEALTH; INDOOR RADON; KRIGING; POTENTIAL SOURCES; RADON GAS; RADON LEVEL; RADON MAPPING; SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION; SOIL GAS; SOIL GAS RADON; SOUTHERN ITALY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; STOCHASTIC SIMULATIONS; STRUCTURAL PATTERN; STUDY AREAS; UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT;

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); GASES; GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH RISKS; LITHOLOGY; MAPPING; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOIL TESTING; SOILS; STOCHASTIC MODELS; STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

RADON;

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); GEOGENIC SOURCE; GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE; GEOSTATISTICS; LITHOLOGY; NUMERICAL MODEL; RADON; SOIL CHEMISTRY; SOIL GAS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

ITALY;

EID: 77954467054     PISSN: 18666280     EISSN: 18666299     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-009-0360-6     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Adepelumi AA, Ajayi TR, Ako BD, Ojo AO (2005) Radon soil gas as a geological mapping tool: case study from basement complex of Nigeria. Environ Geol 48: 762-770.
2. Amodio-Morelli L, Bonardi G, Colonna V, Dietrich D, Giunta G, Ippolito F, Liguori V, Lorenzoni S, Paglionico A, Perrone V, Piccarretta G, Russo M, Scandone P, Zanettin-Lorenzoni E, Zuppetta A (1976) L'arco Calabro-Peloritano nell'orogene appenninico-maghrebide. Mem Soc Geol Ital 17: 1-60.
3. Antronico L, Tansi C, Sorriso-Valvo M, Gullà G (2002) Carta litologico-strutturale e dei movimenti in massa della Stretta di Catanzaro. CNR-GNDCI - Pubblicazione N. 2119, S. EL. CA., Firenze.
4. Badr I, Oliver MA, Hendry GL, Durrani SA (1993) Determining the spatial scale of variation in soil radon values using a nested survey and analysis. Radiat Prot Dosim 49: 433-442.
5. Badr I, Oliver MA, Durrani SA (1996) Statistical evidence of the geological control over radon soil gas concentrations and its implications for mapping radon potential. Radiat Prot Dosim 63: 281-291.
6. Baubron JC, Rigo A, Toutain JP (2002) Soil gas profiles as a tool to characterise active tectonic areas: the Jaut Pass example (Pyrenees, France). Earth Planet Sci Lett 196: 69-81.
7. Bleines C, Deraisme J, Geoffrey F, Jeannée N, Perseval S, Rambert F, Renard D, Torres O, Touffait Y (2008) Isatis Software Manual, 5th edn. Géovariances & Ecole des Mines de Paris, Avon.
8. Borchiellini S, Bernat M, Campredon R (1991) Ground variation of Radon 222 for location of hidden structural features. Examples of the South of France (Alpes Maritimes). Pure Appl Geophys 4: 625-638.
9. Buttafuoco G, Castrignanò A, Stelluti M (2000) Accounting for local uncertainty in agricultural management decision making. In: Proceedings of 7th ICCTA-International Congress for Computer Technology in Agriculture. Florence, 15-18 November 1998, pp 510-517.
10. Buttafuoco G, Tallarico A, Falcone G (2007) Mapping soil gas radon concentration: a comparative study of geostatistical methods. Environ Monit Assess 131: 135-151.
11. Caers J (2003) Geostatistics: from pattern recognition to pattern reproduction. In: Nikravesh M, Aminzadeh F, Zadeh L (eds) Soft computing and intelligent data analysis in oil exploration, vol 51. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 97-115.
12. Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Novak JM, Parkin TB, Karlen DL, Turco RF, Konopka A (1994) Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58: 1501-1511.
13. Castrignanò A, Lopez N, Prudenzano M, Steduto P (2002) Estimation or stochastic simulation in soil science? In: Zdruli P, Steduto P, Kapur S (eds) Option méditerranéennes, series A: mediterranean seminars, Paris, vol 50, pp 167-182.
14. Catalano S, De Guidi G, Monaco C, Tortorici G, Tortorici L (2003) Long-term behaviour of the late Quaternary normal faults in the Straits of Messina area (Calabrian arc): structural and morphological constraints. Quatern Int 101: 81-91.
15. Chaouch A, Kanevski M, Maignan M, Rodriguez J, Piller G (2003) Indoor radon data mining with geostatistical tools. Case study with a highly clustered and variable dataset'. In: Proceedings of international association for mathematical geology, IAMG2003, 7-12 September 2003, Portsmouth, UK, pp 1-6, CDROM.
