메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 217, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 135-152

Limb bone allometry during postnatal ontogeny in non-avian dinosaurs

Author keywords

Allometry; Dinosaurian; Long bones; Ontogeny

Indexed keywords

ALLOMETRY; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BONE GROWTH; DINOSAUR; FEMUR; HADROSAUR; HINDLIMB; HUMERUS; LONG BONE; NONHUMAN; ONTOGENY; ORNITHISCHIAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIOJASAURUS INCERTUS; SAMPLE SIZE; SAUROPODOMORPH; TAXONOMY; THEROPOD; TIBIA;

EID: 77954439106     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01253.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 84985315692 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta)
    • Alexander RM, Jayes AS, Maloiy GMO. Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta). J Zool 1979, 189:305-314.
    • (1979) J Zool , vol.189 , pp. 305-314
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Jayes, A.S.2    Maloiy, G.M.O.3
  • 2
    • 84985409642 scopus 로고
    • Long bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs
    • Anderson JF, Hall-Martin A, Russell DA. Long bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. J Zool 1985, 207:53-61.
    • (1985) J Zool , vol.207 , pp. 53-61
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Hall-Martin, A.2    Russell, D.A.3
  • 3
    • 84887212585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating mass properties of dinosaurs using laser imaging and 3D computer modeling
    • Bates KT, Manning PL, Hodgetts D. Estimating mass properties of dinosaurs using laser imaging and 3D computer modeling. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4532.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Bates, K.T.1    Manning, P.L.2    Hodgetts, D.3
  • 4
    • 0025287742 scopus 로고
    • Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial carnivora and other mammals
    • Bertram JEA, Biewener AA. Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial carnivora and other mammals. J Morphol 1990, 204:157-169.
    • (1990) J Morphol , vol.204 , pp. 157-169
    • Bertram, J.E.A.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 5
    • 0020788236 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: the scaling of duty factor, bone curvature, and limb orientation to body size
    • Biewener AA. Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: the scaling of duty factor, bone curvature, and limb orientation to body size. J Exp Biol 1983, 105:147-171.
    • (1983) J Exp Biol , vol.105 , pp. 147-171
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 6
    • 0034057145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific scaling of the hindlimb skeleton in lizards, crocodilians, felids and canids: does limb bone shape correlate with limb posture?
    • Blob RW. Interspecific scaling of the hindlimb skeleton in lizards, crocodilians, felids and canids: does limb bone shape correlate with limb posture? J Zool 2000, 250:507-531.
    • (2000) J Zool , vol.250 , pp. 507-531
    • Blob, R.W.1
  • 7
    • 73249118427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling of the hindlimb skeleton in cynognathian cynodonts: implications for ontogeny and thermoregulation
    • Carrano MT, Gaudin TJ, Blob RW, Wible JR. eds, Chicago, USA, University of Chicago Press
    • Blob RW. Scaling of the hindlimb skeleton in cynognathian cynodonts: implications for ontogeny and thermoregulation. Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles 2006, 410-431. Carrano MTGaudin TJBlob RWWible JR. In, eds, pp, Chicago, USA, University of Chicago Press
    • (2006) Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles , pp. 410-431
    • Blob, R.W.1
  • 8
    • 1542520348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RMA: Software for Reduced Major Axis Regression
    • Available at
    • Bohonak AJ. RMA: Software for Reduced Major Axis Regression. 2002, http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/pub/andy/RMA.html, Available at
    • (2002)
    • Bohonak, A.J.1
  • 9
    • 4344712846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of humerus and femur shape in Morrison sauropods: implications for functional morphology and paleobiology
    • Bonnan MF. Morphometric analysis of humerus and femur shape in Morrison sauropods: implications for functional morphology and paleobiology. Paleobiology 2004, 30:444-470.
    • (2004) Paleobiology , vol.30 , pp. 444-470
    • Bonnan, M.F.1
  • 10
    • 0002388713 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic changes in the mechanical properties of the femur of the polar bear Ursus maritimus
    • Brear K, Currey JD. Ontogenetic changes in the mechanical properties of the femur of the polar bear Ursus maritimus. J Zool 1990, 222:49-58.
