A model for the long-profile shape of submarine canyons

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface

Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

  Gerber, Thomas P ^a,b   Amblas, David ^c   Wolinsky, Matthew A ^d   Pratson, Lincoln F ^a   Canals, Miquel ^c  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CHEVRON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL SLOPE; DEPOSITION; MODELING; MORPHODYNAMICS; PROGRADATION; SEDIMENTATION; SUBMARINE CANYON; TURBIDITY CURRENT; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; UPLIFT;

EID: 77954334876     PISSN: 21699003     EISSN: 21699011     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JF001190     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Adams, E. W., and W. Schlager (2000), Basic types of submarine slope curvature, J. Sediment. Res., 70, 814-828, doi:10.1306/2DC4093A-0E47-11D7- 8643000102C1865D.
2. Akiyama, J., and H. Stefan (1985), Turbidity current with erosion and deposition, J. Hydraul. Eng., 111, 1473-1496, doi:10.1061/ (ASCE)0733-9429(1985) 111:12(1473).
3. Alonso, B., M. E. Field, J. V. Gardner, and A. Maldonado (1990), Sedimentary evolution of the Pliocene and Pleistocene Ebro margin, northeastern Spain, Mar. Geol., 95, 313-331, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(90)90122-Z.
4. Alonso, B., M. Canals, H. Got, and A. Maldonado (1991), Seavalleys and related depositional systems in the Catlalan Sea (northwestern Mediterranean Sea), AAPG Bull., 75, 1195-1214.
5. Alonso, B., M. Canals, A. Palanques, and J. P. Rehault (1995), A deep-sea channel in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: Morphology and seismic structure of the Valencia Channel and its surroundings, Mar. Geophys. Res., 17, 469-484, doi:10.1007/BF01371788. (Pubitemid 26443909)
6. Amblas, D., M. Canals, R. Urgeles, G. Lastras, C. Liquete, J. E. Hughes-Clarke, J. L. Casamor, and A. M. Calafat (2006), Morphogenetic mesoscale analysis of the northern Iberian margin, NW Mediterranean Basin, Mar. Geol., 234, 3-20, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2006.09.009. (Pubitemid 44838726)
7. Anderson, R. F., G. T. Rowe, P. Kemp, S. Trumbore, and P. E. Biscaye ( 1994), Carbon budget for the mid-slope depocenter of the Middle Atlantic Bight: A test of the shelf export hypothesis, Deep Sea Res., 11, 669-703.
8. Bertoni, C., and J. Cartwright (2005), 3-D seismic analysis of slope-confined canyons from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Ebro continental margin (western Mediterranean), Basin Res., 17, 43-62, doi:10.1111/j. 1365-2117.2005.00254.x. (Pubitemid 40367980)
9. Biscaye, P. E. (1994), Shelf edge exchange processes in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight: SEEP-II, Deep Sea Res., 11, 229-230.
10. Biscaye, P. E., and R. F. Anderson (1994), Fluxes of particulate matter on the slope of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight: SEEP-II, Deep Sea Res., 11, 459-509.
11. Bo Pederson, F. (1980), Environmental Hydraulics: Stratified Flows. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, vol. 18, 278 pp., Springer, Berlin.
12. Canals, M., J. L. Casamor, R. Urgeles, G. Lastras, A. M. Calafat, D. Masson, S. Berne, B. Alonso, and M. De Batist (2000), The Ebro continental margin, western Mediterranean Sea: Interplay between canyon-channel systems and mass wasting processes, in Deep-Water Reservoirs of the World [CD-ROM], edited by P. Weimer et al., pp. 152-174, Gulf Coast Sect, of the Soc. for Sediment, Geol., Houston, Tex.
13. Daly, R. A. (1936), Origin of submarine canyons, Am. J. Sci., 31, 401-420.
14. Dietrich, W. E. (1982), Settling velocity of natural particles, Water Resour. Res., 18, 1615-1626, doi:10.1029/WR018i006p01615.
15. Dietrich, W. E., D. G. Bellugi, L. S. Sklar, and. J. D. Stock (2003), Geomorphic transport laws for predicting landscape form and dynamics, in Prediction in Geomorphology, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 36, edited by P. R. Wilcock and R. M. Iverson, pp. 103-132, AGU, Washington, D. C.
