The compressive mechanical properties of diabetic and non-diabetic plantar soft tissue

Journal of Biomechanics

Volumn 43, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1754-1760

  Pai, Shruti ^a,b   Ledoux, William R ^a,b,c  

^a VA RR and D Center of Excellence for Limb Loss Prevention and Prosthetic Engineering   (United States)

^b University of Washington   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetic; Foot; Soft tissue; Subcutaneous; Viscoelastic

Indexed keywords

COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES; COMPUTATIONAL MODELING; CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS; DIABETIC FOOT; ENERGY LOSS; MATERIAL PROPERTY; METATARSAL HEAD; PLANTAR ULCERS; SOFT TISSUE; STRAIN RATE DEPENDENCE; TESTING FREQUENCIES; TISSUE MODULUS; TRIANGLE WAVES;

ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY DISSIPATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; STRAIN RATE; TISSUE;

BIOMECHANICS;

AGED; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BONE STRESS; CADAVER; CALCANEUS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETIC FOOT; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; HALLUX; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; METATARSAL BONE; PLANTARIS MUSCLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOFT TISSUE; YOUNG MODULUS; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; FOOT; HARDNESS; MECHANICAL STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SKIN;

AGED; CADAVER; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; DIABETIC FOOT; ELASTIC MODULUS; FEMALE; FOOT; HARDNESS; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SKIN; STRESS, MECHANICAL;