    • (1990) J Zool , vol.222 , pp. 49-58
    • Brear, K.1    Currey, J.D.2
  • 11
    • 33645541694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sizing the Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus: assessing growth strategy and the evolution of ontogenetic scaling in limbs
    • Bybee PJ, Lee AH, Lamm ET. Sizing the Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus: assessing growth strategy and the evolution of ontogenetic scaling in limbs. J Morphol 2006, 267:347-359.
    • (2006) J Morphol , vol.267 , pp. 347-359
    • Bybee, P.J.1    Lee, A.H.2    Lamm, E.T.3
  • 12
    • 15944394064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new genus and species of tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama
    • Carr TD, Williamson TE, Schwimmer DR. A new genus and species of tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama. J Vert Paleo 2005, 25:119-143.
    • (2005) J Vert Paleo , vol.25 , pp. 119-143
    • Carr, T.D.1    Williamson, T.E.2    Schwimmer, D.R.3
  • 13
    • 0003895412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of dinosaur locomotion: functional morphology, biomechanics, and modern analogs
    • Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chicago
    • Carrano MT. The evolution of dinosaur locomotion: functional morphology, biomechanics, and modern analogs. 1998, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chicago
    • (1998)
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 14
    • 0033484526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is a cursor? What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs
    • Carrano MT. What is a cursor? What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs. J Zool 1999, 247:29-42.
    • (1999) J Zool , vol.247 , pp. 29-42
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 15
    • 0035017241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs
    • Carrano MT. Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs. J Zool 2001, 25:41-55.
    • (2001) J Zool , vol.25 , pp. 41-55
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 16
    • 84985407514 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal ontogeny of the musculoskeletal system in the black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus)
    • Carrier DR. Postnatal ontogeny of the musculoskeletal system in the black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus). J Zool 1983, 201:27-55.
    • (1983) J Zool , vol.201 , pp. 27-55
    • Carrier, D.R.1
  • 17
    • 0003051888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic limits on locomotor performance
    • Carrier DR. Ontogenetic limits on locomotor performance. Phys Zool 1996, 69:467-488.
    • (1996) Phys Zool , vol.69 , pp. 467-488
    • Carrier, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 84986759526 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal growth in the California gull (Larus californicus)
    • Carrier DR, Leon LR. Skeletal growth in the California gull (Larus californicus). J Zool 1990, 222:375-389.
    • (1990) J Zool , vol.222 , pp. 375-389
    • Carrier, D.R.1    Leon, L.R.2
  • 19
    • 84891376315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of non-avian dinosaurs
    • Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H. 2nd edn, eds, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • Chinsamy A, Hillenius WJ. Physiology of non-avian dinosaurs. The Dinosauria 2004, 643-659. Weishampel DB, Dodson POsmólska H. In, 2nd edn, eds, pp, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • (2004) The Dinosauria , pp. 643-659
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Hillenius, W.J.2
  • 20
    • 0033269440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: evidence for differential limb allometry
    • Christiansen P. Long bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: evidence for differential limb allometry. J Vert Paleo 1999, 19:666-680.
    • (1999) J Vert Paleo , vol.19 , pp. 666-680
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 21
    • 0036006740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass allometry of the appendicular skeleton in terrestrial mammals
    • Christiansen P. Mass allometry of the appendicular skeleton in terrestrial mammals. J Morphol 2002, 251:195-201.
    • (2002) J Morphol , vol.251 , pp. 195-201
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 22
    • 33748962227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bite forces, canine strengths and skull allometry in extant carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora)
    • Christiansen P, Adolfssen JS. Bite forces, canine strengths and skull allometry in extant carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora). J Zool 2005, 266:1-19.
    • (2005) J Zool , vol.266 , pp. 1-19
    • Christiansen, P.1    Adolfssen, J.S.2
  • 23
    • 12144255439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs
    • Christiansen P, Fariña RA. Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs. Hist Biol 2004, 16:85-92.
    • (2004) Hist Biol , vol.16 , pp. 85-92
    • Christiansen, P.1    Fariña, R.A.2
  • 24
    • 0001250601 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs
    • Coombs WP. Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs. Quart Rev Biol 1978, 53:393-418.
    • (1978) Quart Rev Biol , vol.53 , pp. 393-418
    • Coombs, W.P.1
  • 25
    • 0008291803 scopus 로고
    • Problems of scaling in the skeleton
    • Pedley TD. ed, London, UK, Academic Press
    • Currey JD. Problems of scaling in the skeleton. Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion 1977, 153-167. Pedley TD. In, ed, pp, London, UK, Academic Press
    • (1977) Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion , pp. 153-167
    • Currey, J.D.1
  • 26
    • 0002588517 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of very young bone in the axis deer (Axis axis) and humans
    • Currey JD, Pond CM. Mechanical properties of very young bone in the axis deer (Axis axis) and humans. J Zool 1989, 218:59-67.
