Probability density functions of liquid water path and cloud amount of marine boundary layer clouds: Geographical and seasonal variations and controlling meteorological factors

Journal of Climate

Volumn 23, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 2079-2092

  Kawai, Hideaki ^a,b   Teixeira, João ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY   (Japan)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUDS; CLOUD AMOUNT; CLOUD-TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITIES; GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS; GLOBAL CLIMATES; GRID SIZE; LIQUID WATER PATHS; MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUDS; METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS; MOIST STATIC ENERGY; REANALYSIS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUBGRID SCALE; WEATHER PREDICTION;

ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS; GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES; LIQUIDS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; BOUNDARY LAYER; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD WATER; GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; SATELLITE DATA; SEASONAL VARIATION;

EID: 77953690934     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3070.1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Barker, H. W., B. A. Wiellicki, and L. Parker, 1996: A parameterization for computing grid-averaged solar fluxes for inhomogeneous marine boundary layer clouds. Part II: Validation using satellite data. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2304-2316.
2. Betts, A. K., and R. Boers, 1990: A cloudiness transition in a marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1480-1497.
3. Bony, S., and K. A. Emanuel, 2001: A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA COARE data. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3158-3183.
4. Bony, S., and Coauthors, 2006: How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes? J. Climate, 19, 3445- 3482.
5. Bougeault, P., 1981: Modeling the trade-wind cumulus boundary layer. Part I: Testing the ensemble cloud relations against numerical data. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2414-2428.
6. Bougeault, P., 1982: Cloud-ensemble relations based on the gamma probability distribution for the higher-order models of the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2691-2700.
7. Bretherton, C. S., and Coauthors, 2004: The EPIC 2001 stratocumulus study. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 967-977.
8. Cheng, A., and K.-M. Xu, 2009: A PDF-based cloud microphysical parameterization for simulation of drizzling boundary layer clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2317-2334.
9. Considine, G., J. A. Curry, and B. Wielicki, 1997: Modeling cloud fraction and horizontal variability in marine boundary layer clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D12), 13 517-13 525.
10. Cronin, M. F., N. Bond, C. Fairall, J. Hare, M. J. McPhaden, and R. A. Weller, 2002: Enhanced oceanic and atmospheric monitoring underway in Eastern Pacific. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 83, 210-211.
11. Cuijpers, J., and P. Bechtold, 1995: A simple parameterization of cloud water related variables for use in boundary layer models. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2486-2490.
12. Deardorff, J., 1980: Cloud top entrainment instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 131-147.
13. Duynkerke, P. G., and J. Teixeira, 2001: Comparison of the ECMWF reanalysis with FIRE I observations: Diurnal variation of marine stratocumulus. J. Climate, 14, 1466-1478.
14. Eitzen, Z. A., K.-M. Xu, and T. Wong, 2008: Statistical analyses of satellite cloud object data from CERES. Part V: Relationships between physical properties of boundary layer clouds. J. Climate, 21, 6668-6688.
15. Han, Q., W. B. Rossow, and A. A. Lacis, 1994: Near-global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data. J. Climate, 7, 465-497.
16. Han, Q., W. B. Rossow, J. Chou, and R. M. Welch, 1998: Global survey of the relationships of cloud albedo and liquid water path with droplet size using ISCCP. J. Climate, 11, 1516-1528.
17. Jensen, M. P., A. M. Vogelmann, W. D. Collins, G. J. Zhang, and E. P. Luke, 2008: Investigation of regional and seasonal variations in marine boundary layer cloud properties from MODIS observations. J. Climate, 21, 4955-4973.
18. King, M. D., W. P. Menzel, and Y. Kaufman, 2003: Cloud and aerosol properties, precipitable water, and profiles of temperature and water vapor from MODIS. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 442-458.
19. Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606.
20. Kuo, H.-C., and W. H. Schubert, 1988: Stability of cloud-topped boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 915-944.
21. Larson, K., D. L. Hartmann, and S. A. Klein, 1999: The role of clouds, water vapor, circulation, and boundary layer structure in the sensitivity of the tropical climate. J. Climate, 12, 2359- 2374.
22. Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 292-309.
23. MacVean, M. K., 1993: A numerical investigation of the criterion for cloud-top entrainment instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2481-2495.
24. MacVean, M. K, and P. J. Mason, 1990: Cloud-top entrainment instability through small-scale mixing and its parameterization in numerical models. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1012-1030.
