Interferon gamma release assays for diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis

Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 303-312

  Thijsen, Steven F T ^a   Bossink, Ailko W J ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY   (Netherlands)

^b Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; IGRA; Quantiferon; T SPOT.TB; TST; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CULTURE FILTRATE PROTEIN 10; EARLY SECRETORY ANTIGENIC TARGET 6; GAMMA INTERFERON; NUCLEIC ACID; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR;

BACTERIUM DETECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; HOST; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; LATENT PERIOD; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MENINGITIS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PERFORMANCE; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; TUBERCULOUS PLEURISY; VACCINATION;

EID: 77953392462     PISSN: 17530059     EISSN: 17530067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17530050902758738     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing: WHO report 2008. WHO/HTM/TB/2008.393. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/ publications/global-report/2008/pdf/fullreport.pdf.
2. Goldfeld A, Ellner JJ. Pathogenesis and management of HIV/TB co-infection in Asia. Tuberculosis 2007;87 (Suppl 1):S26-30 (Pubitemid 47223829)
3. Triccas JA, Davenport MP. Infectious diseases: too little, too late for tuberculosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2008;86:293-294 (Pubitemid 351668001)
4. Cox GL. Sanatorium treatment contrasted with home treatment. After-histories of 4067 cases. Br J Tuberc 1923;17:27-30
5. Pawelec G, Larbi A. Immunity and ageing in man: annual review 2006/2007. Exp Gerontol 2008;43:34-38
6. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1098-1104 (Pubitemid 34940777)
7. Martin C. The dream of a vaccine against tuberculosis; new vaccines improving or replacing BCG? Eur Respir J 2005;26:162-167
8. Andersen P. Tuberculosis vaccines - an update. Nat Rev Microbiol 2007;5:484-487 (Pubitemid 46925376)
9. Marris E. A dozen vaccine candidates bring shot of hope to TB epidemic. Nat Med 2007;3:274 (Pubitemid 46376666)
10. Available from: http://www.kncvtbc.nl/publications/ annual report/summary 'TB in the Netherlands 2006'
11. Daniel TM. The history of tuberculosis. Respir Med 2006;100:1862-1870 (Pubitemid 44490295)
12. Gradmann C. Robert Koch and the pressures of scientific research: tuberculosis and tuberculin. Med Hist 2001;1:1-32
13. Kaufmann SH, Schaible UE. 100th anniversary of Robert Koch's Nobel Prize for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus. Trends Microbiol 2005;10:469-475 (Pubitemid 41317524)
14. Ba F, Rieder HL. A comparison of fluorescence microscopy with the Ziehl-Neelsen technique in the examination of sputum for acid-fast bacilli. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999;12:1101-1105
15. Somoskovi A, Hotaling JE, Fitzgerald M, et al. Lessons from a proficiency testing event for acid-fast microscopy. Chest 2001;1:250-257 (Pubitemid 32744887)
16. Steingart KR, Henry M, Ng V, et al. Fluorescence versus conventional sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;9:570-581 (Pubitemid 44262344)
17. Sarmiento OL, Weigle KA, Alexander J, et al. Assessment by meta-analysis of PCR for diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2003;7:3233-3240 (Pubitemid 36842327)
18. Trajman A, Pai M, Dheda K, et al. Novel tests for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion: what works and what does not? Eur Respir J 2008;5:1098-1106
19. Kilpatrick ME, Girgis NI, Yassin MW, bu el Ella AA. Tuberculous meningitis- clinical and laboratory review of 100 patients. J Hyg (Lond) 1986;2:231-238 (Pubitemid 16117618)
20. Noordhoek GT, Mulder S, Wallace P, van Loon AM. Multicentre quality control study for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples by nucleic amplification methods. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;4:295-301 (Pubitemid 38519355)
21. Jafari C, Ernst M, Kalsdorf B, et al. Rapid diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis by bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;9:1048-1054 (Pubitemid 44684455)
22. Rothel JS, Andersen P. Diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: is the demise of the Mantoux test imminent? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2005;6:981-993
23. Steingart KR, Henry M, Laal S, et al. Commercial serological antibody detection tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review. PLoS Med 2007;6:e202 (Pubitemid 46998622)
24. Goletti D, Butera O, Bizzoni F, et al. Region of difference 1 antigen-specific CD4+ memory T cells correlate with a favorable outcome of tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2006;7:984-992 (Pubitemid 44454084)
25. Farhat M, Greenaway C, Pai M, Menzies D. False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006;11:1192-1204
26. Wang L, Turner MO, Elwood RK, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccination on tuberculin skin test measurements. Thorax 2002;9:804-809 (Pubitemid 34984980)
27. Leyten EM, Prins C, Bossink AW, et al. Effect of tuberculin skin testing on a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma assay. Eur Respir J 2007;6:1212-1216 (Pubitemid 46895383)
28. Mazurek GH, Lobue PA, Daley CL, et al. Comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for detecting latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Jama 2001;14:1740-1747 (Pubitemid 33010260)
29. Cole ST, Brosch R, Parkhill J, et al. Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature 1998;6685:537-544 (Pubitemid 28319235)
30. Behr MA, Wilson MA, Gill WP, et al. Comparative genomics of BCG vaccines by whole-genome DNA microarray. Science 1999;5419:1520-1523 (Pubitemid 129524431)
31. Liu XQ, Dosanjh D, Varia H, et al. Evaluation of T-cell responses to novel RD1- and RD2-encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene products for specific detection of human tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2004;5:2574-2581 (Pubitemid 38542383)
