A new crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for proton exchange fuel cell membrane

High Performance Polymers

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 395-411

  Xu, Jing ^a   Yu, Jianjia ^a   Guan, Rong ^a   Li, Cuihua ^b   Sun, Lingna ^b   Fang, Jianhua ^c  

^a HUBEI UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b SHENZHEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Conductivity; Crosslinking; Membrane; Polystyrene; Swelling ratio

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; CONDENSATION REACTIONS; CROSSLINKING; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ION EXCHANGE; POLYSTYRENES; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFC);

CROSSLINKING REACTION; DEGRADATION TEMPERATURES; DEGREE OF SULFONATION; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; PHOSPHOROUS PENTOXIDE; PROTON EXCHANGE FUEL CELLS; SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE; SWELLING RATIO;

MEMBRANES;

EID: 77953658050     PISSN: 09540083     EISSN: 13616412     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0954008309105515     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Nguyen, T.V. and Vanderborgh, N. (1998). The Rate of Isothermal Hydration of Polyper-Fluorosulfonic Acid Membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 143: 235-248.
2. Shi, Z. and Holdcroft, S. (2005). Synthesis and Proton Conductivity of Partially Sulfonated Poly ([vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene]-b- styrene) Block Copolymers, Macromolecules, 38: 4193-4201.
3. Carretta, N. and Tricoli, V. (2000). Ionomeric Membranes Based on Partially Sulfonated Poly (Styrene): Synthesis, Proton Conduction and Methanol Permeation, J. Membr. Sci., 166: 189-197.
4. Lopez, M., Compan, V., Garrido. J., Riande, E. and Acosta, J. (2001). Proton Transport in Membranes Prepared from Sulfonated Polystyrene-poly (vinylidene fluoride) Blends, J. Electrochem. Soc., 148: 372-377.
5. Ghassemi, H., Ndip, G. and McGrath, J. (2004). New Multiblock Copolymers of Sulfonated Poly (4ĝ€™phenyl -2, 5-benzophenone) and Poly (arylene ether sulfone) for Proton Exchange Membranes II, Polymer, 45: 5855-5862.
6. Wang, F., Hickner, M., Kim, Y., Zawodzinski, T. and McGrath, J. (2002). Direct Polymerization of Sulfonated Poly (arylene ether sulfone) Random (statistical) Copolymers: Candidates for New Proton Exchange Membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 197: 231-242.
7. Poppe, D., Frey, H., Kreuer, K., Heinzel, A. and Mulhaupt, R. (2002). Carboxylated and Sulfonated Poly (arylene-co-arylene sulfone) s: Thermostable Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications, Macromolecules, 35: 7936-7941.
8. Xing, P., Robertson, G., Guiver, M., Mikhailenko, S. and Kaliaguine, S. (2004). Sulfonated Poly (aryl ether ketone) s containing the Hexafluoroisopropylidene Diphenyl Moiety Prepared by Direct Copolymerization, as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application, Macromolecules, 37: 7960-7967.
9. Li, X., Liu, C., Lu, H., Zhao, C., Wang, Z., Xing, W. and Na, H. (2005). Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (ether ether ketone ketone) Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application, J. Membr. Sci., 255: 149-155.
10. Ghassemi, H. and McGrath, G. (2004). Synthesis and Properties of new Sulfonated poly (p-phenylene) Derivatives for Proton Exchange Membranes, Polymer, 45: 5847-5854.
11. Kobayashi, T., Rikukawa, M., Sanui, K. and Ogata, N. (1998). Proton-conducting Polymers Derived from Poly (ether-etherketone) and Poly (4-phenoxybenzoyl-1, 4- phenylene), Solid State Ionics, 106: 219-225.
12. Fang, J., Guo, X., Harada, S., Watari, T., Tanaka, K., Kita, H. and Okamoto, K. (2002). Novel Sulfonated Polyimides as Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Application. 1. Synthesis, Proton Conductivity, and Water Stability of Polyimides from 4, 4ĝ€2-diaminodiphenyl ether-2, 2ĝ€2- disulfonic Acid, Macromolecules, 35: 9022-9028.
13. Guo, X., Fang, J., Watari, T., Tanaka, K., Kita, H. and Okamoto, K. (2002). Novel Sulfonated Polyimides as Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Application. 2. Synthesis and Proton Conductivity of Polyimides from 9, 9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene-2, 7-disulfonic acid, Macromolecules, 35: 6707-6713.
14. Yin, Y., Fang, J., Kita, H. and Okamoto, K. (2003). Novel Sulfoalkoxylated Polyimide Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Chem. Lett., 32: 328-329.
15. Watari, T., Fang, J., Tanaka, K., Kita, H., Okamoto, K. and Hirano, T. (2004). Synthesis, Water Stability and Proton Conductivity of Novel Sulfonated Polyimides from 4, 4ĝ€2 -bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl-3, 3ĝ€2disulfonic Acid, J. Membr. Sci., 230: 111-120.
16. Yin, Y., Fang, J., Watari, T., Tanaka, K., Kita, H. and Okamoto, K. (2004). Synthesis and Properties of Highly Sulfonated Proton Conducting Polyimides from bis (3-sulfopropoxy) Benzidine Diamines, J. Mater. Chem., 14: 1062-1070.
17. Manea, C. and Mulder, M. (2002). Characterization of Polymer Blends of Polyethersulfone/sulfonated Polysulfone and Polyethersulfone/sulfonated Polyetheretherketone for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications, J. Membr. Sci., 206: 443-458.
18. Li, Q., He, R., Jensen, J.O. and Bjerrum, N.J. (2003). Approaches and Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells Operating above 100°C, Chem. Mater., 15: 4896-4915.
19. Fang, J., Zhai, F., Guo, X., Xu, H. and Okamoto, K. (2007). A Facile Approach for the Preparation of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes for Fuel Cell Application. J. Mater. Chem., 17: 1102-1108. (Pubitemid 351455291)
20. Fang, J. and Guo, X. (2005). Method for Preparing Cross-linked Polyimide Membrane, CN Patent 1730517A.
21. Kerres, J.A. (2001). Development of Ionomer Membranes for Fuel Cells, J. Membr. Sci., 185: 3-27.
22. Mikhailenko, S., Wang, K., Kaliaguine, S., Xing, P., Robertson, G. and Guiver, M. (2004). Proton Conducting Membranes Based on Cross-linked Sulfonated Poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), J. Membr. Sci, 233: 93-99.
23. Yang, S., Jang, W., Lee, C., Shul, Y. and Han, H. (2005). The Effect of Crosslinked Networks with Poly (ethylene glycol) on Sulfonated Polyimide for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed., 43: 1455-1464.
24. Ueda, M., Uchiyama, K. and Kano, T. (1984). A New Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones. Synthesis, 1984: 323-325.
25. Makowski, H.S., Lundberg, R.D. and Singhal, G.S. (1972). Flexible Polymeric Compositions Comprising a Normally Plastic Polymer Sulfonated to About 0.2 to About 10 mole% Sulfonate. US Patent 3 870 841.
26. Orler, E.B., Yontz, D.J. and Moore, R.B. (1993). Sulfonation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene for Model Semicrystalline Ionomer Investigations, Macromolecules, 26: 5157-5160.
27. Xu, J. (2008). Studies on the Preparation and Properties of a New Crosslinked Sulfonated Polystyrene Proton Exchange Membrane, Master Thesis, Hubei University, China.
28. Hichner, M.A., Ghassemi, H., Kim, Y.S., Einsla, B.R. and McGrath J.E. (2004). Alternative Polymer Systems for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs), Chem. Rev., 104: 4587-4612.