Experiences of widows with children: A qualitative study about spousal death in Iran

Nursing and Health Sciences

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 205-211

  Khosravan, Shahla ^a   Salehi, Shayesteh ^b   Ahmadi, Fazlollah ^c   Sharif, Farkhondeh ^d   Zamani, Ahmadreza ^e  

^a Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery   (Iran)

^b ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^c TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^d SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^e ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Conjugal bereavement; Constant comparative method; Grief; Hopelessness; Iran; Single parent families; Widows

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEREAVEMENT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IRAN; MARRIAGE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SPOUSE; WIDOW;

ADULT; BEREAVEMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; IRAN; MARITAL STATUS; MIDDLE AGED; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SPOUSES; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WIDOWHOOD;

EID: 77954151009     PISSN: 14410745     EISSN: 14422018     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00522.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Afkhami M, Friedl E. In the Eye of the Storm: Women in Post-revolutionary Iran 1994, New York, I. B.Tauris
2. Boelen P, Lensvelth-Mulders G. Psychometric properties of the grief cognitions questionnaire. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 2005, 27:291-303.
3. Bonanno G, Kaltman S. The varieties of grief experience. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2001, 21:705-734.
4. Buist D, Cunningham S, Young L. Lone mothers are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease compared with partnered mothers. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Health Care Women Int. 2005, 26:604-621.
5. Carnelley K, Wortman C, Bolger N, Burke C. The time course of grief reactions to spousal loss: evidence from a national probability sample. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2006, 91:476-492.
6. Cutcliff J, Braithwaite D. The principles and processes of inspiring hope in bereavement counseling: a modified grounded theory study - part one. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2006, 13:598-603.
7. Cutcliff J, McKenna H, Chinn P, Meleis A. The Essential Concepts of Nursing 2005, Edinburgh, Elsevier
8. Daggett L. Living with loss: middle-aged men face spousal bereavement. Qual. Health Res. 2002, 12:625-639.
9. Daggett L. Continued encounters: the experience of after-death communication. J. Holist. Nurs. 2005, 23:191-207.
10. Eakes G, Burke M, Hainsworth A. Middle-range theory of chronic sorrow. Image. J. Nurs. Scholarsh. 1998, 30:179-184.
11. Erikson M, Lindstrum B. Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale and its relation with quality of life: A systematic review. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2007, 61:938-944.
12. Field N, Friedrichs M. Continuing bonds in coping with the death of a husband. Death Stud. 2004, 28:597-620.
13. Fortinash K, Worret H. Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans 2007, St Louis, MO, Mosby
14. Fujiwara T, Lee C. Association of parental psychiatric morbidity with their altruistic behaviors and sense of obligation to children in the United States. Clin. Med. Psychiatry 2008, 1:25-35.
15. Gass-Sternas K. Single parent widows: stressors, appraisal, coping, resources, grieving responses and health. Marriage Fam. Rev. 1995, 20:411-445.
16. de Groot MH, de Keijser J, Neeleman J. Grief shortly after suicide and natural death: a comparative study among spouses and first-degree relatives. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 2006, 36:418-431.
17. Hennon C, Wilson S. Families in global context. Family and Family Change in Iran 2007, 263-265. Aghajanian A, In, ed., New York, Haworth
18. Holmes T, Rahe R. The social adjustment rating scale. J. Psychosom. Res. 1967, 11:213-218.
19. Holtslander L. Searching for new hope: a grounded theory of the experience of hope for older women who are bereaved palliative caregivers. 2007, Dissertation, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, University of Saskatchewan
20. Hyrkas K, Kaunonen M, Paunonen M. Recovering from the death of a spouse. J. Adv. Nurs. 1997, 25:775-779.
21. Johnson B. Psychiatric - Mental Health Nursing Adaptation and Growth 1997, Philadelphia, Lippincott
22. Kowalski S, Bondmass M. Physiological and psychological symptoms of grief in widows. Res. Nurs. Health 2008, 31:23-30.
23. Larese C. Supportive care in the role transition to widowhood. JHPN 2008, 10:164-169.
24. Lokshin M, Harris K, Popkin B. Single mothers in Russia: household strategies for coping with poverty. World Dev. 2000, 12:2183-2198.
25. Lowe ME. The lived experience of untimely spousal bereavement (Thesis). 2005, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, University of Saskatchewan
26. Mitchell M, Sakraida T, Kim Y, Bullian L, Chiappetta L. Depression, anxiety and quality of life in suicide survivors: a comparison of close and distant relationships. Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs. 2009, 23:2-10.
27. Moghadam V. Women, work, and ideology in the Islamic Republic. Int. J. Middle East Stud. 1988, 20:221-243.
28. Mohammadi M, Haratoon D, Noorbala A. An epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders in Iran. Clin. Pract. Epidemol. Ment. Health 2005, 1:16-21.
29. Niemeyer R. Complicated grief and the quest for meaning: a constructivist contribution. Omega J. Death Dying 2005, 52:37-52.
30. Ott C, Lueger R. Patterns of change in mental health status during the first two years of spousal bereavement. Death Stud. 2002, 26:387-411.
31. Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of Nursing Research. Methods, Appraisal and Utilization 2006, Philadelphia, Lippincot
32. Rodger M. Living beyond the unanticipated sudden death of a partner: a phenomenological study. Omega J. Death Dying 2006, 54:107-133.
33. Sadock B, Sadock V. Kaplan & Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry 2008, Philadelphia, Lippincott
34. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry 2003, Philadelphia, Lippincott
35. Schaal S, Elbert T, Neuner F. Prolonged grief disorder and depression in widows due to Rwandan genocide. Omega J. Death Dying 2009, 3:203-219.
36. Shakeri A, Sadeghi S. Quality of life of Esfahanian women (research work) 2008, Esfahan, Esfahan Welfare Organization
37. Sheykhi M. A sociological review of the reflections and dimensions of quality of life of the widows in Tehran. Soc. Indic. Res. 2006, 18:251-270.
38. National Census of Population and Housing of Iran. 2006, http://amar.sci.org.ir, Statistical Center of Iran, [Cited 23 Nov 2008.] Available from URL:
39. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory 1998, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage
40. Ungar L, Florian V. What helps middle-aged widows with their psychology and social adaptation several years after their loss? Death Stud. 2004, 28:621-642.
41. Zhang B, El-Jawahri A, Prigerson HG. Update on bereavement research: evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of complicated bereavement. J. Palliat. Med. 2006, 9:1188-1203.