    • (1989) J Zool , vol.218 , pp. 59-67
    • Currey, J.D.1    Pond, C.M.2
  • 27
    • 0042025836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia
    • Currie PJ. Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Can J Earth Sci 2003, 40:651-665.
    • (2003) Can J Earth Sci , vol.40 , pp. 651-665
    • Currie, P.J.1
  • 28
    • 0035544064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New information on Shanshanosaurus Huoyanshanensis, a juvenile tyrannosaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous
    • Currie PJ, Dong Z. New information on Shanshanosaurus Huoyanshanensis, a juvenile tyrannosaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous. Can J Earth Sci 2001, 38:1729-1737.
    • (2001) Can J Earth Sci , vol.38 , pp. 1729-1737
    • Currie, P.J.1    Dong, Z.2
  • 29
    • 0003491402 scopus 로고
    • Growth and locomotion in the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto
    • Dilkes DW. Growth and locomotion in the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana. 1993, Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto
    • (1993)
    • Dilkes, D.W.1
  • 30
    • 0034739924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ontogenetic perspective on locomotion in the Late Cretaceous dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae)
    • Dilkes DW. An ontogenetic perspective on locomotion in the Late Cretaceous dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae). Can J Earth Sci 2001, 38:1205-1227.
    • (2001) Can J Earth Sci , vol.38 , pp. 1205-1227
    • Dilkes, D.W.1
  • 31
    • 84985350756 scopus 로고
    • Functional and evolutionary significance of relative growth in Alligator
    • Dodson P. Functional and evolutionary significance of relative growth in Alligator. J Zool 1975, 175:315-355.
    • (1975) J Zool , vol.175 , pp. 315-355
    • Dodson, P.1
  • 32
    • 27844591686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing dinosaur growth patterns: a microscopic revolution
    • Erickson GM. Assessing dinosaur growth patterns: a microscopic revolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2005, 20:677-684.
    • (2005) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.20 , pp. 677-684
    • Erickson, G.M.1
  • 33
    • 0034558039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth curve of Psittacosaurus mongoliensis Osborn (Ceratopsia: Psittacosauridae) inferred from long bone histology
    • Erickson GM, Tumanova TA. Growth curve of Psittacosaurus mongoliensis Osborn (Ceratopsia: Psittacosauridae) inferred from long bone histology. Zool J Linn Soc 2000, 130:551-566.
    • (2000) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.130 , pp. 551-566
    • Erickson, G.M.1    Tumanova, T.A.2
  • 34
    • 0035954765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates
    • Erickson GM, Curry Rogers K, Yerby SA. Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates. Nature 2001, 412:429-433.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 429-433
    • Erickson, G.M.1    Curry Rogers, K.2    Yerby, S.A.3
  • 35
    • 0036787412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of biomechanical material properties of femur
    • Erickson GM, Cantanese J, Keaveny TM. Evolution of biomechanical material properties of femur. Anat Rec 2002, 268:115-124.
    • (2002) Anat Rec , vol.268 , pp. 115-124
    • Erickson, G.M.1    Cantanese, J.2    Keaveny, T.M.3
  • 36
    • 4043159096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs
    • Erickson GM, Makovicky PJ, Currie PJ. Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 2004, 430:772-775.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 772-775
    • Erickson, G.M.1    Makovicky, P.J.2    Currie, P.J.3
  • 37
    • 21844515658 scopus 로고
    • Body mass, bone " strength indicator" and cursoiral potential of Tyrannosaurus rex
    • Farlow JO, Smith MB, Robinson JM. Body mass, bone " strength indicator" and cursoiral potential of Tyrannosaurus rex. J Vert Paleo 1995, 15:713-725.
    • (1995) J Vert Paleo , vol.15 , pp. 713-725
    • Farlow, J.O.1    Smith, M.B.2    Robinson, J.M.3
  • 38
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap
    • Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 1985, 39:783-791.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 39
    • 2342572412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the scaling of mammalian long bones
    • Garcia GJM, da Silva JKL. On the scaling of mammalian long bones. J Exp Biol 2004, 207:1577-1584.
