Droplet-scale estrogen assays in breast tissue, blood, and serum

Science Translational Medicine

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Mousa, Noha A ^a   Jebrail, Mais J ^a,b   Yang, Hao ^b   Abdelgawad, Mohamed ^b   Metalnikov, Pavel ^c   Chen, Jian ^c   Wheeler, Aaron R ^a,b,d   Casper, Robert F ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c MaRS Center   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^e MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN;

ARTICLE; BLOOD; BREAST; FEMALE; HUMAN; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MICROFLUIDICS;

BREAST; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MICROFLUIDICS;

EID: 77953796158     PISSN: 19466234     EISSN: 19466242     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000105     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. H. Sasano, T. Suzuki, N. Harada, From endocrinology to intracrinology. Endocr. Pathol. 9, 9-20 (1998).
2. E. R. Simpson, M. Misso, K. N. Hewitt, R. A. Hill, W. C. Boon, M. E. Jones, A. Kovacic, J. Zhou, C. D. Clyne, Estrogen - the good, the bad, and the unexpected. Endocr. Rev. 26, 322-330 (2005).
3. S. E. Bulun, L. S. Noble, K. Takayama, M. D. Michael, V. Agarwal, C. Fisher, Y. Zhao, M. M. Hinshelwood, Y. Ito, E. R. Simpson, Endocrine disorders associated with inappropriately high aromatase expression. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 61, 133-139 (1997).
4. E. R. Simpson, Sources of estrogen and their importance. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 86, 225-230 (2003).
5. F. Labrie, Intracrinology. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 78, C113-C118 (1991).
6. C. A. Lamar, J. F. Dorgan, C. Longcope, F. Z. Stanczyk, R. T. Falk, H. E. Stephenson Jr., Serum sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12, 380-383 (2003).
7. M. S. Beattie, J. P. Costantino, S. R. Cummings, D. L. Wickerham, V. G. Vogel, M. Dowsett, E. J. Folkerd, W. C. Willett, N. Wolmark, S. E. Hankinson, Endogenous sex hormones, breast cancer risk, and tamoxifen response: An ancillary study in the NSABP Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (P-1). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 98, 110-115 (2006).
8. J. Szymczak, A. Milewicz, J. H. H. Thijssen, M. A. Blankenstein, J. Daroszewski, Concentration of sex steroids in adipose tissue after menopause. Steroids 63, 319-321 (1998).
9. M. A. Blankenstein, J. van de Ven, I. Maitimu-Smeele, G. H. Donker, P. C. de Jong, J. Daroszewski, J. Szymczak, A. Milewicz, J. H. Thijssen, Intratumoral levels of estrogens in breast cancer. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 69, 293-297 (1999).
10. C. Bélanger, F.-S. Hould, S. Lebel, S. Biron, G. Brochu, A. Tchernof, Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue steroid levels in obese men. Steroids 71, 674-682 (2006).
11. F. Labrie, A. Bélanger, P. Bélanger, R. Bérubé, C. Martel, L. Cusan, J. Gomez, B. Candas, I. Castiel, V. Chaussade, C. Deloche, J. Leclaire, Androgen glucuronides, instead of testosterone, as the new markers of androgenic activity in women. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 99, 182-188 (2006).
12. F. Z. Stanczyk, J. S. Lee, R. J. Santen, Standardization of steroid hormone assays: Why, how, and when? Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 16, 1713-1719 (2007).
13. L. Albrecht, D. Styne, Laboratory testing of gonadal steroids in children. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev. 5, 599-607 (2007).
14. S. N. Rahhal, J. S. Fuqua, P. A. Lee, The impact of assay sensitivity in the assessment of diseases and disorders in children. Steroids 73, 1322-1327 (2008).
15. C. Ankarberg-Lindgren, E. Norjavaara, A purification step prior to commercial sensitive immunoassay is necessary to achieve clinical usefulness when quantifying serum 17b-estradiol in prepubertal children. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 158, 117-124 (2008).
16. A. R. Wheeler, Chemistry. Putting electrowetting to work. Science 322, 539-540 (2008).
17. C. Deng, N. Li, X. Zhang, Rapid determination of amino acids in neonatal blood samples based on derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate followed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 18, 2558-2564 (2004).
18. The Global Proteome Machine Database, http://gpmdb.rockefeller.edu/ (accessed 9 February 2009).
19. M. Danton, C. K. Lim, Porphyrin profiles in blood, urine and faeces by HPLC/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed. Chromatogr. 20, 612 -621 (2006).
20. L. L. Jessome, D. A. Volmer, Ion suppression: A major concern in mass spectrometry. LCGC North Am. 24, 498-510 (2006).
21. SRMis a highly selectivemethod used to quantify a knownanalyte by tandemmass spectrometry. Two sequentialmass selections are carried out: the first to isolate the analyte parent ion and the second to isolate a fragment ion after reaction with a carrier gas. The intensity of the fragment ion is recorded.
22. The percent recovery is the ratio of the amount of analyte measured before and after extraction, reported as a percentage. The values generated here are comparable to those that are typically generated in ELISA experiments, which often exhibit some bias in measurement accuracy (for example, with values >100%).
23. D. A. Ehrmann, Polycystic ovary syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 1223-1236 (2005).
24. S. Smith, S. M. Pfeifer, J. A. Collins, Diagnosis and management of female infertility. JAMA 290, 1767-1770 (2003).
