Reliability and confirmatory factorial analysis of the Toronto Alexithimia Scala-20 (TAS-20) with Brazilian students;Estudos da consistência interna e fatorial confirmatório da escala Toronto de Alexitimia-20 (ETA-20)

Interamerican Journal of Psychology

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 221-230

  Wiethaeuper, Daniela ^a   Balbinotti, Marcos Alencar Abaide ^a   Pelisoli, Cátula ^a   Barbosa, Marcus Levi Lopes ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINOS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Alexithymia; Students; Test validity

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953957013     PISSN: 00349690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Acklin, R. W., & Alexander, G. (1988). Alexithymia and somatization: A Rorschach study of four psychosomatic groups. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 343-350.
2. Adami, G. F., Campostano, A., Ravera, G., Leggieri, M., & Scopinaro, N. (2001). Alexithymia and body weight in obese patients. Behavioral Medicine, 27, 121-126.
3. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155-173.
4. Angers, M. (1992). Initiation pratique à la méthodologie des sciences humaines. Montréal, Canada: Les Éditions de la Chenelière
5. Apfel, R. J., & Sifneos, P. E. (1979). Alexithymia: Concept and measurement. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 32, 180-190.
6. Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D., & Taylor, G. J. (1991). Reassessing the reliability and validity of the MMPI Alexithymia Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 238-253.
7. Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale - I: Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23-32.
8. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Atkinson, L. (1988). Alexithymia: A comparative study of three self-reports measures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 32, 107-116.
9. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. (1992). Reliability and validity of the 20-Item Toronto-Alexithymia-Scale. Pôster apresentado no Encontro do 50o Aniversário da American Psychosomatic Society, New York, USA.
10. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. (1994). The 20-Item Toronto-Alexithymia-Scale 2. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomathic Research, 38(1), 33-40.
11. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., Parker, J. D., & Loiselle, C. (1990). Cross-validation of the factor structure of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 34, 47-51.
12. Bankier, B., Aigner, M., & Bach, M. (2001). Alexithymia in DSM-IV disorder: Comparative evaluation of somatoform disorder, panic disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and depression. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liasion Psychiatry, 42(3), 235-240.
13. Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Segall, M. H., & Dasen, P. R. (1992). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
14. Bisquera, R. (1987). Introducción a la estadística aplicada a la investigación educativa: Un enfoque informático con los paquetes BMDP y SPSS. Barcelona, España: PPU.
15. Bourke M. P., Taylor, G. J., Parker J. D. A., Bagby R. M. (1992.) Alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa: a preliminary investigation. Britsh Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 240-243.
16. Briggs, S. R., & Cheek, J. M. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. Journal of Personality, 54, 106-148.
17. Brody, S. (2003). Alexithymia is inversely associated with women's frequency of vaginal intercourse. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(1), 73-77.
18. Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (1999). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS release 8 for Windows: A guide for social scientists. New York, USA: Routledge.
19. Ciano, R., Rocco, P. L., Angarano, A., Biasin, E., & Balestrieri, M. (2002). Groupanalytic and psychoeducational therapies for binge-eating disorder: An exploratory study on efficacy and persistence of effects. Psychotherapy-Research, 12(2), 231-239.
20. Clark, K. A. (2001). An analysis of post trauma personality symptoms in alexithymia. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(3), 1569B.
21. Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 584-594.
22. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
23. Cronbach, L. J. (1988). Internal-Consistency of tests: Analyses old and new. Psychometrika, 53, 63-70.
24. Cronbach, L. J. (1996). Fundamentos da testagem psicológica. Porto Alegre, Brasil: Artes Médicas.
25. Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302.
26. Cronbach, L. J., Rajaratnam, N., & Gleser, G. C. (1963). Theory of generalizability: A liberalization of reliability theory. The British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 16(2), 137-163.
27. Dassa, C. (1999). Analyse multidimensionnelle exploratoire et confirmative. Montreal, Canada: Université Montréal.
28. De Panfilis, C., Salvatore, P., Avanzini, M., Gariboldi, S., & Maggini, C. (2001).Alexithymia in eating disorders: A personality disturbance? Psichiatria e Psicoterapia Analitica, 20(4), 349-361.
29. Eizaguirre, A. E., Cabezon, M. A. O. S., Alda, I. O., Apellaniz, M., & Mendez, A. A. (2001). Alexitimia, familia y trastornos alimentarios. Anales de Psicologia, 17(1), 139-149.
30. Espina, E. A., Ortega, S. C. M. A., & Ochoa, A. M. I. (2001). Un ensayo controlado de intervenciones familiares en trastornos alimentarios. Cambios en alexitimia. Anales de Psiquiatria, 17(2), 64-72.