16. Chilès JP, Delfiner P (1999) Geostatistics: modelling spatial uncertainty. Wiley, New York.
17. Choubey VM, Ramola RC (1997) Correlation between geology and radon levels in ground water, soil and indoor air in Bhilangana valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Environ Geol 32: 258-262.
18. Choubey VM, Sharma KK, Ramola RC (1997) Geology of radon occurrence around Jari in Parvati Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. J Environ Radioact 34: 139-148.
19. Choubey VM, Bist KS, Saini NK, Ramola RC (1999) Relation between soil-gas radon variation and the different lithotectonic units of Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Appl Radiat Isot 51: 587-592.
20. Choubey VM, Mukherjee PK, Bajwa BS, Walia V (2007) Geological and tectonic influence on water-soil radon relationship in Mandi-Manali area, Himachal Himalaya. Environ Geol 52: 1163-1171.
21. Ciotoli G, Lombardi S (1999) Geostatistical analysis for the assessment of rare-gas soil distribution in detecting concealed faults: the Ofanto clay basin. Il Nuovo Cimento 22C: 557-566.
22. Ciotoli G, Etiope G, Lombardi S, Naso G, Tallini M (1993) Geological and soil gas investigations for tectonic prospecting: preliminary results over the Val Roveto Fault (central Italy). Geologica Romana 29: 483-493.
23. Ciotoli G, Guerra M, Lombardi S, Vittori E (1998) Soil gas survey for tracing seismogenic faults: a case study in the Fucino basin, Central Italy. J Geophys Res 103: 23781-23794.
24. Ciotoli G, Etiope G, Guerra M, Lombardi S (1999) The detection of concealed faults in the Ofanto Basin using the correlation between soil-gas fracture surveys. Tectonophysics 301: 321-332.
25. Clamp GE, Pritchard J (1998) Investigations of fault position and sources of radon by measurements of U-238 decay series radionuclide activity in soil samples. Environ Geochem Health 20: 39-44.
26. Council of the European Union (1996) the European Council Directive 92/29/EURATOM of 13 May 1996 on the laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation. Official Journal of the European Communities n. L 159, pp 1-29.
27. Darby S, Hill D, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, Baysson H, Bochicchio F, Deo H, Falk R, Forastiere F, Hakama M, Heid I, Kreienbrock L, Kreuzer M, Lagarde F, Mäkeläinen I, Muirhead C, Oberaigner W, Pershagen G, Ruano-Ravina A, Ruosteenoja E, Schaffrath Rosario A, Tirmarche M, Tomásek L, Whitley E, Wichmann H-E, Doll R (2005) Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. Br Med J 330: 223-228.
28. Delhomme JP (1979) Spatial variability and uncertainty in groundwater flow parameters: a geostatistical approach. Water Resour Res 15: 269-297.
29. Deutsch CV, Journel AG (1998) GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide. Oxford University Press, New York.
30. Durrance EM, Gregory RG (1990) Helium and radon transport mechanisms in hydrothermal circulation systems of Southwest England. In: Durrance EM, Galimov EM, Hinckle ME, Reimer GM, Sugisaki R, Autustithis SS (eds) Geochemistry of gaseous elements and compounds. Theophrastus Publications, Athens, pp 337-352.
31. Durrani SA, Khayrat AH, Oliver MA, Badr I (1997) Estimating soil radon concentration by kriging in the Biggin area of Derbyshire (UK). Radiat Meas 28: 633-639.
32. Emery X (2005) Simple and ordinary multi-Gaussian kriging for estimating recoverable reserves. Math Geol 37: 295-319.
33. Erees FS, Yener G, Salk M, Ozbal O (2006) Measurements of radon content in soil gas and in the thermal waters in Western Turkey. Radiat Meas 41: 354-361.
34. Ershaidat NM, Al-Bataina BA, Al-Shereideh SA (2008) Characteristics of soil radon transport in different geological formations. Environ Geol 55: 29-35.
35. Etiope G, Lombardi S (1995) Evidence for radon transport by carrier gas through faulted clays in Italy. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 193: 291-300.
36. Fu CC, Yang TF, Walia V, Chen C-H (2005) Reconnaissance of soil gas composition over the buried fault and fracture zone in southern Taiwan. Geochem J 39: 427-439.
37. Gold T, Soter S (1985) Fluid ascent through the solid lithosphere and its relation to earthquakes. Pure Appl Geophys 122: 492-530.