16. Driscoll, N. W., and G. D. Karner (1999), Three-dimensional quantitative modeling of clinoform development, Mar. Geol., 154, 383-398, doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00125-X.
17. Ewing, M., B. C. Heezen, D. B. Ericson, J. Northrop, and J. Dorman (1953), Exploration of the northwest Atlantic mid-ocean canyon, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 64, 865-868, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[865:EOTNAM]2. 0.CO;2.
18. Farrán, M., and A. Maldonado (1990), The Ebro continental shelf: Quaternary seismic stratigraphy and growth patterns, Mar. Geol., 95, 289-312, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(90)90121-Y.
19. Field, M. E., and. J. V. Gardner (1990), Pliocene-Pleistocene growth of the Rio Ebro margin, northeast Spain: A prograding-slope model, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 102, 721-733, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0721: PPGOTR>2.3.CO;2.
20. Forde, E. B. (1981), Evolution of Veatch, Washington, and Norfolk submarine canyons: Inferences from strata and morphology, Mar. Geol., 39, 197-214, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(81)90072-4.
21. Forde, E. B., D. J. Stanley, W. B. Sawyer, and K. J. Slagle (1981), Sediment transport in Washington and Norfolk submarine canyons, Appl. Ocean Res., 3, 59-62, doi:10.1016/0141-1187(81)90002-X.
22. Fukushima, Y., G. Parker, and H. M. Pantin (1985), Prediction of ignitive turbidity currents in Scripps submarine canyon, Mar. Geol., 67, 55-81, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(85)90148-3.
23. Garcia, M., and G. Parker (1993), Experiments on the entrainment of sediment into suspension by a dense bottom current, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4793-4807, doi: 10.1029/92JC02404. (Pubitemid 23381062)
24. Gerber, T. P., L. F. Pratson, M. A. Wolinsky, R. Steel, J. Mohr, J. B. Swenson, and C. Paola (2008), Clinoform progradation by turbidity currents: Modeling and experiments, J. Sediment Res., 78, 220-238, doi:10.2110/jsr.2008. 023.
25. Ikeda, S., N. Izumi, and R. Ito (1991), Effects of pile dikes on flow retardation and sediment transport, J. Hydraul. Eng., 117, 1459-1478, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:11(1459). (Pubitemid 21735439)
26. Imran, J., G. Parker, and N. Katapodes (1998), A numerical model of channel inception on submarine fans, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1219-1238, doi:10.1029/97JC01721. (Pubitemid 28314852)
27. Izumi, N. (2004), The formation of submarine gullies by turbidity currents, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03048, doi:10.1029/2003JC001898.
28. Jordan, T. E., and P. B. Flemings (1991), Large-scale stratigraphic architecture, eustatic variation, and unsteady tectonism: A theoretical evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6681-6699, doi: 10.1029/90JB01399.
29. Kennett, J. P. (1982), Marine Geology, 813 pp., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
30. Kenyon, P. M., and D. L. Turcotte (1985), Morphology of a delta prograding by bulk sediment transport, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 1457-1465, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1457:MOADPB>2.0.CO;2.
31. Kirby, E., and K. Whipple (2001), Quantifying differential rock-uplift rates via stream profile analysis, Geology, 29, 415-418, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(2001)029<0415:QDRURV>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 35295121)
32. Kneller, B. (2003), The influence of flow parameters on turbidite slope channel architecture, Mar. Pet. Geol., 20, 901-910, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo. 2003.03.001.
33. Komar, P. D. (1985), The hydraulic interpretation of turbidites from their grain sizes and sedimentary structures, Sedimentology, 32, 395-409, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00519.x.
34. Ruehl, S. A., D. J. DeMaster, and C. A. Nittrouer (1986), Nature of sediment accumulation on the Amazon continental shelf, Cont Shelf Res., 6, 209-225, doi: 10.1016/0278-4343(86)90061-0. (Pubitemid 17272051)
35. Lastras, G., M. Canals, J. E. Hughes-Clarke, A. Moreno, M. De Batist, D. G. Masson, and P. Cochonat (2002), Seafloor imagery from the Big'95 debris flow, western Mediterranean, Geology, 30, 871-874, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002) 030<0871:SIFTBD>2.0.CO;2.
