Community outbreak of measles in Madrid (Spain) caused by an imported case

Open Vaccine Journal

Volumn 3, Issue , 2010, Pages 48-54

  Comas, Luis García ^a   Gavín, María Ordobás ^a   Moreno, Juan Carlos Sanz ^a   Garduño, Inmaculada Rodero ^a   Rodríguez, Maria Angeles Gutiérrez ^a   Carbajo, Maria Dolores Lasheras ^a   Arnaez, Araceli Arce ^a   Muñoz, Rafael Fernández ^b   Fernández, Rosa Ramírez ^c  

^a Community of Madrid ^*  (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

^c Subdirectorate of Health Promotion and Epidemiology   (Spain)

Author keywords

Case; Community; Imported; Measles; Outbreak; Spain

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ANTIBODY; MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA VACCINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; IMPORT DISEASE; INFANT; INFECTION CONTROL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASLES; MEASLES VIRUS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPAIN; VIRUS ISOLATION; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE DURATION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; INCIDENCE; MEASLES VACCINATION; PNEUMONIA; REINFORCEMENT; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 77953463962     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18750354     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1875035401003020048     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. De Serres, G.; Gay, N.; Farrington, P. Epidemiology of transmissible diseases after elimination. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2000, 151(11), 1039-1047.
2. Peña-Rey, I.; Tello, O.; Martínez de Aragón, M.V.; Alcalde, E.; Castellanos, M.T. Epidemiology of Measles in Spain; Arranz, M., Ed. Measles. Spanish Society of Epidemiology 2008, pp.125-154. http://www.seepidemiologia.es/documents/dummy/el_sarampion.pdf [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
3. Vaccine Schedule. Order 1869/2006, Autonomous Region of Madrid: B.O.C.M.: 10 October 2006.
4. Instituto de Salud "Carlos III". Plan for measles elimination in Spain. Madrid, 2000. http://bvs.isciii.es/mono/pdf/CNE_07.pdf [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
5. Amela, C.; Pachón, I. The epidemiological surveillance of measles in the context of the "Plan for measles elimination in Spain". Bol. Epidemiol. Semanal., 2000, 8(16), 169-172.
6. Peña-Rey, I.; Sanz, M.C.; Amela, C. Plan for measles elimination in Spain. Evaluation of the year 2002. Bol. Epidemiol. Semanal., 2003, 11(7), 73-76. http://www.isciii.es/htdocs/centros/epidemiologia/boletin_semanal/bes0314.pdf [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
7. Amela, C.; Pachón, I.; Sanz, M.C.; Peña-Rey, I. Plan for measles elimination in Spain. Evaluation of the year 2001 and the first semester of the year 2002. Bol. Epidemiol. Semanal., 2002, 10(18), 185-188. http://www.isciii.es/htdocs/centros/epidemiologia/boletin_semanal/bes0234.pdf [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
8. Autonomous Region of Madrid. Plan for measles elimination in the Autonomous Region of Madrid. 2002. http://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?cid=1162295642429&language=es&pagename=PortalSalud%2FPage%2FPTSA_pintarContenidoFinal&vest=1156329914017 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
9. Autonomous Region of Madrid. Surveillance measles strategy. Bol. Epidemiol. Autonomous. Reg. Madrid, 2001, 7(8), 31-43.
10. Autonomous Region of Madrid. Measles notified cases in the Autonomous Region of Madrid, 2001, situation until 31 of August. Bol. Epidemiol. Auton. Reg. Madrid, 2001, 7(8), 44-47. Community Outbreak of Measles in Madrid (Spain)
11. Autonomous Region of Madrid: Changing the measles notification in the Autonomous Region of Madrid. ORDER 186/2001, B. O. C. M. 9, May 2001.
12. Autonomous Region of Madrid. III Serosurvey enquiry of the Autonomous Region of Madrid. Bol. Epidemiol. Auton. Reg. Madrid, 2002, 8(5), 3-36.
13. Garcia-Comas, L.; Measles outbreak in the region of Madrid, Spain, 2006. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(13), pii=2935. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?PublicationType=W&Volume=11&Issue=13&OrderNumber=1 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