25. Mellor, G. L., 1977: The Gaussian cloud model relations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 356-358.
26. Miller, R. L., 1997: Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover. J. Climate, 10, 409-440.
27. Minnis, P., and E. F. Harrison, 1984a: Diurnal variability of regional cloud and clear-sky radiative parameters derived from GOES data. Part I: Analysis method. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 993-1011.
28. Minnis, P., and E. F. Harrison, 1984b: Diurnal variability of regional cloud and clear-sky radiative parameters derived from GOES data. Part III: November 1978 radiative parameters. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1032-1051.
29. Pincus, R., and S. A. Klein, 2000: Unresolved spatial variability and microphysical process rates in large-scale models. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27 059-27 065.
30. Randall, D. A., 1980: Conditional instability of the first kind upsidedown. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 125-130.
31. Rao, C. R. N., and N. Zhang, 1999: Calibration of the visible channel of the GOES imager using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Preprints, 10th Conf. Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 560-563.
32. Rasch, P. J., and J. E. Kristjánsoon, 1998: A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations. J. Climate, 11, 1587-1614.
33. Siebesma, A. P., and Coauthors, 2004: Cloud representation in general-circulation models over the northern Pacific Ocean: A EUROCS intercomparison study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 3245-3268.
34. Slingo, J. M., 1987: The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme in the ECMWF model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 899-927.
35. Smith, R. N. B., 1990: A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 435-460.
36. Sommeria, G., and J. Deardorff, 1977: Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 344-355.
37. Stephens, G. L., 2005: Cloud feedbacks in the climate system: A critical review. J. Climate, 18, 237-273.
38. Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The Cloudsat Mission and the A-Train. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
39. Sundqvist, H., E. Berge, and J. E. Kristjánsson, 1989: Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1641- 1657.
40. Teixeira, J., and T. F. Hogan, 2002: Boundary layer clouds in a global atmospheric model: Simple cloud cover parameterizations. J. Climate, 15, 1261-1276.
41. Teixeira, J., S. Cardoso, A. P. Siebesma, and GPCI Team, 2008: Results from the first 2 years of the GCSS Pacific cross-section intercomparison. GEWEX NEWS, No. 18-4, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD, 1-4.
42. Tiedtke, M., 1993: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061.
43. Tompkins, A. M., 2002: A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid-scale variability of water vapor and clouds in largescale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1917-1942.
44. Wang, Y., S. P. Xie, H. Xu, and B. Wang, 2004: Regional model simulations of marine boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific off South America. Part I: Control experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 274-296.
45. Weinreb, M. P., M. Jamieson, N. Fulton, Y. Chen, J. X. Johnson, J. Bremer, C. Smith, and J. Baucom, 1997: Operational calibration of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite8 and -9 imagers and sounders. Appl. Opt., 36, 6895-6904.
46. Wielicki, B. A., and L. Parker, 1994: Frequency distributions of cloud liquid water path in oceanic boundary layer cloud as a function of regional cloud fraction. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Atmospheric Radiation, Nashville, TN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 415-417.
47. Wood, R., and P. R. Field, 2000: Relationships between total water, condensed water, and cloud fraction in stratiform clouds examined using aircraft data. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1888-1905.
48. Wood, R., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: On the relationship between stratiform low cloud cover and lower-tropospheric stability. J. Climate, 19, 6425-6432.
49. Wood, R., and D. L. Hartmann, 2006: Spatial variability of liquid water path in marine low cloud: The importance of mesoscale cellular convection. J. Climate, 19, 1748-1764.
50. Wood, R., and C. R. Mechoso, 2008: Southeastern Pacific coupled climate field experiment. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 89, doi:10.1029/2008EO330003.
51. Xu, K. M., and S. K. Krueger, 1991: Evaluation of cloudiness parameterizations using a cumulus ensemble model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 342-367.
52. Xu, K. M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Evaluation of statistically based cloudiness parameterizations used in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3103-3119.
53. Xu, K. M., T. Wong, B. A. Wielicki, L. Parker, and Z. A. Eitzen, 2005: Statistical analyses of satellite cloud object data from CERES. Part I: Methodology and preliminary results of the 1998 El Niño/2000 La Niña. J. Climate, 18, 2497-2514.
54. Xu, K. M., T. Wong, B. A. Wielicki, and L. Parker, 2008: Statistical analyses of satellite cloud object data from CERES. Part IV: Boundary layer cloud objects during 1998 El Niño. J. Climate, 21, 1500-1521.