Prescription drugs purchased through the internet: Who are the end users?

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 110, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 21-29

  Inciardi, James A ^a   Surratt, Hilary L ^a   Cicero, Theodore J ^b   Rosenblum, Andrew ^c   Ahwah, Candice ^a   Bailey, J Elise ^d   Dart, Richard C ^d   Burke, John J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (United States)

^d DENVER HEALTH AND HOSPITAL AUTHORITY   (United States)

^e National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators   (United States)

Author keywords

Diversion; Internet; Non medical use of prescription medications; Online Drug sales; Prescription drug abuse

Indexed keywords

BUPRENORPHINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; FENTANYL; HYDROCODONE; METHADONE; METHYLPHENIDATE; MORPHINE; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; OXYCODONE; PRESCRIPTION DRUG; TRAMADOL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DRUG MARKETING; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERNET; MALE; PRESCRIPTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RACE; UNITED STATES;

AMPHETAMINES; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; DATA COLLECTION; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; INTERNET; OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS; POISON CONTROL CENTERS; PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT CENTERS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TRANQUILIZING AGENTS; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 77953722529     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.015     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Adams C. Prescription-drug seizures from abroad surge. Wall Street J. 2000, 1.
2. Appleby J. Problems grow with drugs bought on Net. USA Today 2003, 5B.
3. Boyer E.W., Wines J.D. Impact of Internet pharmacy regulation on opioid analgesic availability. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 2008, 69(5):703-708.
4. Califano, J.A., 2007. Press Release: " You've Got Drugs!" IV. (accessed on June 1, 2007). http://www.casacolumbia.org/absolutenm/templates/PressReleases.aspx%3Farticleid=492%26zoneid=65.
5. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA), 2008. "You've got drugs!" V: Prescription drug pushers on the Internet [A CASA White Paper]. (accessed on June 1, 2009). http://www.casacolumbia.org/articlefiles/531-2008%2520You've%2520Got%2520Drugs%2520V.pdf.
6. Cicero T.J., Shores C.N., Paradis A.G., Ellis M.S. Source of drugs for prescription opioid analgesic abusers: a role for the Internet?. Pain Med. 2008, 9(6):718-723.
7. ®). Pain Med. 2007, 8(2):157-170.
8. Cranford J., McCabe S., Boyd C., Slayden J., Reed M., Ketchie J., Lange J., Scott M. Reasons for nonresponse in a web-based survey of alcohol involvement among first-year college students. Addict Behav. 2008, 33(1):206-210.
9. Dummermuth, M.M., 2009. Record-breaking Internet pharmacy prosecution nets millions for Iowa law enforcement. United States Department of Justice Press release. (accessed on June 11, 2009). http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/ian.
10. Forman R.F., Woody G.E., McLellan T., Lynch K.G. The availability of web sites offering to sell opioid medications without prescriptions. Am. J. Psychiatry 2006, 163(7):1233-1237.
11. Gaul G.M., Flaherty M.P. Internet trafficking in narcotics has surged. Washington Post 2003, A01.
12. Gordon S.M., Forman R.F., Siatkowski C. Knowledge and use of the Internet as a source of controlled substances. J. Subst. Abuse Treat. 2006, 30:271-274.
13. Hirschler, B., 2008. Internet drug peddlers raided in 9 countries. (accessed on January 5, 2009). http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE4AC3WW20081113.
14. Inciardi James A., Surratt Hilary L., Cicero Theodore J., Kurtz Steven P., Martin Steven S., Parrino Mark W. The 'Black Box' of Prescription Drug Diversion. J Addict Dis 2009, 28(4):332-347.
15. Inciardi J.A., Surratt H.L., Cicero T.J., Beard R.A. Prescription opioid abuse and diversion in an urban community: the results of an ultrarapid assessment. Pain Med. 2009, 10(3):537-548.
16. Inciardi, J.A., Surratt, H.L., Kurtz, S.P., 2008. Bang costs 50 a bean: sources of diverted prescription drugs in the Miami club culture. Paper presented at the CPDD 70th Annual Scientific Meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 14-19, 2008.
17. Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., Schulenberg, J.E., 2009. Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: overview of key findings, 2008. NIH Publication No. 09-7401. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD.
18. Kaufman M. Internet drug ring broken: 20 arrested for illegally selling without prescriptions. Washington Post 2005, A03.
19. McCabe S. Misperceptions of nonmedical prescription drug use: a web survey of college students. Addict Behav. 2008, 33(5):713-724.
20. Mosier J. Rockwall, Texas, doctor to be sentenced for role in illegal Internet pharmacy. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News 2003, 1.
21. Lieberman D. Internet facilitation of opioid dependence. Am. J. Addict. 2001, 10:279-281.
22. Pew Internet and American Life Project, 2009. Generations online in 2009. (accessed on June 10, 2009). http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/Generations-Online-in-2009.aspx.
23. Plunkett Research, Ltd., 2009. (accessed on June 5, 2009). http://www.plunkettresearch.com/Home/tabid/36/language/en-US/Default.aspx.
24. Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance System, 2009. (accessed on June 10, 2009). http://www.radars.org/.
25. Rosenblum A., Parrino M., Schnoll S.H., Fong C., Maxwell C., Cleland C.M., Magura S., Haddox J.D. Prescription opioid abuse among enrollees into methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007, 90(1):64-71.
26. Schepis T.S., Marlowe D.B., Forman R.F. The availability and portrayal of stimulants over the Internet. J. Adolesc. Health 2008, 42(5):458-465.
27. Shiffman J. 2 guilty in web drug-sales scheme: a Temple grad student and a Florida salesman were part of a conspiracy to sell popular drugs online without prescriptions 2006, Philadelphia Inquirer, p. B01.
28. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2009. Medication Assisted Treatment for Substance Abuse Disorders. (accessed on June 8, 2009). http://dpt2.samhsa.gov/treatment/directory.aspx.
29. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2008. Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-34, DHHS Publication No. SMA 08-4343. Rockville, MD. (accessed on June 10, 2009). http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k7nsduh/2k7Results.pdf.
30. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2006. Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Highlights - 2006. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-40, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 08-4313, Rockville, MD.
31. Surratt H.L., Inciardi J.A., Kurtz S.P. Prescription opioid abuse among drug-involved street-based sex workers. J. Opioid Manage. 2006, 2(5):283-289.
32. United States Department of Justice, 2009. National Drug Threat Assessment. Publication No. 2008-Q0317-005, Johnstown, PA. (assessed on June 10, 2009). http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs31/31379/31379p.pdf.
33. United States General Accounting Office, Committee on Governmental Affairs, US Senate, June 17, 2004. Internet pharmacies: hydrocodone, an addictive narcotic pain medication, is available without a prescription through the internet. Testimony before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.
34. Wax P.M. Just a click away: recreational drug web sites on the Internet. Pediatrics 2002, 109(6):1-4.