25. B. E. Henderson, R. Ross, L. Bernstein, Estrogens as a cause of human cancer: The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation award lecture. Cancer Res. 48, 246-253 (1988).
26. R. Kaaks, S. Rinaldi, T. J. Key, F. Berrino, P. H. Peeters, C. Biessy, L. Dossus, A. Lukanova, S. Bingham, K. T. Khaw, N. E. Allen, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, C. H. van Gils, D. Grobbee, H. Boeing, P. H. Lahmann, G. Nagel, J. Chang-Claude, F. Clavel-Chapelon, A. Fournier, A. Thiébaut, C. A. González, J. R. Quirós, M. J. Tormo, E. Ardanaz, P. Amiano, V. Krogh, D. Palli, S. Panico, R. Tumino, P. Vineis, A. Trichopoulou, V. Kalapothaki, D. Trichopoulos, P. Ferrari, T. Norat, R. Saracci, E. Riboli, Postmenopausal serum androgens, oestrogens and breast cancer risk: The European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 12, 1071-1082 (2005).
27. K. Allvin, C. Ankarberg-Lindgren, H. Fors, J. Dahlgren, Elevated serum levels of estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and inhibin B in adult males born small for gestational age. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 1464- 1469 (2008).
28. F. A. Pitt, J. Brazier, Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis. Lancet 335, 978 (1990).
29. A. Szarewski, J. Guillebaud, Contraception. BMJ 302, 1224-1226 (1991).
30. C. Djerassi, Chemical birth of the pill. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 194, 290-298 (2006).
31. R. Hertz, J. C. Bailar III, Estrogen-progestogen combinations for contraception. JAMA 198, 1000-1006 (1966).
32. G. R. Cunningham, Testosterone replacement therapy for late-onset hypogonadism. Nat. Clin. Pract. Urol. 3, 260- 267 (2006).
33. J. Geisler, B. Haynes, G. Anker, H. Helle, D. Ekse, M. Dowsett, P. E. Lønning, Treatment with high-dose estrogen (diethylstilbestrol) significantly decreases plasma estrogen and androgen levels but does not influence in vivo aromatization in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 96, 415-422 (2005). Downloaded from stm.sciencemag.org on June 13, 2014
34. R. T. Falk, E. Gentzschein, F. Z. Stanczyk, L. A. Brinton, M. Garcia-Closas, O. B. Ioffe, M. E. Sherman, Measurement of sex steroid hormones in breast adipocytes: Methods and implications. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 17, 1891-1895 (2008).
35. R. J. Santen, L. Demers, S. Ohorodnik, J. Settlage, P. Langecker, D. Blanchett, P. E. Goss, S. Wang, Superiority of gas chromatography/tandemmass spectrometry assay (GC/MS/MS) for estradiol for monitoring of aromatase inhibitor therapy. Steroids 72, 666-671 (2007).
36. T. Yasui,M. Yamada,H. Kinoshita, H. Uemura, N. Yoneda,M. Irahara, T. Aono, S. Sunahara, Y.Mito, F. Kurimoto, K. Hata, Combination of automatic HPLC-RIA method for determination of estrone and estradiol in serum. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 13, 266-272 (1999).
37. K. Kurecková, B. Maraliková, K. Ventura, Supercritical fluid extraction of steroids from biological samples and first experiencewith solid-phasemicroextraction-liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 770, 83-89 (2002).
38. M. G. Pollack, R. B. Fair, A. D. Shenderov, Electrowetting-based actuation of liquid droplets for microfluidic applications. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1725-1726 (2000).
39. J. Lee, H. Moon, J. Fowler, T. Schoellhammer, C.-J. Kim, Electrowetting and electrowetting-on- dielectric for microscale liquid handling. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 95, 259-268 (2002).
40. Y. Okubo, T. Maki, N. Aoki, T. Hong Khoo, Y. Ohmukai, K. Mae, Liquid-liquid extraction for efficient synthesis and separation by utilizing micro spaces. Chem. Eng. Sci. 63, 4070-4077 (2008).
41. J. G. Kralj, H. R. Sahoo, K. F. Jensen, Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction. Lab Chip 7, 256-263 (2007).
42. P. Znidarsic-Plazl, I. Plazl, Steroid extraction in a microchannel system - Mathematical modelling and experiments. Lab Chip 7, 883 -889 (2007).
43. D. Chatterjee, B. Hetayothin, A. R. Wheeler, D. J. King, R. L. Garrell, Droplet-based microfluidics with nonaqueous solvents and solutions. Lab Chip 6, 199-206 (2006).
44. M. J. Jebrail, A. R. Wheeler, Digital microfluidic method for protein extraction by precipitation. Anal. Chem. 81, 330-335 (2009).
45. M. Abdelgawad, S. L. S. Freire, H. Yang, A. R. Wheeler, All-terrain droplet actuation. Lab Chip 8, 672-677 (2008).
46. L. Dibbelt, G. Von Postel, R. Knuppen, Determination of natural and synthetic estrogens by radioimmunoassay. I. Comparison of direct and extraction methods for quantification of estrone in human serum. Clin. Lab. 44, 137-143 (1998).
47. M. J. Diver, J. A. Nisbet, Warning on plasma oestradiol measurement. Lancet 2, 1097 (1987).
48. Report of a workshop on Hormone Standardization held by the Division of Laboratory Sciences at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 17-18, 2008, http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/dls/hormone-standardization.htm (accessed 26 July 2009).
49. In digital microfluidics, small unit droplets are routinely dispensed from larger reservoir droplets. We use the term "dropwise" to mean sequential dispensing of multiple unit droplets to be merged to forma large combined volume. For example, nine 1.1-ml unit droplets ofDCM/acetone were dispensed, dropwise, to form a larger volume of 9.9 ml of lysis solution on the sample.
50. A. Gentili, D. Perret, S. Marchese, R. Mastropasqua, R. Curini, A. Di Corcia, Analysis of free estrogens and their conjugates in sewage and river waters by solid-phase extraction then liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 56, 25-32 (2002).