Neuromyelitis optica

Current Treatment Options in Neurology

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 244-255

  Carroll, William M ^a   Fujihara, Kazuo ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b TOHOKU UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUAPORIN 4; AUTOANTIBODY; AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MITOXANTRONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISOLONE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RITUXIMAB;

ASTROCYTE; AXONAL INJURY; DEMYELINATION; DIET THERAPY; HICCUP; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LYMPHOCYTE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYELITIS; MYELOOPTIC NEUROPATHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTIC NERVE; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PLASMA VOLUME; PLASMAPHERESIS; RECURRENCE RISK; RELAPSE; REVIEW; SEROLOGY; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD DISEASE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

EID: 77953537559     PISSN: 10928480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11940-010-0071-z     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Aoyama T: A case of myelitis and blindness. J Tokyo Med Assoc 1891, 5:827-830.
2. Allbutt TC: On the ophthalmoscopic signs of spinal disease. Lancet 1870, 1:76-78.
3. Dévic E: Myélite aiguë dorso-lombaire avec névrite optique. Autopsie. Congrès Français de Médecine (Lyon) 1894, 1:434-439.
4. Gault F: De la neuromyélite optique aiguë [thesis]. Lyon, 1894.
5. Wingerchuk DM, Hogancamp WF, O'Brien PC, Weinshenker BG: The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). Neurology 1999, 53:1107-1114.
6. Lotze TE, Northrop JL, Hutton GJ, et al.: Spectrum of pediatric neuromyelitis optica. Pediatrics 2008, 122:e1039-e1047. This comprehensive description of pediatric NMO uses current diagnostic criteria and highlights the range of diverse clinical manifestations in this age group.
7. Pittock SJ, Lennon VA, Krecke K, et al.: Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol 2006, 63:390-396.
8. Matsushita T, Isobe N, Piao H, et al.: Reappraisal of brain MRI features in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica according to anti-aquaporin-4 antibody status. J Neurol Sci 2010 Jan 30 (Epub ahead of print). This article describes the MRI features in AQP4-positive Japanese NMO patients and shows that ovoid lesions of MS are common and that those with prominent brain lesions have high risk of recurrent attacks.
9. Scolding N: Devic's disease and autoantibodies. Lancet Neurol 2005, 4:136-137.
10. Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, et al.: Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2006, 66:1485-1489.
11. Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, et al.: IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin- 4 water channel. J Exp Med 2005, 202:473-477.
12. Matiello M, Lennon VA, Jacob A, et al.: NMO-IgG predicts the outcome of recurrent optic neuritis. Neurology 2008, 70:2197-2200. In this series of recurrent ON, seropositivity defines the disorder as a limited form of NMO.
13. Misu T, Fujihara K, Kakita A, et al.: Loss of aquaporin-4 in lesions in neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Brain 2007, 130:1224-1234. This article demonstrates that the pattern of AQP4 staining loss distinguishes NMO from MS.
14. Roemer SF, Parisi JE, Lennon VA, et al.: Patternspecific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Brain 2007, 130:1194-1205. This paper illustrates the contrasting patterns of AQP4 immunoreactivity in NMO and MS and shows the loss of AQP4 staining in acuteNMOlesions before demyelination or necrosis.
15. Jarius S, Paul F, Franciotta D, et al.: Mechanisms of disease: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2008, 4:202-214. This is a useful, authoritative review of evidence for humoral- mediated pathogenesis of NMO.
16. Cree B: Neuromyelitis optica: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2008, 8:427-433. This is a comprehensive review of NMO.
17. Bradl M, Misu T, Takahashi T, et al: Neuromyelitis optica: pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo. Ann Neurol 2009, 66:630-643. This article showed that high serum titer NMO-IgG from an NMO patient is pathogenic in animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inducing lesions resembling those in human NMO.
18. Nicchia GP, Mastrototaro M, Rossi A, et al.: Aquaporin- 4 orthogonal arrays of particles are the target for neuromyelitis optica autoantibodies. Glia 2009, 57:1363-1373. This paper demonstrated that NMO-IgG preferentially recognized the orthogonal arrays of particle-forming M23 isoform of AQP4 and that large orthogonal arrays of particles were found mainly in perivascular astrocyte processes. Further experiments indicated that the tetrameric form of AQP4 does not contain the antigenic region for NMO-IgG.
19. Bennett JL, Lam C, Kalluri SR, et al.: Intrathecal pathogenic anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica. Ann Neurol 2009, 66:617-629. This paper demonstrated that AQP4-specific immunoglobulin is synthesized intrathecally in an NMO patient at disease onset and, by the molecular characterization of the CSF plasma cell repertoire, showed that it directly contributes to CNS pathology. This report further confirms that AQP4 is the antigenic target in NMO.
20. Sloka JS, Steffanelli M: The mechanism of action of methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2005, 11(4):425-432.
21. high cell percentage and Foxp3 expression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2009, 119(4):239-245.
22. Goto H, Matsuo H, Nakane S, et al.: Plasmapheresis affects T helper type-1/T helper type-2 balance of circulating peripheral lymphocytes. Ther Apher 2001, 5:494-496.
