Enterococcus species distribution among human and animal hosts using multiplex PCR

Journal of Applied Microbiology

Volumn 109, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 539-547

  Layton, B A ^a   Walters, S P ^a   Lam, L H ^a   Boehm, A B ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

environmental; environmental recreational water; indicators; microbial contamination

Indexed keywords

BACILLI;

ENTEROCOCCUS AVIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL/RECREATIONAL WATER; FAECAL SAMPLES; HUMAN FAECAL; MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; RECREATIONAL WATER; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATIONS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS;

MAMMALS;

WATER;

ANIMAL; BACTERIUM; BIOINDICATOR; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTION; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANT SOURCE; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS;

ARTICLE; DOG; ENTEROCOCCUS; ENTEROCOCCUS AVIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS CASSELIFLAVUS; ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS GALLINARUM; ENTEROCOCCUS HIRAE; ENTEROCOCCUS SACCHAROLYTICUS; FECES; HORSE; HOST; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; NONHUMAN; NORMAL HUMAN; SEAL; SEWAGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION;

ANIMALIA; AVES; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ENTEROCOCCUS; ENTEROCOCCUS AVIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS CASSELIFLAVUS; ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS GALLINARUM; ENTEROCOCCUS HIRAE; ENTEROCOCCUS SACCHAROLYTICUS; MAMMALIA;

