Management of ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab

Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 69-82

  Toussirot, Éric ^a,b,c   Bertolini, Ewa ^a   Wendling, Daniel ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL JEAN MINJOZ   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE COMTÉ   (France)

^c HÔPITAL SAINT JACQUES   (France)

Author keywords

Ankylosing spondylitis; anti TNF ; Infliximab

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BACKACHE; BACTERIAL ARTHRITIS; CHURG STRAUSS SYNDROME; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CYSTITIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DIZZINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; EXERCISE; FATIGUE; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HEADACHE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION; JOINT STIFFNESS; LYMPHOMA; NEUTROPENIA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; OSTEOMYELITIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARESTHESIA; PHARYNGITIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RHINITIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SINUSITIS; SORE THROAT; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUBERCULOSIS; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 77953462913     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1179156X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Van Der Linden S, Van Der Heijde D. Ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical features. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1998;24(4):663-676.
2. Calin A. Terminology, introduction, diagnostic criteria, and overview. In: The Spondylarthritides. Calin A, Taurog JD, editors. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 1-15.
3. Braun J, Bollow M, Neure L, et al. Use of immunohistologic and in situ hybridization techniques in the examination of sacroiliac joint biopsy specimens from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(4):499-505.
4. Laloux L, Voisin MC, Allain J, et al. Immunohistological study of entheses in spondylarthropathies: comparison in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(4):316-321.
5. Baeten D, Demetter P, Cuvelier C, et al. Comparative study of the synovial histology in rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathy, and osteoarthritis: influence of disease duration and activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(12):945-953.
6. Appel H, Kuhne M, Spiekermann, et al. Immunohistologic analysis of zygapophyseal joints in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2845-2851.
7. Brown MA, Kennedy LG, Macgregor AJ, et al. Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins: the role of genes, HLA, and the environment. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(10):1823-1828.
8. Sims AM, Timms AE, Bruges-Armas J, et al. Prospective meta-analysis of interleukin-1 gene complex polymorphisms confirms association with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(9):1305-1309.
9. Rahman P, Inman RD, Gladman DD, et al. Association of IL-23 receptor variants with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008(4);58:1020-1225.
10. Braun J, Bollow M, Remlinger G, et al. Prevalence of spondylarthropathies in HLA-B27 positive and negative blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(1):58-67.
11. Saraux A, Guillemin F, Guggenbuhl, et al. Prevalence of spondylarthropthies in France: 2001. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(10):1431- 1435.
12. Little H. The natural history of ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1988;15:1179-1180.
13. Gran JT, Skomsvoll JF. The outcome of ankylosing spondylitis: a study of 100 patients. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36(7):766-771.
14. Amor B, Santos RS, Nahal R, Listrat V, Dougados M. Predictive factors for the long term outcome of spondylarthropathies. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(10):1883-1887.
15. Braun J, Pincus T. Mortality, course of the disease and prognosis of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20(Suppl 28):S16-S22.
16. Van Der Heijde D, Calin A, Dougados M, et al. Selection of instruments in the core set for DC-ART, SMARD, physical therapy, and clinical record keeping in ankylosing spondylitis. Progress report of the ASAS working group. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(4):951-954.
17. Anderson JJ, Baron G, Van Der Heijde D, Felson DT, Dougados M. Ankylosing spondylitis assessment group preliminary definition of short-term improvement in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(8):1876-1886.
18. Gran JT, Husby G. Ankylosing spondylitis. Current drug treatment. Drugs. 1992;44(4):585-603.
19. Toussirot E, Wendling D. Current guidelines for the drug treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Drugs. 1998;56(2):225-240.
20. Toussirot E. Management of ankylosing spondylitis and related spondylarthritis: established treatments, new pharmacological options and anti-TNFalpha therapies. In: Colombus F, editor. Arthritis Research. Houston, TX: Nova Science Publishers; 2005.
21. Van Tubergen A, Landewe R, Van Der Heijde D, et al. Combined spa-exercise is effective in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45(5):430-438.
22. Calin A, Elswood J. A prospective nationwide cross-sectional study of NSAID usage in 1331 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1990;17(6):801-803.
23. Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Abdellatif M. Comparison of sulfasalazine and placebo for the treatment of axial and peripheral articular manifestations of seronegative spondylarthropathies. A Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(11):2325-2329.