14. De Ory, F.; Sanz, J.C.; Echevarria, J.E.; Mosquera, M.M.; Guisasola, M.E.: Network of Autonomous Laboratories for the Plan of Elimination of the Measles. Comparison of serological procedures used for the diagnosis of viral exanthema in laboratories participating in the measles elimination plan. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin., 2004, 22(6), 319-322.
15. Rima, BK.; Earle, J.A.; Yeo, R.P.; Herlihy, L.; Baczko, K.; ter Meulen, V.; Carabana, J.; Caballero, M.; Celma, M.L.; Fernández-Muñoz, R. Temporal and geographical distribution of measles virus genotypes. J. Gen. Virol., 1995, 76(Pt 5), 1173-1180.
16. Celma, M.L.; Fernández-Muñoz, R. Measles virus gene expression in lytic and persistent infections of a human lymphoblastoid cell line. J. Gen. Virol., 1992, 73(Pt 9), 2203-2209.
17. Pan American Health Organization. Measles Outbreak Reported in Venezuela. Immuniz. Newslett., 2006, XXVIII, num 2: http://www.paho.org/English/AD/FCH/IM/sne2802.pdf [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
18. Health Protection Agency. Laboratory confirmed cases of measles, mumps and rubella in England and Wales: weeks 47/05 to 01/06 2005. CDR Wkly., 2006, 16(12). http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/archives/2006/cdr1206.pdf [Accessed on: 23th, October 2009].
19. Health Protection Agency. Increase in measles cases in 2006, in England and Wales. C D R Wkly., 2006, 16(12). http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/archives/2006/cdr1206.pdf [Accessed on: 23th, October 2009].
20. Health Protection Agency. Outbreak of measles in Doncaster. CDR Wkly., 2006, 16(5). http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/archives/2006/cdr1506.pdf [Accessed on: 23th, October 2009].
21. Papania, M.J.; Seward, JF.; Redd, SB.; Lievano, F.; Harpaz, R.; Wharton, M.E. Epidemiology of measles in the United States, 1997-2001. J. Infect. Dis., 2004, 189 (Suppl 1), S61-68.
22. Rima, B.K.; Duprex, W.P. Morbilliviruses and human disease. J. Pathol., 2006, 208(2), 199-214.
23. WHO. Immunization surveillance, assessment and monitoring. Measles. WHO 2008. http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/diseases/measles/en/index.html [Accessed on: 23th, October 2009].
24. Government of Spain. AENA. Airport statistics. 2009. http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estadisticas/Home [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
25. Zandotti, C.; Jeantet, D.; Lambert, F.; Waku-Kouomou, D.; Wild, F.; Freymuth, F.; Harle, J.R.; de Lamballerie, X.; Charrel, R.N. Reemergence of measles among young adults in Marseilles, France. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2004, 19(9), 891-893.
26. Davidson, N.; Andrews, R.; Riddell, M.; Leydon, J.; Lynch, P. Outbreak investigation team. A measles outbreak among young adults in Victoria, February 2001. Commun. Dis. Intell., 2002, 26(2), 273-278.
27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measles outbreak associated with an imported case in an infant Alabama, 2002. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2004, 53(2), 30-33.
28. Atkinson, P., Cullinan, C.; Jones, J.; Fraser, G.; Maguire, H. Large outbreak of measles in London: reversal of health inequalities. Arch. Dis. Child., 2005, 90(4), 424-425.
29. Van den Hof, S.; Conyn-van Spaendonck, M.A.; van Steenbergen, J.E. Measles epidemic in the Netherlands, 1999-2000. J. Infect. Dis., 2002, 186(10), 1483-1486.
30. Aurangzeb, B.; Nisar, Y.B.; Hazir, T.; Burki, F.; Hassan, M.; Clinical outcome in children hospitalized with complicated measles. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak., 2005, 15(9), 547-551.
31. Muscat, M.; Bang, H.; Wohlfahrt, J.; Glismann, S.; Mølbak, K. EUVAC.NET Group Measles in Europe: an epidemiological assessment. Lancet, 2009, 373(9661), 383-389.
32. Oliveira, S.A.; Siquiera, M.M.; Camacho, L.A.; Castro-Silva, R.; Bruno, B.F.; Cohen, B.J. Use of RT-PCR on oral fluid samples to assist the identification of measles cases during an outbreak. Epidemiol. Infect., 2003, 130(1), 101-106.
33. Sharma, M.K.; Bhatia, V.; Swami, H.M. Outbreak of measles amongst vaccinated children in a slum of Chandigarh. Indian J. Med. Sci., 2004, 58(2), 47-53.
34. Lee, K.Y.; Lee, H.S.; Hur, J.K.; Kang, J.H.; Lee, B.C. The changing epidemiology of hospitalized pediatric patients in three measles outbreaks. J. Infect., 2007, 54(2), 167-172.