    • (2004) J Exp Biol , vol.207 , pp. 1577-1584
    • Garcia, G.J.M.1    da Silva, J.K.L.2
  • 40
    • 11944256302 scopus 로고
    • Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts
    • Garland T, Harvey PH, Ives AR. Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Syst Biol 1992, 41:18-32.
    • (1992) Syst Biol , vol.41 , pp. 18-32
    • Garland, T.1    Harvey, P.H.2    Ives, A.R.3
  • 41
    • 33746009658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to phylogenetically based statistical methods, with a new method for confidence intervals on ancestral states
    • Garland T, Midford PE, Ives AR. An introduction to phylogenetically based statistical methods, with a new method for confidence intervals on ancestral states. Am Zool 1999, 39:374-388.
    • (1999) Am Zool , vol.39 , pp. 374-388
    • Garland, T.1    Midford, P.E.2    Ives, A.R.3
  • 42
    • 0001823544 scopus 로고
    • Hind-limb scaling in birds and other theropods - implications for terrestrial locomotion
    • Gatesy SM. Hind-limb scaling in birds and other theropods - implications for terrestrial locomotion. J Morphol 1991, 290:83-96.
    • (1991) J Morphol , vol.290 , pp. 83-96
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 44
    • 43949167736 scopus 로고
    • Femoral ontogeny and locomotor biomechanics of Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki (Dinosauria, Iguanodontia)
    • Heinrich RE, Ruff CB, Weishampel DB. Femoral ontogeny and locomotor biomechanics of Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki (Dinosauria, Iguanodontia). Zool J Linn Soc 1993, 108:179-196.
    • (1993) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.108 , pp. 179-196
    • Heinrich, R.E.1    Ruff, C.B.2    Weishampel, D.B.3
  • 45
    • 0032992693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the masses and centers of mass of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical modeling
    • Henderson DM. Estimating the masses and centers of mass of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical modeling. Paleobiology 1999, 25:88-106.
    • (1999) Paleobiology , vol.25 , pp. 88-106
    • Henderson, D.M.1
  • 46
    • 0010272314 scopus 로고
    • Kentrurosaurus aethiopicus. Die Stegosaurier-Funde von Tendaguru, Deutsch-Ostrafika
    • Hennig E. Kentrurosaurus aethiopicus. Die Stegosaurier-Funde von Tendaguru, Deutsch-Ostrafika. Palaeontographica 1924, 1(suppl. 7):103-254.
    • (1924) Palaeontographica , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 103-254
    • Hennig, E.1
  • 47
    • 0002445490 scopus 로고
    • Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta
    • Carpenter K, Hirsch KF, Horner JR. eds, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press
    • Horner JR, Currie PJ. Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta. Dinosaur Eggs and Babies 1994, 312-336. Carpenter K, Hirsch KFHorner JR. In, eds, pp, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press
    • (1994) Dinosaur Eggs and Babies , pp. 312-336
    • Horner, J.R.1    Currie, P.J.2
  • 48
    • 6944230733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and growth dynamics of Tyrannosaurus rex
    • Horner JR, Padian K. Age and growth dynamics of Tyrannosaurus rex. Proc R Soc Lond B 2004, 271:1875-1880.
    • (2004) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.271 , pp. 1875-1880
    • Horner, J.R.1    Padian, K.2
  • 49
    • 0029100668 scopus 로고
    • Small genomes for better flyers
    • Hughes AL, Hughes MK. Small genomes for better flyers. Nature 1995, 377:391.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 391
    • Hughes, A.L.1    Hughes, M.K.2
  • 50
    • 34248182091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex
    • Hutchinson JR, Ng-Thow-Hing V, Anderson FC. A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex. J Theor Biol 2007, 246:660-680.
    • (2007) J Theor Biol , vol.246 , pp. 660-680
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1    Ng-Thow-Hing, V.2    Anderson, F.C.3
  • 51
    • 0001571471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and scaling of long bone geometry, bone strength, and positional behavior in cercopithecoid primates
    • Strasser E, Fleagle J, Rosenberger AL, McHenry H. eds, New York, USA, Plenum Press
    • Jungers WL, Burr DB, Cole MS. Body size and scaling of long bone geometry, bone strength, and positional behavior in cercopithecoid primates. Primate Locomotion: Recent Advances 1998, 309-335. Strasser E, Fleagle J, Rosenberger ALMcHenry H. In, eds, pp, New York, USA, Plenum Press
    • (1998) Primate Locomotion: Recent Advances , pp. 309-335
    • Jungers, W.L.1    Burr, D.B.2    Cole, M.S.3
  • 52
    • 77954433736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic limb bone allometry: a reliable predictor of metabolic rate?