24. Gonzalez-Lopez L, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Vazquez-Del-Mercado M, Muniz-Valle JF, Gamez-Nava JI. Efficacy of methotrexate in ankylosing spondylitis. A randomized placebo controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(8):1568-1574.
25. Van Denderen JC, Van der Paardt M, Nurmohamed MT, de Ryck YM, Dijkmans BA, van der Horts-Bruinsma IE. Double-blind,randomized, placebo-controlled study of leflunomide in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(12):1761-1764.
26. Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Sieper J. Open label trial of anakinra in active ankylosing spondylitis over 24 weeks. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):296-298.
27. Maksymowych WP, Jhangri GS, Fitzgerald AA, et al. A six-month randomized, controlled, double-blind, dose response comparison of intravenous pamidronate (60 mg versus 10 mg) in the treatment of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-refractory ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(3):766-773.
28. Toussirot E, Le Huédé G, Lohse A, Cedoz JP, Wendling D. Transcient efficacy of pulse pamidronate treatment in active spondylarthropathies: an open study of 35 cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006; 24(3):348.
29. Maugars Y, Mathis C, Berthelot JM, et al. Assessment of the efficacy of sacroiliac corticosteroid injections in spondylarthropathies: a double blind study. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35(8):767-770.
30. Gratacos J, Collado A, Filella X, et al. Serum cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β and IFNγ) in ankylosing spondylitis: a close correlation between serum IL-6 and disease activity and severity. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33(10):927-931.
31. Toussirot E, Lafforgue P, Boucraut J, et al. Serum levels of IL-1β, TNFα, soluble IL-2 receptor and soluble CD8 in seronegative spondylarthropathies. Rheumatol Int. 1994;13(5):175-180.
32. Mielants H, Veys EM. HLA-B27 related arthritis and bowel inflammation: sulfasalazine in HLA-B27 related arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1985;12(2):287-293.
33. Sandborn WJ. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a review of agents, pharmacology, clinical results and safety. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1999;5(2):119-133.
34. Breban M, Gombert B, Amor B, Dougados M. Efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of refractory ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(3):580-581.
35. Sieper J, Braun J. New treatment options in ankylosing spondylitis: a role for anti-TNFα therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(Suppl 3):iii58-61.
36. Van Den Bosch, Baeten D, Kruithof E, De Keyser F, Mielants H, Veys EM. Treatment of active spondylarthropathy with infliximab, the chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(Suppl 3):iii33-66.
37. Toussirot E, Wendling D. Recent progress in ankylosing spondylitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003;4(1):1-12.
38. Wendling D, Toussirot E. Anti-TNFα therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004;5(7):1497-1507.
39. Markham A, Lamb HM. Infliximab. A review of its use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs. 2000;59(6):1341-1359.
40. Robinson DM, Keating GM. Infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis. Drugs. 2005;65(9):1283-1291.
41. Brandt J, Haibel H, Cornely D, et al. Successful treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with the anti-tumor necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody infliximab. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(6):1346-1352.
42. Van Der Bosch F, Kruithof E, Baeten D, De Keyser F, Mielants H, Veys EM. Effects of a loading dose regimen of three infusions of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α (infliximab) in spondylarthropathy: an open pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(6):428-433.
43. Stone M, Salonen D, Lax M, et al. Clinical and imaging correlates of response to treatment with infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2001;28(7):1605-1614.
44. Maksymowych W, Jhangri GS, Lambert RG, et al. Infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis: a prospective observational inception cohort analysis of efficacy and safety. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(5):959-965.
45. Breban M, Vignon E, Claudepierre P, et al. Efficacy of infliximab in refractory ankylosing spondylitis: results of a six-month open-label study. Rheumatology. 2002;41(11):1280-1285.
46. Temekonidis TI, Alamanos Y, Nikas SN, et al. Infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: an open label 12 month study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(12):1218-1220.
47. Collantes-Estevez E, Munoz-Villanueva MC, Canete-Crespillo, et al. Infliximab in refractory spondylarthropathies: a multicentre 38 week open study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(12):1239-1240.
48. Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomized controlled multicentre trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1187-1193.
49. Van Den Bosch F, Kruithof E, Baeten D, et al. Randomised double blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha (infliximab) versus placebo in active spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(3):755-765.
50. Van der Heijde D, Dijkmans B, Geusens P, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosign spondylitis. Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ASSERT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(2):582-591.
51. Kruithof E, Van Den Bosch F, Baeten D, et al. Repeated infusions of infliximab, a chimeric anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody in patients with active spondylarthropathy: one year follow up. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61(3):207-212.
52. Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. An open, observational, extension study of a three month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(8):2224-2233.
53. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Golder W, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the spine , before and after successful therapy with infliximab: evaluation of new scoring system. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(4):1126-1136.
54. D' Agostino MA, Breban M, Said-Nahal R, Dougados M. Refractory inflammatory heel pain in spondylarthropathy: a significant response to infliximab documented by ultrasound. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(3):840-841.
55. Toussirot E, Wendling D. Bone mass in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000;18(Suppl 21):S16-S20.
56. Allali F, Breban M, Porcher R, Maillefert JF, Dougados M, Roux C. Increase in bone mineral density of patients with spondylarthropathy treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(4):347-349.
57. Keller C, Webb A, Davis J. Cytokines in the seronegative spondylarthropathies and their modification by TNF blockade: a brief report and literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(12):1128-1132.
58. Zou J, Rudwaleit M, Brandt J, et al. Down-regulation of the nonspecific and antigen specific T cell cytokine response in ankylosing spondylitis during treatment with infliximab. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(3):780-790.
59. Zou J, Braun J, Sieper J. Immunological basis for the use of TNFα blocking agents in ankylosing spondylitis and immunologic changes during treatment. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20(Suppl 28):S34-S37.
60. Baeten D, Van Damme N, Van Den Bosch F, et al. Impaired Th1 cytokine production in spondylarthropathy is restored by anti-TNFα . Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(8):750-755.
61. Yang C, Gu J, Rihl M, et al. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 correlate with disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51(5):691-699.
62. Maksymowych W, Landewé R, Conner-Spady B, et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinase 3 is an independent predictor of structural damage progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):1846-1853.
63. Vandooren B, Kruithof E, Yu DT, et al. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in peripheral synovitis and down-regulation by tumor-necrosis factor alpha blockade in spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(9):2942-2953.
64. Baeten D, Kruithof E, Van Den Bosch F, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy on synovium in spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(1):186-195.
65. Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, et al. Two year maintenance of efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):229-234.
66. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Brandt J, et al. Persistent clincial response to the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis over 3 years. Rheumatology. 2005;44(5):670-676.
67. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, et al. Persistent clinical efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy with infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis over 5 years: evidence for different types of response. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(3):340-345.
68. Braun J, Deodhar A, Dijkmans B, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis over a two-year period. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(9):1270-1278.
69. Venetsanopoulos AI, Vougari PV, Alamanos Y, Papadopoulos CG, Markatseli TE, Drosos AA. Persistent clinical response of infliximab treatment over a 4 year period in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2007;27(10):935-939.
70. Nikkas SN, Alamanos Y, Voulgari PV, Pliakou XI, Papadopoulos CG, Drosos AA. Infliximab therapy in ankylosing spondylitis: an observational study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:940-942.
71. Gossec L, Le Henanff A, Breban M, et al. Continuation of treatment with infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis: 2 year open follow up. Rheumatology. 2006;45(7):859-862.
72. Khanna D, McMahon M, Furst DE. Safety of tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists. Drug Saf. 2004;27(5):301-324.
73. Baeten D, Kruithof E, Van Den Bosch F, et al. Systematic safety follow up in a cohort of 107 patients with spondylarthropathy treated with infliximab: a new perspective on the role of host defence in the pathogenesis of the disease? Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(9):829-834.
74. Askling J, Klareskog L, Blomqvist P, Fored M, Feltelius N. Risk of malignant lymphoma in ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide Swedish case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(9):1184-1187.
75. Tubach F, Salmon-Céron D, Ravaud P, Mariette X; for the RATIO Study Group. The RATIO observatory: French registry of opportunistic infections, severe bacterial infections, and lymphoma complicating anti-TNFalpha therapy. Joint Bone Spine. 2005;72(12):456-460.
76. Mariette X, Tubach F, Ravaud P, et al. The risk of lymphoma is higher in patients treated with infliximab or adalimumab than in patients treated with etanercept. Results of the French 3-year prospective Ratio observatory. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(Suppl):S782.
77. Aksu K, Donmez A, Ertan Y, et al. Hodgkin's lymphoma following treatment with etanercept in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2007;28(2):185-187.
78. El-Shabrawi Y, Hermann J. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab as an alternative to corticosteroids in the treatment of human leukocyte antigen B27 associated acute anterior uveitis. Ophtalmology. 2002;109(12):2342-2346.