31. Espina, E. A., Ortega, S. C. M. A., Ochoa, A. M. I., & Aleman, A. (2002). Alexitimia en los trastornos alimentarios. Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta, 28(117), 25-42.
32. Faryna, A., Rodenhauser, R., & Torem, M. (1986). Development of Analog Alexithymia Scale: testing in a patient population. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 45, 201-206.
33. Feldman, J. M., Lehrer, P. M., & Hochron, S. M. (2002). The predictive value of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale among patients with asthma. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(6), 1049-1052.
34. Fortune, D. G., Richards, H. L., Griffiths, C. E. M., & Main, C. J. (2002). Psychological stress, distress and disability in patients with psoriasis: Consensus and variation in the contribution of illness perceptions, coping and alexithymia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(2), 157-174.
35. Garfinkel, P. E., & Garner, D. M. (1982). Anorexia nervosa: A multidimensional perspective, Brunner/Mazel. New York, USA: Routledge.
36. Garson g. D. (2004). Guide to writing empirical papers, theses and dissertations. Raleigh, USA: Notrh Carolina Sate University Editor.
37. Guilbaud, O., Corcos, M., Chambry, J., Paterniti, S., & Jeammet, P. (2000). Alexithymie et depression dans les troubles des conduites alimentaires. Encephale, 26(5), 1-6.
38. Guilbaud, O., Corcos, M., Chambry, J., Paterniti, S., Flament, M., & Jeammet, P. (1999). Vulnerabilité psychosomatique et troubles des conduites alimentaires. Annales Medico Psychologiques, 157(6), 390-401.
39. Haviland, M. G., Hendryx, M. S., Cummings, M. A., Shaw, D. G., & MacMurray, J. P. (1991). Multidimensionality and state dependency of alexithymia in recently sober alcoholics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 284-290.
40. Hendryx, M. S., Haviland, M. G., & Shaw, D. G. (1991). Dimensions of alexithymia and their relationship to anxiety and depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 227-237.
41. Hogan, R., & Nicholson, R. A. (1988). The meaning of personality test scores. American Psychologist, 43, 621-626.
42. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1986). LISTREL VI: Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by Maximum Likelihood, Instrumental Variables, and Least Squares Methods, Scientific Software. Mooresville, USA: Scientific Software Ed.
43. Kauhanen, J., Julkunen, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1991). Alexithymia and perceived symptoms: Criterion validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 56, 247-252.
44. Kirmayer, L. J. (1987). Languages of suffering and healing: Alexithymia as a social and cultural phenomenon. Transcultral Psychiatry Research Review, 24, 119-136
45. Kirmayer, L. J., & Robbins, J. M. (1991). What does the Toronto Alexithymia Scale really measure? Psychosomatic Medicine, 53, 222.
46. Kleiger, J. H., & Kinsman, R. A. (1980). The development of an MMPI alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 34, 17-24.
47. Krystal, H., Giller, E. L., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1986). Assessment of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic illness: Introduction of a reliable measure. Psychosomatic Medicine, 48, 84-94.
48. Krystal, H. (1988). Integration and self-healing: Affect trauma, alexithymia. Hillsdale, USA: Analytic Press.
49. Lane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: A cognitivedevelopmental theory and its application to psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 133-143.
50. Leduc, K. L. (2002). Alexithymia, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in incarcerated juvenile offenders. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(2), 1036B.
51. Lesser, I. M. (1985). Current concepts in psychiatry: Alexithymia. New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 690-692.
52. Lolas, F., & Von Rad, M. (1989). Alexithymia. In S. Cheren (Ed.), Psychosomatic medicine: Theory, physiology, and practice (Vol. 1, pp. 189-237). Madison, USA: International Universities Press.
53. Lu, N., Yue, Z., & Shu, F. (2001). Alexithymia of patients with essential hypertension or type II diabetes mellitus. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 15(3), 163-165.
54. Madioni, F., & Mammana, L. A. (2001). Toronto Alexithymia Scale in outpatients with sexual disorders. Psychopathology, 34(2), 95-98.
55. Marchesi, C., Brusamonti, E., & Maggini, C. (2000). Are alexithymia, depression, and anxiety distinct constructs in affective disorders? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49(1), 43-49.
56. Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391-410.
57. Nakao, M., Barsky, A. J., Kumano, H., & Kuboki, T. (2002). Relationship between somatosensory amplification and alexithymia in a Japanese psychosomatic clinic. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, 43(1), 55-60.
58. Nemiah, J. C., & Sifneos, P. E (1970). Affect and fantasy in patient with psychosomatic disorders. In O. W. Hill (Ed.), Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine (Vol. 2, pp. 26-34). London, UK: Butterworths.
