Mortality and causes of death among drugged drivers

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Volumn 64, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 506-512

  Karjalainen, Karoliina ^a   Lintonen, Tomi ^b,c   Impinen, Antti ^a   Mäkelä, Pia ^a   Rahkonen, Ossi ^d   Lillsunde, Pirjo ^a   Ostamo, Aini ^a,c  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b Poliisiammattikorkeakoulu   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; NARCOTIC AGENT;

ALCOHOL; CAUSE OF DEATH; DATA INTERPRETATION; DRUG USER; NUMERICAL MODEL; POISONING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SUICIDE; SURVIVAL; VIOLENCE;

ADDICTION; ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ARTICLE; CAR DRIVING; CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; FINLAND; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; MALE; MORTALITY; SUICIDE;

ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION; AMPHETAMINES; AUTOMOBILE DRIVING; BENZODIAZEPINES; CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; MALE; NARCOTICS; OVERDOSE; RISK-TAKING; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SUICIDE;

FINLAND;

EID: 77953771336     PISSN: 0143005X     EISSN: 14702738     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.096990     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Gossop M, Stewart D, Treacy S, et al. A prospective study of mortality among drug misusers during a 4-year period after seeking treatment. Addiction 2002; 97: 39-47.
2. Quan VM, Vongchak T, Jittiwutikarn J, et al. Predictors of mortality among injecting and non-injecting HIV-negative drug users in northern Thailand. Addiction 2007; 102: 441-446
3. Quaglio G, Talamini G, Lechi A, et al. Study of 2708 heroin-related deaths in northeastern Italy 1985-1998 to establish the main causes of death. Addiction 2001; 96: 1127-1137
4. Bjomaas MA, Bekken AS, Ojlert A, et al. A 20-year prospective study of mortality and causes of death among hospitalized opioid addicts in Oslo. BMC Psychiatry 2008; 8: 8.
5. Odegard E, Amundsen EJ, Kielland KB. Fatal overdoses and deaths by other causes in a cohort of Norwegian drug abusers-a competing risk approach. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 89: 176-182
6. Warner-Smith M, Lynskey M, Hall W, et al. Challenges and approaches to estimating mortality attributable to the use of selected illicit drugs. Eur Addict Res 2001; 7: 104-116
7. Mura P, Kintz P, Ludes B, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs between 900 injured drivers and 900 control subjects: results of a French collaborative study. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 133: 79-85.
8. Ojaniemi K, Lintonen T, Impinen A, et al. Trends in driving under the influence of drugs: a register-based study of DUID suspects during 1977-2007. Accid Anal Prev 2009; 41: 191-196
9. Walsh JM, de Gier JJ, Christopherson AS, et al. Drugs and driving. Traffic Inj Prev 2004; 5: 241-253
10. Bramness JG, Skurtveit S, Morland J. Clinical impairment of benzodiazepines relation between benzodiazepine concentrations and impairment in apprehended drivers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 68: 131-141
11. Gustavsen I, Morland J, Bramness JG. Impairment related to blood amphetamine and/or methamphetamine concentrations in suspected drugged drivers. Accid Anal Prev 2006; 38: 490-495
12. Ogden EJ, Moskowitz H. Effects of alcohol and other drugs on driver performance. Traffic Inj Prev 2004; 5: 185-198
13. Movig KL, Mathijssen MP, Nagel PH, et al. Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Accid Anal Prev 2004; 36: 631-636
14. Walsh JM, Flegel R, Atkins R, et al. Drug and alcohol use among drivers admitted to a Level-1 trauma center, Accid Anal Prev 2005; 37: 894-901.
15. Holmgren P, Holmgren A, Ahlner J. Alcohol and drugs in drivers fatally injured in traffic accidents in Sweden during the years 2000-2002. Forensic Sci int 2005; 151: 11-17.