79. Kruithof E, Kestelyn P, Elewaut C, et al. Successful use of infliximab in a patient with treatment resistant spondylarthropathy related uveitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61(5):470.
80. Lim LL, Fraunfelder FW, Rosenbaum JT. Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause uveitis? A registry-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(10):3248-3252.
81. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Sieper J. Decreased incidence of anterior uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with the anti-tumor necrosis factor agents infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(8):2447-2451.
82. Antoni CE, Kavanaugh A, Kirkham B, et al. Sustained benefits of infliximab therapy for dermatologic and articular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis: results from the infliximab multinational psoriatic arthritis controlled trial (IMPACT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(4):1227-1236.
83. Antoni C, Krueger GG, de Vlam K, Infliximab improves signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis: results of the IMPACT 2 trial. IMPACT 2 Trial Investigators. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(8):1150-1157.
84. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Davis J, Van der Heijde D, Haibel H, et al. Differences in the incidence of flares or new onset of inflammatory bowel diseases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis exposed to therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(4):639-647.
85. Braun J, Pham T, Sieper J, et al. International ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(9):817-824.
86. Braun J, Davis J, Dougados M, Sieper J, van der Linden S, van der Heijde D; ASAS Working Group. First update of the international ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(3):316-320.
87. Maksyowych W, Inman RD, Gladman D, et al. Canadian Rheumatology association consensus on the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha directed therapies in the treatment of spondylarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(6):1356-1363.
88. Pham T, Fautrel B, Dernis E, et al. Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology regarding TNFalpha antagonist therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis: 2007 update. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(12):638-646.
89. Landewé R, Rump B, Van Der Heijde D, et al. Which patients with ankylosing spondylitis should be treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibiting therapy? A survey among Dutch rheumatologists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(5):530-534.
90. Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Brandt J, et al. Prediction of a major clinical response (BASDAI) to tumour necrosis factor α blockers in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(6):665-670.
91. Rudwaleit M, Schwarzlose S, Hilgert ES, Listing J, Braun J, Sieper J. MRI in predicting a major clinical response to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(9):1276-1281.
92. Rudwaleit M, Sieper J. Infliximab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2005;5(8):1095-1109.
93. Brandt J, Haibel H, Reddig J, Sieper J, Braun J. Successful treatment of severe undifferenciated spondylarthropathy with the anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody infliximab. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(1):118-122.
94. Marzo-Ortega H, McGonagle D, Jarrett S, et al. Infliximab in combination with methotrexate in active ankylosing spondylitis. A clinical and imaging study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(11):1568-1575.
95. Breban M, Ravaud P, Claudepierre P, et al. Maintenance of infliximab treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: results of a one-year randomized controlled trial comparing systematic versus on-demand treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):88-97.
96. Li EK, Griffith JF, Lee VW, et al. Short-term efficacy of combination methotrexate and infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging correlation. Rheumatology. 2008;47(9):1358-1353.
97. Baraliakos X, Listing J, Brandt J, et al. Radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after 4 years of treatment with the anti-TNFalpha antibody infliximab. Rheumatology. 2007;46(9):1450-1453.
98. Van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Baraliakos X, et al. Radiographic findings following two years of infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(10):3063-3070.
99. Wollina U, Hansel G, Koch A, Schönlebe J, Köstler E, Haroske G. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor induced psoriasis or psoriasiform exanthema: first 120 cases from the literature including series of six new patients. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2008;9(1):1-14.
100. Oh J, Arkfeld DG, Horwitz DA. Development of Crohn's disease in a patient taking etanercept. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(4):752-753.
101. Song IH, Appel H, Haibel H, et al. New onset of Crohn's disease during treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with etanercept. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(3):532-536.
102. Yazisiz V, Avci AB, Erbasan F, Yildirim B, Terzioglu E. Development of Crohn's disease following anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy (etanercept). Colorectal Dis. 2008;10(9):953-954.
103. Toussirot E, Pertuiset E, Kantelip B, Wendling D. Sarcoidosis occuring during anti-TNFalpha treatment for inflammatory rheumatic diseases: report of two cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26(3):461-475.
104. Daien CI, Monnier A, Claudepierre P, et al; for the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation (CRI). Sarcoid-like granulomatosis in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 10 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009; May 7 [Epub ahead of print].
105. Wanders A, Van Der Heijde D, Landewé R, et al. Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;42(6):1756-1765.