36. Lastras, G., M. Canals, R. Urgeles, M. De Batist, A. M. Calafat, and J. L. Casamor (2004), Characterization of the recent Big '95 debris flow deposit on the Ebro margin, western Mediterranean Sea, after a variety of seismic reflection, data, Mar. Geol., 213, 235-255, doi: 10.1016/ j.margeo.2004.10.008.
37. Mitchell, N. C. (2004), Form of submarine erosion from confluences in Atlantic USA continental slope canyons, Am. J. Sci., 304, 590-611, doi:10.2475/ajs.304.7.590.
38. Mitchell, N. C. (2005), Interpreting long-profiles of canyons in the USA Atlantic continental slope, Mar. Geol., 214, 75-99, doi:10.1016/ j.margeo.2004.09.005.
39. Mitchum, R. M., Jr., P. R. Vail, and J. B. Sangree (1977), Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 6: Stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflection patterns in depositions sequences, in Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration, AAPG Mem. Ser., vol. 26, edited by C. E. Payton, pp. 117-133, Am. Assoc. of Pet. Geol., Tulsa, Okla.
40. Mountain, G. S., J. E. Damuth, C. M. G. McHugh, J. M. Lorenzo, and C. S. Fulthorpe (1.996), Origin, reburial, and significance of a middle Miocene canyon, New Jersey continental slope, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 150, 283-292.
41. O'Grady, D. B., J. P. M. Syvitski, L. F. Pratson, and J. F. Sarg (2000), Categorizing the morphologic variability of siliciclastic passive continental margins, Geology, 28, 207-210, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<207: CTMVOS>2.0.CO;2.
42. Paola, C. (2000), Quantitative models of sedimentary basin filling, Sedimentology, 47, suppl. 1, 121-178, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00006.x.
43. Paola, C., P. L. Heller, and C. L. Angevine (1992), The large-scale dynamics of grain-size variation in alluvial basins, part 1: Theory, Basin Res., 4, 73-90.
44. Parker, G. (1982), Conditions for the ignition of catastrophically erosive turbidity currents, Mar. Geol., 46, 307-327, doi:10.1016/0025-3227(82) 90086-.X.
45. Parker, G. (2006), Theory for a clinoform of permanent form on a continental, margin emplaced by weak, dilute muddy turbidity currents, in River, Coastal, and Estuarine Morphodynamics, edited by G. Parker and M. Garcia, pp. 553-561, Taylor and. Francis, London.
46. Parker, G., Y. Fukushima, and H. M. Pantin (1986), Self-accelerating turbidity currents, J. Fluid Mech., 171, 145-181, doi:10.1017/ S0022112086001404.
47. Pelletier, J. D. (2007), Erosion-rate determination from foreland basin geometry, Geology, 35, 5-8, doi:10.1130/G22651A.1.
48. Piper, D. J. W. (1978), Turbidite muds and silts on deep sea fans and abyssal plains, in Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans and Trenches, edited by D. J. Stanley and G. Kelling, pp. 163-175, Dowden, Hutchison, and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa.
49. Pirmez, C., and J. Imran (2003), Reconstructing turbidity currents in Amazon Channel, Mar. Pet. Geol., 20, 823-849, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo. 2003.03.005.
50. Pirmez, C., L. F. Pratson, and M. S. Steckler (1998), Clinoform development by advection-diffusion of suspended sediment: Modeling and comparison to natural systems, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 24,141 -24,158, doi:10.1029/98JB01516.
51. Pirmez, C., R. T. Beaubouef, S. J. Friedmann, and D. C. Mohrig (2000), Equilibrium profile and baselevel in submarine channels: Examples from late Pleistocene systems and implications for the architecture of deep-water reservoirs, in Deep-Water Reservoirs of the World [CD-ROM], edited by P. Weimer et al., pp. 782-805, Gulf Coast Sect. of the Soc. for Sediment. Geol., Houston, Tex.
