The geography of warscape

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 385-399

  Korf, Benedikt ^a   Engeler, Michelle ^a   Hagmann, Tobias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTHORITARIANISM; CIVIL WAR; GEOPOLITICS; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; HEURISTICS; POWER RELATIONS; SOCIAL CONFLICT; THEORETICAL STUDY; WAR;

SIERRA LEONE; SRI LANKA;

EID: 77954161973     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2010.488466     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. S Lubkemann, Culture in Chaos: An Anthropology of the Social Condition in War, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
2. Important contemporary writings on the organisation of violence include G Elwert, 'Markets of violence', in G Elwert, S Feuchtwang & D Neubert (eds), Dynamics of Violence: Processes of Escalation and De-escalation in Violent Group Conflicts, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1999, pp 85-102.
3. C Cramer, CivilWar is Not a Stupid Thing: Accounting for Violence in Developing Countries, London: Hurst, 2006.
4. S Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
5. D Keen, The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars, London: International Institute of Strategic Studies, 1998.
6. K Schlichte, In the Shadow of Violence: The Politics of Armed Groups, Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 2009.
7. C Tilly, The Politics of Collective Violence, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
8. J Weinstein, Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
9. Recent ethnographies of the everyday realities of contemporary civil wars include S Finnström, Living with Bad Surroundings: War, History, and Everyday Moments in Northern Uganda, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
10. A Honwana, Child Soldiers in Africa, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
11. C Nordstrom, A Different Kind of War Story, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
12. A Robben & C Nordstrom (eds), Fieldwork under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995.
13. M Utas, 'Sweet battlefields: youth and the Liberian civil war', PhD thesis, Department of Cultural Anthropology, Uppsala University, 2003.
14. H Vigh, Navigating Terrains of War: Youth and Soldering in Guinea-Bissau, Oxford: Berghahn, 2006.
15. Nordstrom, A Different Kind of War Story, p 78.
16. The 'scape' suffix was originally popularised by Arjun Appadurai, who coined the terms 'ethnoscape', 'mediascape', 'technoscape', 'financescape' and 'ideoscape'. 'Scape' refers to 'the fluid, irregular shapes of these landscapes', which he conceptually construed as how 'these landscapes are eventually navigated by agents who both experience and constitute larger formations, in part from their own sense of what these landscapes offer'. A Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996, p 33.
17. Lubkemann A, Culture in Chaos, p 13.
18. D Hoffman & S Lubkemann, 'Warscape ethnography in West Africa and the anthropology of "events"', Anthropological Quarterly, 78(2), 2005, pp 315-327.
19. Lubkemann, Culture in Chaos, p 13.
20. A Robben & C Nordstrom, 'The anthropology and ethnography of violence and sociopolitical conflict', in Robben & Nordstrom, Fieldwork under Fire, p 4.
21. C Nordstrom, 'War on the front lines', in Robben & Nordstrom, Fieldwork under Fire, p 137.
22. Ibid, p 145.
23. Lubkemann, Culture in Chaos, p 22.
24. Ibid, p 13.
25. P Richards (ed), No Peace, No War: An Anthropology of Contemporary Armed Conflicts, Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2005.
26. Lubkemann, Culture in Chaos, p 13.
27. C Greenhouse, 'Altered states, altered lives: introduction', in C Greenhouse, E Mertz & K Warren (eds), Ethnography in Unstable Places: Everyday Lives in Contexts of Dramatic Political Change, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002, pp 1-34.
28. D Massey, For Space, London: Sage, 2005, p 7.
29. B Korf, 'War, livelihoods and vulnerability in Sri Lanka', Development and Change, 35(2), 2004, pp 275-295.
30. B Korf & M Engeler, 'Geographien der Gewalt', Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 51(3-4), pp 221-237.
31. Lubkemann, Culture in Chaos, pp 13-15.
32. Nordstrom, 'War on the front lines', p 143.
33. 'Ruses' are the tactics to which the less powerless resort to withstand domination. M de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984, p xv.
34. P Bourdieu, The Logic of Practice, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
35. Massey, For Space, p 45.
36. Ibid, p 55.
37. C Nordstrom, Shadows of War: Violence, Power, and International Profiteering in the Twenty-First Century, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004.
38. A Honwana, 'Innocent and guilty: child-soldiers as interstitial and tactical agents', in A Honwana & F de Boek (eds), Makers and Breakers: Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa, Oxford: James Currey, 2005, pp 31-52.