EID: 77953812275     PISSN: 13645072     EISSN: 13652672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04675.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Aarestrup, F.M., Butaye, P. Witte, W. (2002) Nonhuman reservoirs of enterococci. In The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance eds. Gilmore, M.S. Clewell, D.B. pp. 55 100.
2. APHA (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
3. Ashbolt, N.J., Grabow, W.O.K. Snozzi, M. (2001) Risk assessment and management for water-related infectious disease: indicators of microbial water quality. In Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health eds. Fewtrell, L. Bartram, J. pp. 289 315.
4. Bartram, J. Rees, G. (2000) Monitoring Bathing Waters: A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Assessments and Monitoring Programmes.
5. Betancourt, W.Q. Fujioka, R.S. (2009) Evaluation of enterococcal surface protein genes as markers of sewage contamination in tropical recreational waters. Water Sci Technol 60, 261 266.
6. Boehm, A.B., Ashbolt, N.J., Colford, J.M., Dunbar, L.E., Fleming, L.E., Gold, M.A., Hansel, J.A., Hunter, P.R. et al. (2009) A sea change ahead for recreational water quality criteria. J Water Health 7, 9 20.
7. Bonilla, T.D., Nowosielski, K., Esiobu, N., McCorquodale, D.S. Rogerson, A. (2006) Species assemblages of Enterococcus indicate potential sources of fecal bacteria at a south Florida recreational beach. Mar Pollut Bull 52, 807 810.
8. Caldwell, J.M., Raley, M.E. Levine, J.F. (2007) Mitochondrial multiplex real-time PCR as a source tracking method in fecal-contaminated effluents. Environ Sci Technol 41, 3277 3283.
9. Colford, J.M., Wade, T.J., Schiff, K.C., Wright, C.C., Griffith, J.F., Sandhu, S.K., Burns, S., Sobsey, M. et al. (2007) Water quality indicators and the risk of illness at beaches with nonpoint sources of fecal contamination. Epidemiology 18, 27 35.
10. Deasy, B.M., Rea, M.C., Fitzgerald, G.F., Cogan, T.M. Beresford, T.P. (2000) A rapid PCR based method to distinguish between Lactococcus and Enterococcus. Syst Appl Microbiol 23, 510 522.
11. Devriese, L.L.A., van de Kerckhove, A., Kilpper-Baelz, R. Schleifer, K. (1987) Characterization and identification of Enterococcus species isolated from the intestines of animals. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 257 259.
12. Dorfman, M. Stoner, N. (2007) Testing the Waters: A Guide to Water Quality at Vacation Beaches.
13. Ferguson, D.M., Moore, D.F., Getrich, M.A. Zhowandai, M.H. (2005) Enumeration and speciation of enterococci found in marine and intertidal sediments and coastal water in southern California. J Appl Microbiol 99, 598 608.
14. Field, K.G. Samadpour, M. (2007) Fecal source tracking, the indicator paradigm, and managing water quality. Water Res 41, 3517 3538.
15. Fogarty, L.R., Haack, S.K., Wolcott, M.J. Whitman, R.L. (2003) Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces. J Appl Microbiol 94, 865 878.
16. Freeman, A.I. (1995) The benefits of water quality improvements for marine recreation: a review of the empirical evidence. Mar Resour Econ 10, 385 406.
17. Harwood, V.J., Delahoya, N.C., Ulrich, R.M., Kramer, M.F., Whitlock, J.E., Garey, J.R. Lim, D.V. (2004) Molecular confirmation of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium from clinical, faecal and environmental sources. Lett Appl Microbiol 38, 476 482.
18. Jackson, C.R., Fedorka-Cray, P.J. Barrett, J.B. (2004) Use of a genus- and species-specific multiplex PCR for identification of enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 42, 3558 3565.
19. Kühn, I., Iversen, A., Burman, L.G., Olsson-Liljequist, B., Franklin, A., Finn, M., Aarestrup, F., Seyfarth, A.M. et al. (2003) Comparison of enterococcal populations in animals, humans, and the environment - a European study. Int J Food Microbiol 88, 133 145.
20. Kuntz, R.L., Hartel, P.G., Rodgers, K. Segars, W.I. (2004) Presence of Enterococcus faecalis in broiler litter and wild bird feces for bacterial source tracking. Water Res 38, 3551 3557.
21. Layton, B.A., Walters, S.P. Boehm, A.B. (2009) Distribution and diversity of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in animal hosts and the Pacific coast environment. J Appl Microbiol 106, 1521 1531.
22. Lleo, M.M., Bonato, B., Tafi, M.C., Signoretto, C., Boaretti, M. Canepari, P. (2001) Resuscitation rate in different enterococcal species in the viable but non-culturable state. J Appl Microbiol 91, 1095 1102.
23. Lleo, M.d.M., Bonato, B., Benedetti, D. Canepari, P. (2005) Survival of enterococcal species in aquatic environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 54, 189 196.
24. Manero, A., Vilanova, X., Cerda-Cuellar, M. Blanch, A.R. (2002) Characterization of sewage waters by biochemical fingerprinting of enterococci. Water Res 36, 2831 2835.
25. Müller, T., Ulrich, A., Ott, E.M. Müller, M. (2001) Identification of plant-associated enterococci. J Appl Microbiol 91, 268 278.
26. Mundt, J.O. (1963) Occurrence of enterococci in animals in a wild environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 11, 136 140.
27. Mundt, J.O. Graham, W.F. (1968) Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus, nov. var. J Bacteriol 95, 2005 2009.
28. Murray, B.E. (1990) The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 3, 46 65.
29. Ruoff, K.L., de la Maza, L., Murtagh, M.J., Spargo, J.D. Ferraro, M.J. (1990) Species identities of enterococci isolated from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 28, 435 437.
30. Scott, T.M., Jenkins, T.M., Lukasik, J. Rose, J.B. (2005) Potential use of a host associated molecular marker in Enterococcus faecium as an index of human fecal pollution. Environ Sci Technol 39, 283 287.
31. Simpson, J.M., Santo Domingo, J.W. Reasoner, D.J. (2002) Microbial source tracking: state of the science. Environ Sci Technol 36, 5279 5288.
32. USEPA 2007) Proceedings of the Experts Scientific Workshop on Critical Research Needs for the Development of New or Revised Recreational Water Quality Criteria No. EPA 823-R-07-006.
33. Wheeler, A.L., Hartel, P.G., Godfrey, D.G., Hill, J.L. Segars, W.I. (2002) Potential of Enterococcus faecalis as a human fecal indicator for microbial source tracking. J Environ Qual 31, 1286 1293.
34. Wolf, S., Hewitt, J., Rivera-Aban, M. Greening, G.E. (2008) Detection and characterization of F+ RNA bacteriophages in water and shellfish: application of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR. J Virol Methods 149, 123 128.
35. Yamahara, K.M., Layton, B.A., Santoro, A.E. Boehm, A.B. (2007) Beach sands along the California coast are diffuse sources of fecal bacteria to coastal waters. Environ Sci Technol 41, 4515 4521.