38. Gomez-Hernandez JJ, Srivastava RM (1990) ISIM3D: An ANSI-C three dimensional multiple indicator conditional simulation program. Comput Geosci 16: 395-440.
39. Goovaerts P (1997) Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press, New York.
40. Goovaerts P (2000) Estimation or simulation of soil properties? An optimization problem with conflicting criteria. Geoderma 97: 165-186.
41. Goovaerts P (2001) Geostatistical modelling of uncertainty in soil science. Geoderma 103: 3-26.
42. Guerra M, Lombardi S (2001) Soil-gas method for tracing neotectonic faults in clay basin: the Pisticci field (Southern Italy). Tectonophysics 339: 511-522.
43. Gullà G, Antronico L, Sorriso-Valvo M, Tansi C (2005) Proposta metodologica per la valutazione di indicatori di pericolo e rischio da frana a scala intermedia: l'area della Stretta di Catanzaro (Calabria, Italia). Geol Rom 38: 97-121.
44. Gundersen LCS (1992) The effect of rock type, grain size, sorting, permeability, and moisture on measurements of radon in soil gas. A comparison of two measurement techniques. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 161: 325-338.
45. Gundersen LCS, Schumann RR, Otton JK, Owen DE, Dubiel RF, Dickinson KA (1992) Geology of radon in the United States. In: Gates AE, Gundersen LCS (eds) Geologic controls on radon. Geological Society of America Special Paper 271, pp 1-16.
46. Heuvelink GBM, Webster R (2001) Modelling soil variation: past, present, and future. Geoderma 100: 269-301.
47. 2 in soil gases. Appl Geochem 9: 53-63.
48. ICRP (1993) Protection against radon-222 at home and at work, ICRP Publications 65. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
49. Ielsch G, Thiéblemont D, Labed V, Richon P, Tymen G, Ferry C, Robé MC, Baubron JC, Béchennec F (2001) Radon (222Rn) level variations on a regional scale: influence of the basement trace element (U, Th) geochemistry on radon exhalation rates. J Environ Radioact 53: 75-90.
50. Inceoz M, Baykara O, Aksoy E, Dogru M (2006) Measurements of soil gas radon in active fault systems: a case study along the North and East Anatolian fault systems in Turkey. Radiat Meas 41: 349-353.
51. Isaaks EH, Srivastava RM (1989) Applied geostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York.
52. Jönsson G (1997) Soil radon survey. In: Durrani SA, Iliç R (eds) Radon measurements by etched track detectors: applications in radiation protection. Earth sciences and the environment. World Scientific, Singapore, pp 179-188.
53. Journel AG (1983) Non-parametric estimation of spatial distributions. Math Geol 15: 445-468.
54. Journel AG, Alabert F (1989) Non-Gaussian data expansion in the earth sciences. Terr Nova 1: 123-134.
55. Journel AG, Huijbregts CJ (1978) Mining geostatistics. Academic Press, San Diego.
56. Kemski J, Siehl A, Stegemann R, Valdivia-Manchego M (2001) Mapping the geogenic radon potential in Germany. Sci Total Environ 272: 217-230.
57. Kemski J, Klingel R, Siehl A, Valdivia-Manchego M (2009) From radon hazard to risk prediction-based on geological maps, soil gas and indoor measurements in Germany. Environ Geol 56: 1269-1279.
58. Khayrat AH, Oliver MA, Durranic SA (2001) The effect of soil particle size on soil radon concentration. Radiat Meas 34: 365-371.
59. King CK, King BS, Evans WC, Zang W (1996) Spatial radon anomalies on active faults in California. Appl Geochem 11: 497-510.
60. Klusman RW (1993) Soil gas and related methods for natural resource exploration. Wiley, New York.
61. 222Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport. Geophysics 47: 1444-1452.
62. Langone A, Gueguen E, Prosser G, Caggianelli A, Rottura A (2006) The Curinga-Girifalco fault zone (northern Serre, Calabria) and its significance within the Alpine tectonic evolution of the western Mediterranean. J Geodyn 42: 140-158.
63. Lucas HF (1957) Improved low-level alpha scintillation counter for radon. Rev Sci Instrum 28: 680-683.
64. Man CK, Yeung HS (1998) Variations of outdoor radon concentrations in Hong Hong. J Environ Radiact 40: 137-145.
65. Matheron G (1971) The theory of regionalised variables and its applications, Les Cahiers du Centre de Morphologie Mathématique de Fontainebleau, n. 5, pp 271.