35. Blake, K.V.; Nguyen, O.T.; Capon, A.G. Nosocomial transmission of measles in western Sydney. Med. J. Aust., 2001, 175(8), 442.
36. Nakano, T.; Ihara, T.; Kamiya, H. Measles outbreak among non-immunized children in a Japanese hospital. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2002, 34(6), 426-429.
37. Marshall, T.M.; Hlatswayo, D.; Schoub, B. Nosocomial outbreaksa potential threat to the elimination of measles? J. Infect. Dis., 2003, 187(Suppl 1), S97-101.
38. Mendelson, G.M.; Roth, C.E.; Wreghitt, T.G.; Brown, N.M.; Ziegler, E.; Lever, A.M. Nosocomial transmission of measles to healthcare workers. Time for a national screening and immunization policy for NHS staff? J. Hosp. Infect., 2000, 44(2), 154-155.
39. Rooney, J.A.; Milton, D.J.; Hackler, R.L.; Harris, J.H.; Reynolds, D.; Tanner, M.; Taylor, E. The largest outbreak of measles in the United States during 1999: imported measles and pockets of susceptibility. J. Infect. Dis., 2004, 189(Suppl 1), S78-80.
40. Steingart, K.R.; Thomas, A.R.; Dykewicz, C.A.; Redd, S.C. Transmission of measles virus in healthcare settings during a communitywide outbreak. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol., 1999, 20(2), 115-119.
41. Krause, P.J.; Gross, P.A.; Barrett, T.L.; Dellinger, E.P.; Martone, W.J.; McGowan, J.E. Jr.; Sweet, R.L.; Wenzel, R.P. Quality standard for assurance of measles immunity among health care workers. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis., 1994, 18(3), 431-436.
42. Ramírez, R.; García, L.; Ordobás, M.; Rodero I. Actions in a Measles Outbreak; Arranz M, Ed. Measles. Spanish Society of Epidemiology 2008, pp.125-54. http://www.seepidemiologia.es/documents/dummy/el_sarampion.pdf [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
43. Siedler, A. Measles outbreaks in Hessen and Bavaria, Germany, 2005. Euro. Surveill., 2005, 10(7), E050728.2. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2005/050728.asp#2 [Accessed on: 23th, October 2009].
44. Georgakopoulou, T.; Grylli, C.; Kalamara, E.; Katerelos, P.; Spala, G.; Panagiotopoulos, T. Current measles outbreak in Greece. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(8), E060223.2. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2006/060223.asp#2 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
45. Spika, J.; Aidyralieva, C.; Mukharskaya, L.; Kostyuchenko, N.; Mulders, M.; Lipskaya, G.; Emiroglu, N. Measles outbreak in the Ukraine, 2005-2006. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(5), E060309.1. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2006/060309.asp#1 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
46. Van Treeck, U. Measles outbreak in Germany: over 1000 cases now reported in Nordrhein Westfalen. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11 (5), E060511.1. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2006/060511.asp#1 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
47. Stefanoff, P.; Czarkowski, MP. Unexpected rise in measles incidence in Poland in 2006 may be related to Ukrainian outbreak. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(26), E060629.3. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=2990 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
48. Samoilovich, E.O.; Yermalovich, M.A.; Semeiko, G.V.; Svirchevskaya, E.I.; Rimzha, M.I.; Titov, L.P. Outbreak of measles in Belarus, January-June 2006. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(30), E060727.3. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=3011 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
49. Boncompagni, G.; Incandela, L.; Bechini, A.; Giannini, D.; Cellini, C.; Trezzi, M.; Ciofi degli Atti, M.L.; Ansaldi, F.; Valle, L., Bonani, P. Measles outbreak in Grosseto, central Italy, 2006. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(31), E060803.4. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=3015 [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].
50. English, P.M.; Lang, N.; Raleigh, A.; Carroll, K.; Nicholls, M. Measles outbreak in Surrey. BMJ, 2006, 333(7576), 1021-1022.
51. Muscat, M.; Christiansen, A.H.; Persson, K.; Plesner, A.M.; Bottiger, B.E.; Glismann, S.; Romanus. V. Measles outbreak in the Oresund region of Denmark and Sweden. Euro Surveill., 2006, 11(13), E060330.4. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=2936, [Accessed on: 18th, October 2009].