EID: 77953538194     PISSN: 00219290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.021     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. ADA Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In 2007. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:596-615.
2. Bennett M.B., Ker R.F. The mechanical properties of the human subcalcaneal fat pad in compression. J. Anat. 1990, 171:131-138.
3. Blechschmidt E. The structure of the calcaneal padding. Foot Ankle 1982, 2:260-283.
4. Buschmann W.R., Jahss M.H., Kummer F., Desai P., Gee R.O., Ricci J.L. Histology and histomorphometric analysis of the normal and atrophic heel fat pad. Foot Ankle Int. 1995, 16:254-258.
5. Cavanagh P.R., Ulbrecht J.S., Caputo G.M. New developments in the biomechanics of the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2000, 16(Suppl. 1):S6-S10.
6. CDCP, 2007. National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States. Atlanta, GA.
7. Cheung Y.Y., Doyley M., Miller T.B., Kennedy F., Lynch F., Wrobel J.S., Paulson K., Weaver J. Magnetic resonance elastography of the plantar fat pads: preliminary study in diabetic patients and asymptomatic volunteers. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 2006, 30:321-326.
8. Cowley M.S., Boyko E.J., Shofer J.B., Ahroni J.H., Ledoux W.R. Foot ulcer risk and location in relation to prospective clinical assessment of foot shape and mobility among persons with diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2008, 82:226-232.
9. De Clercq D., Aerts P., Kunnen M. The mechanical characteristics of the human heel pad during foot strike in running: an in vivo cineradiographic study. J. Biomech. 1994, 27:1213-1222.
10. Erdemir A., Viveiros M.L., Ulbrecht J.S., Cavanagh P.R. An inverse finite-element model of heel-pad indentation. J. Biomech. 2006, 39:1279-1286.
11. Gefen A., Megido-Ravid M., Azariah M., Itzchak Y., Arcan M. Integration of plantar soft tissue stiffness measurements in routine MRI of the diabetic foot. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 2001, 16:921-925.
12. Gooding G.A., Stess R.M., Graf P.M., Moss K.M., Louie K.S., Grunfeld C. Sonography of the sole of the foot. Evidence for loss of foot pad thickness in diabetes and its relationship to ulceration of the foot. Invest. Radiol. 1986, 21:45-48.
13. Harris M.I., Klein R., Welborn T.A., Knuiman M.W. Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis. Diabetes Care 1992, 15:815-819.
14. Hsu C.C., Tsai W.C., Hsiao T.Y., Tseng F.Y., Shau Y.W., Wang C.L., Lin S.C. Diabetic effects on microchambers and macrochambers tissue properties in human heel pads. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 2009, 24:682-686.
15. Hsu C.C., Tsai W.C., Shau Y.W., Lee K.L., Hu C.F. Altered energy dissipation ratio of the plantar soft tissues under the metatarsal heads in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 2007, 22:67-73.
16. Hsu T.C., Lee Y.S., Shau Y.W. Biomechanics of the heel pad for type 2 diabetic patients. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 2002, 17:291-296.
17. Hsu T.C., Wang C.L., Shau Y.W., Tang F.T., Li K.L., Chen C.Y. Altered heel-pad mechanical properties in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Med. 2000, 17:854-859.
18. Isakov E., Budoragin N., Shenhav S., Mendelevich I., Korzets A., Susak Z. Anatomic sites of foot lesions resulting in amputation among diabetics and non-diabetics. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1995, 74:130-133.
19. Jahss M.H., Kummer F., Michelson J.D. Investigations into the fat pads of the sole of the foot: heel pressure studies. Foot Ankle 1992, 13:227-232.
20. Jahss M.H., Michelson J.D., Desai P., Kaye R., Kummer F., Buschman W., Watkins F., Reich S. Investigations into the fat pads of the sole of the foot: anatomy and histology. Foot Ankle 1992, 13:233-242.
21. Klaesner J.W., Hastings M.K., Zou D.Q., Lewis C., Mueller M.J. Plantar tissue stiffness in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2002, 83:1796-1801.
22. Ledoux W.R., Blevins J.J. The compressive material properties of the plantar soft tissue. J. Biomech. 2007, 40:2975-2981.
23. Ledoux W.R., Hillstrom H.J. The distributed plantar vertical force of neutrally aligned and pes planus feet. Gait Posture 2002, 15:1-9.
24. Lemmon D.R., Shiang T.Y., Hashmi A., Ulbrecht J.S., Cavanagh P.R. The effect of insoles in therapeutic footwear: a finite-element approach. J. Biomech. 1997, 30:615-620.
25. Miller-Young, J.E., Duncan, N.A., 2002. Material properties of the human calcaneal fat pad: validation experiments. In: Proceedings of the 4th World Congress of Biomechanics, Calgary, AB.
26. Miller-Young J.E., Duncan N.A., Baroud G. Material properties of the human calcaneal fat pad in compression: experiment and theory. J. Biomech. 2002, 35:1523-1531.
27. Mueller M.J., Minor S.D., Diamond J.E., Blair V.P. Relationship of foot deformity to ulcer location in patients with diabetes mellitus. Phys. Ther. 1990, 70:356-362.
28. Pai, S., Ledoux, W.R., in press. The effect of target strain error on plantar tissue stress. J. Biomech. Eng., accepted for publication.
29. Palumbo P.J., Melton L.J. Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes in America 1995, National Diabetes Data Group, Washington, DC, pp. 401-408. 2nd edition.
30. Paul R.G., Bailey A.J. Glycation of collagen: the basis of its central role in the late complications of ageing and diabetes. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 1996, 28:1297-1310.
31. Perry, J., 1992. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. SLACK Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ.
32. Piaggesi A., Romanelli M., Schipani E., Campi F., Magliaro A., Baccetti F., Navalesi R. Hardness of plantar skin in diabetic neuropathic feet. J. Diabetes Complications 1999, 13:129-134.
33. Reiber, G.E., Boyko, E.J., Smith, D.G., 1995. Lower extremity foot ulcers and amputations in diabetes. In: Harris, M. I. (Eds.), Diabetes in America. NIDDK Pub No. 95-1468, pp. 409-428.
34. Reiber G.E., Lipsky B.A., Gibbons G.W. The burden of diabetic foot ulcers. Am. J. Surg. 1998, 176:5S-10S.
35. Stockl K., Vanderplas A., Tafesse E., Chang E. Costs of lower-extremity ulcers among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:2129-2134.
36. Sumpio B.E. Foot ulcers. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000, 343:787-793.
37. Tietze A. Concerning the architectural structure of the connective tissue in the human sole. Foot Ankle 1982, 2:252-259.
38. Ulbrecht J.S., Cavanagh P.R., Caputo G.M. Foot problems in diabetes: an overview. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2004, 39:S73-S82.
39. Zheng Y.P., Choi Y.K., Wong K., Chan S., Mak A.F. Biomechanical assessment of plantar foot tissue in diabetic patients using an ultrasound indentation system. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2000, 26:451-456.