    • Kilbourne BM. Ontogenetic limb bone allometry: a reliable predictor of metabolic rate? J Vert Paleo 2007, 27:99A.
    • (2007) J Vert Paleo , vol.27
    • Kilbourne, B.M.1
  • 53
    • 0037405703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of mammalian similarity through allometric scaling laws
    • Kokshenev VB. Observation of mammalian similarity through allometric scaling laws. Physica A 2003, 322:491-505.
    • (2003) Physica A , vol.322 , pp. 491-505
    • Kokshenev, V.B.1
  • 54
    • 0002694463 scopus 로고
    • The evolution and ecology of body size
    • Raup DM, Jablonski D. In, eds, BerlGermany, Springer
    • LaBarbera MC. The evolution and ecology of body size. Patterns and Processes in the History of Life 1986, 66-98. Raup DMJablonski D. In, eds, pp, BerlGermany, Springer
    • (1986) Patterns and Processes in the History of Life , pp. 66-98
    • LaBarbera, M.C.1
  • 55
    • 0024871334 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution
    • LaBarbera MC. Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 1989, 20:97-117.
    • (1989) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.20 , pp. 97-117
    • LaBarbera, M.C.1
  • 56
    • 0036910512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic allometry in the locomotor skeleton of specialized half-bounding mammals
    • Lammers AR, German RZ. Ontogenetic allometry in the locomotor skeleton of specialized half-bounding mammals. J Zool 2002, 258:485-495.
    • (2002) J Zool , vol.258 , pp. 485-495
    • Lammers, A.R.1    German, R.Z.2
  • 57
    • 84891473750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal Saurischia
    • Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H. 2nd edn, eds, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • Langer MC. Basal Saurischia. The Dinosauria 2004, 25-46. Weishampel DBDodson POsmólska H. In, 2nd edn, eds, pp, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • (2004) The Dinosauria , pp. 25-46
    • Langer, M.C.1
  • 58
    • 33750423580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study
    • Langer MC, Benton MJ. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. J Syst Paleo 2006, 4:309-358.
    • (2006) J Syst Paleo , vol.4 , pp. 309-358
    • Langer, M.C.1    Benton, M.J.2
  • 59
    • 4644237660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of body size, Cope's Rule and the origin of amniotes
    • Laurin M. The evolution of body size, Cope's Rule and the origin of amniotes. Syst Biol 2004, 53:594-622.
    • (2004) Syst Biol , vol.53 , pp. 594-622
    • Laurin, M.1
  • 60
    • 38649125203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual maturity in growing dinosaurs does not fit reptilian growth models
    • Lee AH, Werning S. Sexual maturity in growing dinosaurs does not fit reptilian growth models. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:582-587.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 582-587
    • Lee, A.H.1    Werning, S.2
  • 61
    • 38649102251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and population age structure in the horned dinosaur Chasmosaurus
    • Carpenter K. ed, Indiana University Press
    • Lehman TM. Growth and population age structure in the horned dinosaur Chasmosaurus. Horns & Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs 2007, 259-317. Carpenter K. In, ed, pp, Indiana University Press
    • (2007) Horns & Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs , pp. 259-317
    • Lehman, T.M.1
  • 62
    • 45249119555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling growth rates for sauropod dinosaurs
    • Lehman TM, Woodward HN. Modeling growth rates for sauropod dinosaurs. Paleobiology 2008, 34:264-281.
    • (2008) Paleobiology , vol.34 , pp. 264-281
    • Lehman, T.M.1    Woodward, H.N.2
  • 63
    • 67651176198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential limb scaling in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and its implications for archosaur locomotor evolution
    • Livingston VJ, Bonnan MF, Elsey RM. Differential limb scaling in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and its implications for archosaur locomotor evolution. Anat Rec 2009, 292:787-797.
    • (2009) Anat Rec , vol.292 , pp. 787-797
    • Livingston, V.J.1    Bonnan, M.F.2    Elsey, R.M.3
  • 64
    • 52749084844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution
    • Lloyd GT, Davis KE, Pisani D. Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. Proc R Soc Lond B 2008, 275:2483-2490.