59. Nemiah, J. C., Freyberg, H., & Sifneos, P. E. (1976). Alexithymia: A view of the psychosomatic process. In O. W. Hill (Ed.), Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine (Vol. 3, pp. 430-439). London, UK: Butterworths.
60. Norton, N. C. (1989). Three scales of alexithymia: Do they measure the same thing? Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 621-637.
61. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2a ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.
62. Parker, J. D., Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., Endler, N. S., & Schmitz, P. (1993). Factorial validity of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. European Journal of Personality, 7, 221-232.
63. Parker, J. D. A., Taylor G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Thomas, S. ( 1991) Problems with measurement of alexithymia. Psychosomatics, 32, 196-202.
64. Pasquali, L. (2003). Psicometria: Teoria dos testes na psicologia e na educação. Petrópolis, Brasil: Vozes.
65. Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. G. (2003). Análise de dados para ciências sociais: A complementaridade do SPSS (3a ed.). Lisboa, Portugal: Sílabo.
66. Peters, R. M. (2002). The role of chronic stress, stress emotions, and emotional regulation in hypertension among African Americans. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(12), 5645B.
67. Prince R. (1987). Alexithymia and verbal psychotherapies in cultural context. Transcultural Psychiatry Research Review, 24, 107-118
68. Reis, E. (2000). Estatística descritiva. Lisboa, Portugal: Sílabo.
69. Schut, A. J., Castonguay, L. G., & Borkovec, T. D. (2001). Compulsive checking behaviors in generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(6), 705-715.
70. Sifneos, P. E. (1972). Is dynamic psychotherapy controindicated for a large number of patients with psychosomatic disease? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 21, 133-136.
71. Sifneos, P. E. (1973). The prevalences of alexithymic characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 22, 255-262.
72. Sifneos, P. E. (1986). The Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale-Revised. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 45, 161-165.
73. Sirkin, R. M. (1999). Statistics for the social sciences. London, UK: Sage.
74. Taylor, G. J. (1984). Alexithymia: Concept, measurement and implications for treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 725-732.
75. Taylor, G. J. (1992a). Psychoanalysis and Psychosomatics: A new synthesis. Journal of American Academy of Psychoabalysis, 20, 251-275.
76. Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (1988). The measurement of alexithymia: Recommendations for clinical practice and future research. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 351-366.
77. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (1991). The alexithymia construct: A potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics, 32, 153-164.
78. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (1992). The Revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Some reliability, validity, and normative data. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 57, 34-41.
79. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
80. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (2003). The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale IV. Realiability and factorial validity in different languages and cultures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 55, 277-283.
81. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., Ryan, D. P., & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Validation of the alexithymia construct: A measurement-based approach. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 290-297.
82. Taylor, G. J., Parker, J. D. A., & Bagby, R. M. (1990). A preliminary investigation of alexithymia in men with psychoactive substance dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1228-1230.
83. Taylor, G. J., Parker, J. D. A., Bagby, R. M., & Acklin, M. W. (1992). Alexithymia and somatic complaints in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 417-424.
84. Taylor, G. J., Ryan, D. P., & Bagby, R. M. (1985). Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 44, 191-199.
85. Trudel, R., & Antonius, R. (1991). Méthodes quantitatives apliques aux sciences humaines. Montréal, Canada: Les Éditions de la Cheneliére.
86. Vallerand, R. J. (1989). Vers une métodologie de validation transculturelle des questionnaires psychologiques: Implications pour la recherche en langue française. Psychologie Canadienne, 30, 662-680.
87. Von Rad, M. (1983). Alexithymie. New York, USA: Springer.
88. Watkins, D. (1989). The role of confirmatory factor analysis in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 24, 685-701.
89. Wierzbicka, A. (1999). Emotions across languages and cultures. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
90. Wiethaeuper, D., & Balbinotti, M. A. A. (2003). Escala Toronto de Alexitimia. Versão Brasileira da Toronto Alexitimia Scale. Escala não publicada, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brasil.
91. Wise, T. N., Simpson, N., & Sheridan, M. J. (2000). Comparison of 26-item and 20-item versions of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale for psychiatric outpatients. Psychological Reports, 87(1), 127-132.
92. Xiao, L., Cheng, Z., & Wang, G. (2002). Psychosomatic factors in patients with psoriasis. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 16(10), 693-695.
93. Yoshida, E. M. P. (2000). Toronto Alexithymia Scale-TAS: Precisão e validade da versão em Português. Psicologia: Teoria e Pratica, 2(1), 59-74.
94. Zeitlin, S. B., Lane, R. D., O'Leary, D. S., & Schrift, M. J. (1989). Interhemispheric transfer deficit and alexithymia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1434-1439.