66. Matheron G (1976) A simple substitute for conditional expectation: the disjunctive kriging. In: Guarascio M, David M, Huijbregts CJ (eds) Advanced geostatistics in the mining industry. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 221-236.
67. Minda M, Tóth G, Horváth I, Barnet I, Hámori K, Tóth E (2009) Indoor radon mapping and its relation to geology in Hungary. Environ Geol 57: 601-609.
68. Monaco C, Tortorici L (2000) Active faulting in the Calabrian arc and eastern Sicily. J Geodyn 29: 407-424.
69. Nazaroff WW (1992) Radon transport from soil to air. Rev Geophys 30: 137-160.
70. Oliver MA, Badr I (1995) Determining the spatial scale of variation in soil radon concentration. Math Geol 27: 893-922.
71. Oliver MA, Khayrat AL (1999) A geostatistical investigation of the spatial variation of radon in soil. In: Proceedings of 4th international conference on geocomputation, Fredericksburg, USA, CDROM.
72. Oliver MA, Khayrat AL (2001) A geostatistical investigation of the spatial variation of radon in soil. Comput Geosci 27: 939-957.
73. Pinault JL, Baubron JC (1997) Signal processing of diurnal and semidiurnal variations in radon and atmospheric pressure: a new tool for accurate in situ measurement of soil gas velocity, pressure gradient, and tortuosity. J Geophys Res 102: 18101-18120.
74. Reimer GM (1990) Reconnaissance techniques for determining soil-gas radon concentrations. An example from Prince George Country, Maryland. Geophys Res Lett 17: 809-812.
75. Semkow TM, Parekh PP, Schwenker CD, Dansereau R, Webber JS (1994) Efficiency of the Lucas scintillation cell. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A Accel Spectrom Dect Assoc Equip 353: 515-518.
76. Steinbuch M, Weinberg CR, Buckley JD, Robison LL, Sandler DP (1999) Indoor residential radon exposure and risk of childhood acute myeloid leukaemia. Brit J Cancer 81: 900-906.
77. Sugisaki R, Anno H, Adachi M, Ui T (1980) Geochemical features of gases and rocks along active faults. Geochem J 14: 101-112.
78. Tanner AB (1964) Radon migration in the ground: a review. In: Adams JAS, Lowder WM (eds) The natural radiation environment. University of Chicago, London, pp 161-190.
79. Tansi C, Sorriso-Valvo M, Greco R (2000) Relationships between joint separation and faulting: an initial numerical appraisal. Eng Geol 58: 225-230.
80. Tansi C, Muto F, Critelli S, Iovine G (2007) Neogene-Quaternary strike-slip tectonics in the central Calabrian Arc (southern Italy). J Geodyn 43: 393-414.
81. Torgersen T, O'Donnell J (1991) The degassing flux from the solid earth: release by fracturing. Geophys Res Lett 18: 951-954.
82. Tortorici L (1982) Lineamenti geologico-strutturali dell'Arco Calabro Peloritano (Geologic-structural lineaments of the Calabrian-Peloritan Arc). Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrografia 38: 927-940.
83. Tortorici L, Monaco C, Tansi C, Cocina O (1995) Recent and active tectonics in the Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy). Tectonophysics 243: 37-55.
84. Toutain JP, Baubron JC (1999) Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics: a review. Tectonophysics 304: 1-27.
85. Verly G (1983) The multi-Gaussian approach and its application to the estimation of local reserves. Math Geol 15: 259-286.
86. Wackernagel H (2003) Multivariate geostatistics: an introduction with applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
87. Walia V, Su TC, Fu CC, Yang TF (2005) Spatial variations of radon and helium concentrations in soil-gas across the Shan-Chiao fault, Northern Taiwan. Radiat Meas 40: 513-516.
88. Webster R, Oliver MA (2007) Geostatistics for environmental scientists, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester.
89. Wilkening M (1980) Radon transport processes below the Earth's surface. In: Gesell TF, Lowder WM (eds) The natural radiation environment III. Technical Information Center, U. S. Department of Energy, Springfield, pp 90-104.
90. Zhu HC, Charlet JM, Doremus P (1996) Kriging radon concentrations of groundwaters in western Ardennes. Environmetrics 7: 513-523.
91. Zhu HC, Charlet JM, Poffijn A (2001) Radon risk mapping in southern Belgium: an application of geostatistical and GIS techniques. Sci Total Environ 272: 203-210.