39. M Utas, 'Victimcy, girlfriending, soldiering: tactic agency in a young woman's social navigation of the Liberian war zone', Anthropological Quarterly, 78(2), 2005, p 407.
40. J Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985.
41. Vigh, Navigating Terrains of War, p 135.
42. Ibid, p 237ff.
43. Ibid, p 236.
44. M Watts, 'Development and governmentality', Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 24(1), 2003, pp 6-34.
45. M Watts, 'Antinomies of community: some thoughts on geography, resources and empire', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29(2), 2004, pp 195-216.
46. N Rose, Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
47. Ibid, p 32.
48. Watts, 'Development and governmentality', p 15.
49. Ibid, p 26.
50. M Watts, 'Resource curse? Governmentality, oil and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria', Geopolitics, 9(1), 2004, pp 50-80.
51. M Foucault, 'Governmentality', in G Burchell, C Gordon & P Miller (eds), The Foucault Effect, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp 87-104.
52. Massey, For Space.
53. In other words, what Watts calls 'governable space' is in our heuristics a 'governable order', as it refers to the distinct logics of governing and ordering rather than to their territorialisation in a specific spacetime.
54. Watts, 'Development and governmentality', p 26.
55. P Richards. 'Green book millenarians? The Sierra Leone war within the perspective of an anthropology of religion', in N Kastfelt (ed), Religion and African Civil Wars, London: Hurst, 2005, pp 119-146.
56. S Archibald & P Richards, 'Converts to human rights? Popular debate about war and justice in rural central Sierra Leone', Africa, 72(2), 2002, pp 339-367.
57. S Shepler, 'Les filles-soldats: trajectoires d'après-guerre en Sierra Leone', Politique Africaine, 88, 2002, pp 49-62.
58. C Coulter, 'Being a bush wife: women's lives through war and peace in northern Sierra Leone', PhD thesis, Uppsala University, 2006.
59. M Ferme, The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in Sierra Leone, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001.
60. Archibald & Richards, 'Converts to human rights?'.
61. M Jackson, In Sierra Leone, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.
62. C Fithen & P Richards, 'Making war, crafting peace: militia solidarities and demobilisation in Sierra Leone', in Richards, No Peace, No War, pp 117-136.
63. A Mehler, Oligopolies of Violence in Africa South of the Sahara, Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 2004.
64. B Korf & H Fünfgeld, 'War and the commons: assessing the changing politics of violence, access and entitlements in Sri Lanka', Geoforum, 37(3), 2006, pp 391-403.
65. B Korf, 'Rethinking the greed-grievance nexus: property rights and the political economy of war in Sri Lanka', Journal of Peace Research, 42(2), 2005, pp 201-217.
66. Scott, Weapons of the Weak.
67. Korf, 'War, livelihoods and vulnerability in Sri Lanka'.
68. Korf & Fünfgeld, 'War and the commons'.
69. The Tamil grievances relating to the state-sponsored colonisation of Sinhalese settlers in the east after independence have been widely discussed in the literature. See S Bastian, Control of State Land: The Devolution Debate, Colombo: International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 1995.
70. P Peebles, 'Colonization and ethnic conflict in the dry zone of Sri Lanka', Journal of Asian Studies, 49(1), 1990, pp 30-55.
71. S Tambiah, Sri Lanka: Ethnic Fratricide and the Dismantling of Democracy, Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1986.
72. Y Thangarajah, 'Ethnicization of the devolution debate and the militarization of civil society in North-Eastern Sri Lanka', in M Mayer, D Rajasingam-Senanayake & Y Thangarajah (eds), Building Local Capacities for Peace: Rethinking Conflict and Development in Sri Lanka, Delhi: Macmillan, 2003, pp 15-36.
73. Scott, Weapons of the Weak.
74. O Fuglerud, Life on the Outside: Tamil Diaspora and Long Distance Nationalism, London: Pluto Press, 1999.
75. J Goodhand, B Klem & B Korf, 'Religion, conflict and boundary politics in Sri Lanka', European Journal of Development Research, 21(5), 2009, pp 679-698.
76. International Crisis Group, Sri Lanka's Eastern Province: Land, Development, Conflict, Asia Report No 159, Colombo: International Crisis Group, 2008.
77. M Watts, Struggles Over Geography: Violence, Freedom and Development at the Millennium, Hettner Lecture No 3, Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg, 2000, pp 2, 8.
78. Watts builds on E Said's dictum 'struggles over geography', see E Said, Culture and Imperialism, London: Vintage, 1993, p 7.
79. Honwana, 'Innocent and guilty'.
80. Utas, 'Victimcy, girlfriending, soldiering'.
81. Korf, 'War, livelihoods and vulnerability in Sri Lanka'.
82. Watts, 'Development and governmentality', p 26.
83. E Said, Culture and Imperialism, p 7.