52. Poag, C. W. (1985), Depositional history and stratigraphic reference section for the central Baltimore Canyon trough, in Geologic Evolution of the United States Atlantic Margin, edited by C. W. Poag, pp. 217-264, Reinhold, New York.
53. Poag, C. W., and G. S. Mountain (1987), Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic evolution of the New Jersey continental slope and upper rise: An integration of borehole data with seismic reflection profiles, in Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, edited by C. W. Poag and A. B. Watts, pp. 673-724, U.S. Gov. Print. Off., Washington, D. C.
54. Pratson, L. F., and B. J. Coakley (1996), A model for the headward erosion of submarine canyons induced by downslope-eroding sediment flows, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 108, 225-234, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1996) 108<0225: AMFTHE>2.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 126550810)
55. Pratson, L. F., and E. P. Laine (1989), The relative importance of gravityinduced versus current-controlled sedimentation during the Quaternary along the mideast U.S. outer continental margin revealed by 3.5 kHz echo character, Mar. Geol., 89, 87-126, doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(89) 90029-7.
56. Pratson, L. F., W. B. F. Ryan, G. S. Mountain, and D. C. Twichell (1994), Submarine canyon initiation by downslope-eroding sediment flows: Evidence in late Cenozoic strata on the New Jersey continental slope, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 106, 395-412, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0395: SCIBDE>2.3.CO;2.
57. Pratsou, L. F., et al. (2007), Seascape evolution on clastic continental shelves and slopes, in Continental Margin Sedimentation: From Sediment Transport to Sequence Stratigraphy, Int. Assoc. Sediment. Spec. Pub. Ser., vol. 37, edited by C. A. Nittrouer et al., pp. 339-380, Blackwell, Maiden, Mass.
58. Puig, P., and A. Palanques (1998), Nepheloid structure and hydrographic control of the Barcelona continental margin, northwestern Mediterranean, Mar. Geol., 149, 39-54, doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00037-l. (Pubitemid 28356222)
59. Rona, P. A. (1970), Submarine canyon origin on upper continental slope off Cape Harteras, J. Geol., 78, 141-152.
60. Sangree, J. B., and J. M. Widmier (1977), Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level 9: Seismic interpretation of depositional facies, in Seismic Stratigraphy: Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration, AAPG Mem. Ser., vol. 26, edited, by C. E. Payton, pp. 165-184, Am. Assoc. of Pet. Geol., Tulsa, Okla.
61. Schlager, W., and E. W. Adams (2001), Model for the sigmoidal curvature of submarine slopes, Geology, 29, 883-886, doi: 10.1130/00917613(2001) 029<0883:MFTSCO>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 35302285)
62. Shepard, F. P. (1981), Submarine canyons; multiple causes and long-time persistence, AAPG Bull, 65, 1062-1077.
63. Sinha, S. K., and G. Parker (1996), Causes of concavity in longitudinal profiles of rivers, Water Resour. Res., 32, 1417-1428, doi:10.1029/ 95WR03819. (Pubitemid 26287617)
64. Sklar, L., and W. E. Dietrich (1998), River longitudinal profiles and bedrock incision models: Stream power and the influence of sediment supply, in Rivers Over Rock: Fluvial Processes in Bedrock Channels, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 107, edited by K. J. Tinkler and E. E. Wohl, pp. 237-260, AGU, Washington, D. C.
65. Snow, R. S., and R. L. Slingerland (1987), Mathematical modeling of graded river profiles, J. Geol., 95, 15-33.
66. Straub, K. M.,D. J. Jerolmack, D. Mohrig, and D. H. Rothman (2007), Channel network, scaling laws in submarine basins, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12613, doi:10.1029/2007GL030089.
67. Whipple, K. X., and G. E. Tucker (1999), Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,661-17,674, doi:10.1029/1999JB900120.
68. Whipple, K. X., and G. E. Tucker (2002), Implications of sediment-flux-dependent river incision models for landscape evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B2), 2039, doi:10.1029/2000JB000044.
69. Wolinsky, M. A., and L. F. Pratson (2007), Overpressure and slope stability in progradiug clinoforms: Implications for marine morphodynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F04011, doi:10.1029/2007JF000770.