16. Christophersen AS, Morland J. Drugged driving, a review based on the experience in Norway. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997; 47: 125-135
17. Holmgren A, Holmgren P, Kugelberg FC, et al. Predominance of illicit drugs and polydrug use among drug-impaired drivers in Sweden. Traffic Inj Prev 2007; 8: 361-367
18. Gissler M, Haukka J. Finnish health and social welfare registers in epidemiological research. Norsk Epidemiologi 2004; 14: 113-120
19. Statistics Finland. Väestärakenne: Väestö iän (5-v.) ja sukupuolen mukaan koko maa 1865-2008 [Population structure: Population according to age (5-year) and gender In the whole country 1865-2008]. http://www.stat.fi/ (accessed 29 Sep 2009).
20. The Finnish Vehicle Administration (AKE). Voimassa olevat ajokortit iän mukaan [Valid driving licences by age]. http://www.ake.fi/AKE/ (accessed 29 Sep 2009).
21. Police College of Finland. The Data Warehouse and the Analyzing and Reporting System of The Finnish Police (PolStat). http://www.polamk.fi/(accessed Sep 2009).
22. lmpinen A, Rahkonen O, Ojaniemi K, et al. Rattijuoppo on yhä useammln 18-vuotias. [Changed alcohol consumption reflected In drink-driving amongst young people]. Suomen Läkärilehti (Finnish Medical Journal) 2008; 63: 2221-2226
23. Skurtveit S, Christophersen AS, Grung M, et al. Increased mortality among previously apprehended drunken and drugged drivers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 68: 143-150
24. Hausken AM, Skurtveit S, Christophersen AS. Mortality among subjects previously apprehended for driving under the influence of traffic-hazardous medicinal drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 79: 423-429
25. Statistics Finland. Kuolemansyyt [Causes of death]. http://www.stat.fi/ (accessed 8 Jun 2009).
26. Statistics Finland. Väestörakenne sukupuolen mukaan 1750-2006 [Population by gender 1750-2006]. http://www.stat.fi/(accessed 23 Apr 2009).
27. Statistics Finland. Maahanmuutto, maastamuutto ja nettomaahanmuutto 1971-2006 [Immigration and emigration 1971-2006]. http://www.stat.fi/(accessed 23 Apr 2009).
28. Clayton D, Hills M. Statistical models in epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
29. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 1972; 34: 187-220.
30. Sinha R, Easton C. Substance abuse and criminality. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1999; 27: 513-526
31. Grann M, Fazel S. Substance misuse and violent crime: Swedish population study. BMJ 2004; 328: 1233-1234
32. Statistics Finland. Tieliikenneonnettomuudet 2008 [Road Traffic Accidents]. Helsinki: Multiprint Oy, 2009.
33. Piesiur-Strehlow B, Strehlow U, Poser W. Mortality of patients dependent on benzodiazepines. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1986; 73: 330-335
34. Neutel Cl, Patten SB. Risk of suicide attempts after benzodiazepine and/or antidepressant use. Ann Epidemiol 1997; 7: 568-574
35. Rönkä S, Virtanen A, Perälä R, et al. Huumetilanne Suomessa 2007. Kansallinen huumevuosiraportti EMCDD:lle [Finland Drug situation 2007. 2007 national report (2006 data) to the EMCDDA]. Helsinki: STAKES, 2007.
36. Vuori E, Ojanperä I, Nokua J, et al. Oikeuskemlallisesti todetut myrkytyskuolemat Suomessa vuosina 2002-2004. [Fatal poisoning in Finland from 2002-2004]. Suomen Lääkärilehti (Finnish Medical Journal) 2006; 61: 2339-2344
37. Jonsson AK, Holmgren P, Druid H, et al. Cause of death and drug use pattern in deceased drug addicts in Sweden, 2002-2003. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 169: 101-107
38. Bartu A, Freeman NC, Gawthorne GS, et al. Mortality in a cohort of opiate and amphetamine users in Perth, Western Australia. Addiction 2004; 99: 53-60.
39. Finnish Act on the Inquest into the Cause of Death (459/73).
40. Lunetta P, Lounamaa A, Sihvonen S. Surveillance of injury-related deaths: medicolegal autopsy rates and trends in Finland. Inj Prev 2007; 13: 282-284
41. Ohberg A, Penttila A, Lonnqvist J. Driver suicides. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 171: 468-472