    • (2008) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.275 , pp. 2483-2490
    • Lloyd, G.T.1    Davis, K.E.2    Pisani, D.3
  • 65
    • 3042649996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis
    • Version 1.1.
    • Maddison WP, Maddison DR. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. 2006, http://mesquiteproject.org, Version 1.1.
    • (2006)
    • Maddison, W.P.1    Maddison, D.R.2
  • 66
    • 0002143038 scopus 로고
    • Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology
    • Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geol Min Surv Bull 1976, 109:1-163.
    • (1976) Utah Geol Min Surv Bull , vol.109 , pp. 1-163
    • Madsen, J.H.1
  • 67
    • 0000421552 scopus 로고
    • Gigantic carnosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae
    • (In Russian)
    • Maleev EA. Gigantic carnosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae. Trudy Sovm Sov-Mong Paleontol Eksped 1974, 1:132-191. (In Russian)
    • (1974) Trudy Sovm Sov-Mong Paleontol Eksped , vol.1 , pp. 132-191
    • Maleev, E.A.1
  • 68
    • 12144272484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giants and bizarres: body size of some southern South American Cretaceous dinosaurs
    • Mazzetta G, Fariña RA, Christiansen P. Giants and bizarres: body size of some southern South American Cretaceous dinosaurs. Hist Biol 2004, 16:71-83.
    • (2004) Hist Biol , vol.16 , pp. 71-83
    • Mazzetta, G.1    Fariña, R.A.2    Christiansen, P.3
  • 69
    • 0016765770 scopus 로고
    • Using body size to understand the structural design of animals: quadrupedal locomotion
    • McMahon TA. Using body size to understand the structural design of animals: quadrupedal locomotion. J Appl Physiol 1975a, 39:619-627.
    • (1975) J Appl Physiol , vol.39 , pp. 619-627
    • McMahon, T.A.1
  • 70
    • 0000614731 scopus 로고
    • Allometry and biomechanics: limb bones in adult ungulates
    • McMahon TA. Allometry and biomechanics: limb bones in adult ungulates. Am Nat 1975b, 109:547-563.
    • (1975) Am Nat , vol.109 , pp. 547-563
    • McMahon, T.A.1
  • 72
    • 67651112028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hindlimb osteology and distribution of basal dinosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of North America
    • Nesbitt SJ, Irmis RB, Parker WG. Hindlimb osteology and distribution of basal dinosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of North America. J Vert Paleo 2009, 29:498-516.
    • (2009) J Vert Paleo , vol.29 , pp. 498-516
    • Nesbitt, S.J.1    Irmis, R.B.2    Parker, W.G.3
  • 73
    • 34347361521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wing-bone allometry in birds
    • Nudds RL. Wing-bone allometry in birds. J Avian Biol 2007, 38:515-519.
    • (2007) J Avian Biol , vol.38 , pp. 515-519
    • Nudds, R.L.1
  • 74
    • 33947127751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of avian genome size and structure in non-avian dinosaurs
    • Organ CL, Shedlock MA, Meade A. Origin of avian genome size and structure in non-avian dinosaurs. Nature 2007, 446:180-184.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.446 , pp. 180-184
    • Organ, C.L.1    Shedlock, M.A.2    Meade, A.3
  • 75
    • 0002240067 scopus 로고
    • A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus N. Gen., N. Sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia
    • Osmolska H, Roniewicz E, Barsbold R. A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus N. Gen., N. Sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontol Polonica 1972, 27:103-143.
    • (1972) Palaeontol Polonica , vol.27 , pp. 103-143
    • Osmolska, H.1    Roniewicz, E.2    Barsbold, R.3
  • 76
    • 69249097079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometric equations for predicting body mass of dinosaurs
    • Packard GC, Boardman TJ, Birchard GF. Allometric equations for predicting body mass of dinosaurs. J Zool 2009, 279:102-110.
    • (2009) J Zool , vol.279 , pp. 102-110
    • Packard, G.C.1    Boardman, T.J.2    Birchard, G.F.3
  • 77
    • 84891480642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinosaur physiology
    • Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H. 2nd edn, eds, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • Padian K, Horner JR. Dinosaur physiology. The Dinosauria 2004, 660-671. Weishampel DB, Dodson POsmólska H. In, 2nd edn, eds, pp, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • (2004) The Dinosauria , pp. 660-671
    • Padian, K.1    Horner, J.R.2
  • 78
    • 4243608414 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical properties of limb bones in the lizard Anolis equestris
    • Peterson JA, Zernicke RF. The mechanical properties of limb bones in the lizard Anolis equestris. Am Zool 1986, 26:133A.
