Muscle stiffness and rate of torque development during sprint cycling

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 42, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1324-1332

  Watsford, Mark ^a   Ditroilo, Massimiliano ^b,c   Fernández Peña, Eneko ^b   D'Amen, Giancarlo ^b   Lucertini, Francesco ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF URBINO   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Elasticity; Isometric torque; Muscle tendon unit; Rate of force production

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BICYCLE; EXERCISE; HUMAN; MALE; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PHYSIOLOGY; QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE; TORQUE; CYCLING; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; BICYCLING; EXERCISE; HUMANS; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; QUADRICEPS MUSCLE; TORQUE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77954074542     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ce509d     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aagaard P, Simonsen EB, Andersen JL, Magnusson P, Dyhre-Poulsen P. Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93(4):1318-1326
2. Andersen LL, Aagaard P. Influence of maximal muscle strength and intrinsic muscle contractile properties on contractile rate of force development. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;96(1):46-52.
3. Atkinson G, Davison R, Jeukendrup A, Passfield L. Science and cycling: current knowledge and future directions for research. J Sports Sci. 2003;21(9):767-787
4. Blackburn JT, Bell DR, Norcross MF, Hudson JD, Kimsey MH. Sex comparison of hamstring structural and material properties. Clin Biomech. 2009;24(1):65-70.
5. Bojsen-Moller J, Magnusson SP, Rasmussen LR, Kjaer M, Aagaard P. Muscle performance during maximal isometric and dynamic contractions is influenced by the stiffness of the tendinous structures. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99(3):986-994
6. Broker JP. Cycling biomechanics: road and mountain. In: Burke ER, editor. High Tech Cycling. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2003. p. 119-146
7. Burgess KE, Connick MJ, Graham-Smith P, Pearson SJ. Plyo-metric vs. isometric training influences on tendon properties and muscle output. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):986-989
8. Butler RJ, Crowell HP 3rd, Davis IM. Lower extremity stiffness: implications for performance and injury. Clin Biomech. 2003;18(6): 511-517
9. Cavanagh PR, Komi PV. Electromechanical delay in human skeletal muscle under concentric and eccentric contractions. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1979;42(3):159-163
10. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988. p. 567.
11. Coleman SGS, Hale T. The use of force pedals for analysis of cycling sprint performance. 16th Symposium of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sport. Konstanz (Germany): International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, 1998. p. 138-141
12. Coyle EF, Feltner ME, Kautz SA, et al. Physiological and biomechanical factors associated with elite endurance cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(1):93-107.
13. Ericson MO, Bratt A, Nisell R, Arborelius UP, Ekholm J. Power output and work in different muscle groups during ergometer cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1986;55(3):229-235
14. Faria EW, Parker DL, Faria IE. The science of cycling: factors affecting performance\part 2. Sports Med. 2005;35(4):313-337
15. Fernández-Peña E, Lucertini F, Ditroilo M. A maximal isokinetic pedalling exercise for EMG normalization in cycling. J Electro-myogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(3):e162-70.
16. Granata KP, Wilson SE, Padua DA. Gender differences in active musculoskeletal stiffness: Part I. Quantification in controlled measurements of knee joint dynamics. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2002;12(2):119-126
17. Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Med. 2000;30(1):1-15.
18. Jaric S. Muscle strength testing: use of normalisation for body size. Sports Med. 2002;32(10):615-631
19. Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Effects of repeated muscle contractions on the tendon structures in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;84(1-2):162-166
20. Kubo K, Morimoto M, Komuro T, et al. Effects of plyometric and weight training on muscle-tendon complex and jump performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):1801-1810
21. Kubo K, Yata H, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of isometric squat training on the tendon stiffness and jump performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;96(3):305-314
22. Lambertz D, Perot C, Kaspranski R, Goubel F. Effects of long-term spaceflight on mechanical properties of muscles in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2001;90(1):179-188
23. Lucia A, Hoyos J, Chicharro JL. Preferred pedalling cadence in professional cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(8):1361-1366
24. McLachlan KA, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, Rees S. The interday reliability of leg and ankle musculotendinous stiffness measures. J Appl Biomech. 2006;22(4):296-304.
25. McNair PJ, Stanley SN. Effect of passive stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness and range of motion of the ankle joint. Br J Sports Med. 1996;30(4):313-317
26. McNair PJ, Wood GA, Marshall RN. Stiffness of the hamstring muscles and its relationship to function in anterior cruciate ligament deficient individuals. Clin Biomech. 1992;7:131-137
27. Mero A, Jaakkola L, Komi PV. Relationships between muscle fibre characteristics and physical performance capacity in trained athletic boys. J Sports Sci. 1991;9(2):161-171
28. Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, Pine MJ, Coutts AJ. Reliability of a test of musculotendinous stiffness for the triceps-surae. Phys Ther Sport. 2003;4(4):175-181
29. Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Hull ML. The effect of pedaling rate on coordination in cycling. J Biomech. 1997;30(10):1051-1058
30. Pousson M, Van Hoecke J, Goubel F. Changes in elastic characteristics of human muscle induced by eccentric exercise. J Biomech. 1990;23(4):343-348
31. Raasch CC, Zajac FE, Ma B, Levine WS. Muscle coordination of maximum-speed pedaling. J Biomech. 1997;30(6):595-602.
32. Rabita G, Couturier A, Lambertz D. Influence of training background on the relationships between plantarflexor intrinsic stiffness and overall musculoskeletal stiffness during hopping. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;103(2):163-171
33. Sanderson DJ, Black A. The effect of prolonged cycling on pedal forces. J Sports Sci. 2003;21(3):191-199
34. Sanderson DJ, Hennig EM, Black AH. The influence of cadence and power output on force application and in-shoe pressure distribution during cycling by competitive and recreational cyclists. J Sports Sci. 2000;18(3):173-181
35. Shorten MR. Muscle elasticity and human performance. Med Sport Sci. 1987;25:1-18.
36. Spurrs RW, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML. The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(1):1-7.
37. Thorlund JB, Michalsik LB, Madsen K, Aagaard P. Acute fatigue-induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromus-cular activity in elite handball players following a handball match. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(4):462-472
38. Walshe AD, Wilson GJ. The influence of musculotendinous stiffness on drop jump performance. Can J Appl Physiol. 1997;22(2):117-132
39. Walshe AD, Wilson GJ, Murphy AJ. The validity and reliability of a test of lower body musculotendinous stiffness. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;73(3-4):332-339
40. Wilson GJ, Elliott BC, Wood GA. Stretch shorten cycle performance enhancement through flexibility training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(1):116-123
41. Wilson GJ, Murphy AJ, Pryor JF. Musculotendinous stiffness: its relationship to eccentric, isometric, and concentric performance. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76(6):2714-2719
42. Wilson GJ, Wood GA, Elliott BC. Optimal stiffness of series elastic component in a stretch-shorten cycle activity. J Appl Physiol. 1991;70(2):825-833
43. Wilson JM, Flanagan EP. The role of elastic energy in activities with high force and power requirements: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1705-1715