23. Lehmann HC, Hartung HP, Hetzel GR, et al.: Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders. Part 1: Rationale and treatment of inflammatory central nervous system disorders. Arch Neurol 2006, 63:930-935.
24. Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al.: A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999, 46:878-886.
25. Keegan M, Pineda AA, McClelland RL, et al.: Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response. Neurology 2002, 58:143-146.
26. Watanabe S, Nashima I, Misu T, et al.: Therapeutic efficacy of plasma exchange in NMO-IgG-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler 2007, 13:128-132. This paper reports on six NMO-IgG antibody positive patients with steroid-resistant attacks of ON and myelitis, three of whom made a rapid recovery commencing soon after the start of plasma exchange. (Pubitemid 46152772)
27. Bonnan M, Valentino R, Olindo S: Plasma exchange in severe spinal attacks associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler 2009, 15:487-492. Plasma exchange was used as rescue therapy in 29 of 96 attacks of severe ON and myelitis in 43 Afro-Caribbean patients with NMO. Plasma exchange was shown to be safe and effective in both seropositive and seronegative patients.
28. Llufriu S, Castillo J, Blanco Y, et al.: Plasma exchange for acute attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of improvement. Neurology 2009, 73:949-953.
29. Aguilera AJ, Carlow TJ, Smith KJ, et al.: Lymphocytaplasmapheresis in Devic's syndrome. Transfusion 1985, 25:54-56.
30. Nozaki I, Hamaguchi T, Komai K, et al.: Fulminant Devic disease successfully treated by lymphocytapheresis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006, 77:1094-1095.
31. Papeix C, Vidal JS, De Seze J, et al.: Immunosuppressive therapy is more effective than interferon in neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler 2007, 13:256-259.
32. Tanaka M, Tanaka K, Komori M: Interferonβ1b treatment in neuromyelitis optica. Eur Neurol 2009, 62:167-170. Relapse rates and disability scores did not decrease in 35 NMO patients compared with 69 RRMS patients, all treated with IFNβ1b.
33. Warabi Y, Matsumoto Y, Hayashi H: Interferon beta-1b exacerbates multiple sclerosis with severe optic nerve and spinal cord demyelination. J Neurol Sci 2007, 252:57-61.
34. Shimizu Y, Yokoyama K, Misu T, et al.: Development of extensive brain lesions following interferon beta therapy in relapsing neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive myelitis. J Neurol 2008, 255:305-307.
35. Mandler RN, Ahmed W, Dencoff JE: Devic's neuromyelitis optica: a prospective study of seven patients treated with prednisone and azathioprine. Neurology 1998, 51:1219-1220.
36. Jacob A, Matiello M, Weinshenker BG, Wingerchuk DM: Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with mycophenolate mofetil. Retrospective analysis of 24 patients. Arch Neurol 2009, 66:1128-1133. This paper describes a retrospective analysis of 24 patients with NMO treated with MMF; it shows efficacy and safety.
37. Jacob A, Weinshenker B, Violich I, et al.: Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Arch Neurol 2008, 65:1443-1448. Patients received rituximab infusions at a mean interval of 8 months.
38. Kim HJ, Kim W, Park MS, et al.: B cell depletion therapy using rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Mult Scler 2009, 15:S253.
39. Cree BA, Lamb S, Morgan K, et al.: An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2005, 64:1270-1272.
40. Weinstock-Guttman B, Ramanathan M, Lincoff N, et al.: Study of mitoxantrone for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease). Arch Neurol 2006, 63:957-963.
41. Watanabe S, Misu T, Miyazama I, et al.: Low-dose corticosteroids reduce relapses in neuromyelitis optica: a retrospective analysis. Mult Scler 2007, 13:968-974. This article reports the usefulness of steroids in the prevention of recurrent attacks by comparing relapse frequency on treatment compared with off treatment.
42. Okada K, Tsuji S, Takana K: Intermittent intravenous immunoglobulin successfully prevents relapses of neuromyelitis optica. Intern Med 2007, 46:1671-1672.
43. Bakker J, Metz L: Devic's neuromyelitis optica treated with intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG). Can J Neurol Sci 2004, 31:265-267.
44. Mok CC, To CH, Mak A, Poon WL: Immunoablative cyclophosphamide for refractory lupus-related neuromyelitis optica. J Rheumatol 2008, 35:172-174.
45. Nasir S, Kerr D, Birnbaum J: Nineteen episodes of recurrent myelitis in a woman with neuromyelitis optica and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol 2009, 66:1160-1163.
46. Petelin Gadze Z, Hajnsek S, Basic S, et al.: Patient with neuromyelitis optica and inflammatory demyelinating lesions comprising whole spinal cord from C2 level till conus: case report. BMC Neurol 2009, 9:56.
47. An open label study of the effects of eculizumab in neuromyelitis optica. (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT00904826). Accessed March 8, 2010.
48. Meinl E, Krumbholz M, Hohlfeld R: B lineage cells in the inflammatory central nervous system environment: migration, maintenance, local antibody production and therapeutic modulation. Ann Neurol 2006, 59:880-892.
49. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant in Devic's disease. (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00787722). Accessed March 3, 2010.
50. Warth A: Prevention of orthogonal array of particles formation as a treatment approach for neuromyelitis optica. Med Hypotheses 2009, 73:361-362.
51. Dale RC, Brilot F, Banwell B: Pediatric central nervous system inflammatory demyelination: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndromes, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2009, 22:233-240. This article reviews the clinical, MRI, and serologic features of pediatric demyelinating diseases and the difficulties in predicting the risk of subsequent attacks of NMO and MS.