    • (1986) Am Zool , vol.26
    • Peterson, J.A.1    Zernicke, R.F.2
  • 79
    • 77954447224 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical properties of limb bones in the cursorial lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis
    • Peterson JA, Zernicke RF. The mechanical properties of limb bones in the cursorial lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Am Zool 1987, 27:64A.
    • (1987) Am Zool , vol.27
    • Peterson, J.A.1    Zernicke, R.F.2
  • 80
    • 0000440738 scopus 로고
    • Linear relations in biomechanics: the statistics of scaling relations
    • Rayner JMV. Linear relations in biomechanics: the statistics of scaling relations. J Zool 1985, 206:415-439.
    • (1985) J Zool , vol.206 , pp. 415-439
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 81
    • 23044441354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryos of an Early Jurassic prosauropod dinosaur and their evolutionary significance
    • Reisz RR, Scott D, Sues HD. Embryos of an Early Jurassic prosauropod dinosaur and their evolutionary significance. Science 2005, 309:761-764.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 761-764
    • Reisz, R.R.1    Scott, D.2    Sues, H.D.3
  • 83
    • 0035531141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs
    • Seebacher F. A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs. J Vert Paleo 2001, 21:51-60.
    • (2001) J Vert Paleo , vol.21 , pp. 51-60
    • Seebacher, F.1
  • 84
    • 0027387280 scopus 로고
    • Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria
    • Sereno PC, Forster CA, Rogers RR. Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria. Nature 1993, 361:64-66.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 64-66
    • Sereno, P.C.1    Forster, C.A.2    Rogers, R.R.3
  • 85
    • 37249032448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation
    • Smith ND, Pol D. Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation. Palaeontol Polonica 2007, 52:657-674.
    • (2007) Palaeontol Polonica , vol.52 , pp. 657-674
    • Smith, N.D.1    Pol, D.2
  • 86
    • 0019644556 scopus 로고
    • The structural properties of immature canine bone
    • Torzilli PA, Takebe K, Burstein AH. The structural properties of immature canine bone. J Biomech Eng 1981, 103:232-238.
    • (1981) J Biomech Eng , vol.103 , pp. 232-238
    • Torzilli, P.A.1    Takebe, K.2    Burstein, A.H.3
  • 87
  • 88
    • 84891475702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sauropoda
    • Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H. 2nd edn, eds, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. Sauropoda. The Dinosauria 2004, 259-322. Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H. In, 2nd edn, eds, Berkeley, USA, University of California Press
    • (2004) The Dinosauria , pp. 259-322
    • Upchurch, P.1    Barrett, P.M.2    Dodson, P.3
  • 89
    • 4344584998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical reconstruction of the appendicular skeleton in three North American Jurassic sauropods
    • Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana State University
    • Wilhite DR. Biomechanical reconstruction of the appendicular skeleton in three North American Jurassic sauropods. 2003, Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana State University
    • (2003)
    • Wilhite, D.R.1
  • 90
    • 0035826235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branched integumental structures in Sinornithosaurus and the origin of feathers
    • Xu X, Zhou HH, Prum RO. Branched integumental structures in Sinornithosaurus and the origin of feathers. Nature 2001, 410:200-204.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 200-204
    • Xu, X.1    Zhou, H.H.2    Prum, R.O.3
  • 91
    • 85023694790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new species of the primitive dinosaur Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs
    • Yates AM. A new species of the primitive dinosaur Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. J Syst Paleo 2003, 1:1-42.
    • (2003) J Syst Paleo , vol.1 , pp. 1-42
    • Yates, A.M.1
  • 92
    • 77954441214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotory behavior in the lambeosaurine Hypacrosaurus stebingeri
    • Zelenitsky D, Therrien F, Currie PJ. Locomotory behavior in the lambeosaurine Hypacrosaurus stebingeri. J Vert Paleo 2006, 26:143A.
    • (2006) J Vert Paleo , vol.26
    • Zelenitsky, D.1    Therrien, F.2    Currie, P.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.