32. Scarpellini P, Tasca S, Galli L, et al. Selected pool of peptides from ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Microbiol 2004;8:3469-3474 (Pubitemid 39045668)
33. Renshaw PS, Lightbody KL, Veverka V, et al. Structure and function of the complex formed by the tuberculosis virulence factors CFP-10 and ESAT-6. Embo J 2005;14:2491-2498 (Pubitemid 41076306)
34. Brodin P, Rosenkrands I, Andersen P, et al. ESAT-6 proteins: protective antigens and virulence factors? Trends Microbiol 2004;11:500-508
35. Pym AS, Brodin P, Majlessi L, et al. Recombinant BCG exporting ESAT-6 confers enhanced protection against tuberculosis. Nat Med 2003;5:533-539 (Pubitemid 36597098)
36. Arend SM, Geluk A, van Meijgaarden KE, et al. Antigenic equivalence of human T-cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific RD1-encoded protein antigens ESAT-6 and culture filtrate protein 10 and to mixtures of synthetic peptides. Infect Immun 2000;6:3314-3321 (Pubitemid 30340425)
37. Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, et al. A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;6:3684-3689 (Pubitemid 34252166)
38. Leyten EM, Mulder B, Prins C, et al. Use of enzyme-linked immunospot assay with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific peptides for diagnosis of recent infection with M. tuberculosis after accidental laboratory exposure. J Clin Microbiol 2006;3:1197-1201
39. Pai M, Riley LW, Colford JM Jr. Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;12:761-776 (Pubitemid 39574348)
40. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing: WHO report 2008. Available from: www.Cellestis.com/Quatiferon recources/technical information
41. Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK, Available from: www.oxfordimmunotec.com
42. Pai M, Zwerling A, Menzies D. Systematic review: T-Cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an Update. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:177-184
43. Menzies D, Pai M, Comstock G. Meta-analysis: new tests for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: areas of uncertainty and recommendations for research. Ann Intern Med 2007;5:340-354 (Pubitemid 351650594)
44. Lalvani A. Diagnosing tuberculosis infection in the 21st century: new tools to tackle an old enemy. Chest 2007;6:1898-1906 (Pubitemid 46981652)
45. Menzies D, Pai M, Comstock G. Meta-analysis: new tests for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: areas of uncertainty and recommendations for research. Ann Intern Med 2007;5:340-354 (Pubitemid 351650594)
46. Arend SM, Thijsen SF, Leyten EM, et al. Comparison of two interferon-gamma assays and tuberculin skin test for tracing TB contacts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:618-627 (Pubitemid 46438947)
47. Wiselka M. 2006: a year for cautious optimism in tuberculosis. J Infect 2006;53:1-4 (Pubitemid 43960456)
48. Mazurek GH, Jereb J, Lobue P, et al. Guidelines for using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, United States. Mmwr Recomm Rep 2005;15:49-55
49. Jasmer RM, Nahid P, Hopewell PC. Clinical practice. Latent tuberculosis infection. N Engl J Med 2002;23:1860-1866
50. Chapman AL, Munkanta M, Wilkinson KA, et al. Rapid detection of active and latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-positive individuals by enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells. Aids 2002;17:2285-2293 (Pubitemid 35449014)
51. Jones S, de GD, Wallach FR, et al. Utility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube testing for latent TB infection in HIV-infected individuals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007;11:1190-1195 (Pubitemid 350146299)
52. Liebeschuetz S, Bamber S, Ewer K, et al. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in South African children with a T-cell-based assay: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2004;9452:2196-2203 (Pubitemid 40018449)
53. Dheda K, Lalvani A, Miller RF, et al. Performance of a T-cell-based diagnostic test for tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals is independent of CD4 cell count. Aids 2005;17:2038-2041 (Pubitemid 41669032)
54. Karam F, Mbow F, Fletcher H, et al. Sensitivity of IFN-gamma release assay to detect latent tuberculosis infection is retained in HIV-infected patients but dependent on HIV/AIDS progression. Plos One 2008;3:e1441 (Pubitemid 351248273)
55. Rangaka MX, Wilkinson KA, Seldon R, et al. Effect of HIV-1 infection on T-Cell-based and skin test detection of tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;5:514-520 (Pubitemid 46354256)
56. Brock I, Ruhwald M, Lundgren B, et al. Latent tuberculosis in HIV positive, diagnosed by the M. tuberculosis specific interferon-gamma test. Respir Res 2006;7:56 (Pubitemid 44131691)
57. Ferrara G, Losi M, Meacci M, et al. Routine hospital use of a new commercial whole blood interferon-gamma assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;5:631-635 (Pubitemid 41232976)
58. Pai M, Lewinsohn DM. Interferon-gamma assays for tuberculosis: is anergy the Achilles' heel? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;5:519-521
59. Matulis G, Juni P, Villiger PM, Gadola SD. Detection of latent tuberculosis in immunosuppressed patients with autoimmune diseases: performance of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific interferon gamma assay. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;1:84-90
60. van Leeuwen RM, Bossink AW, Thijsen SF. Exclusion of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection with the T-SPOT.TB assay. Eur Respir J 2007;3:605-607 (Pubitemid 46372111)
61. ter Steege RW, Arend SM, Wills SH, van AR. Two patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005;2:93-97
62. Sharma SK, Banga A. Pleural fluid interferon-gamma and adenosine deaminase levels in tuberculosis pleural effusion: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2005;2:40-46 (Pubitemid 40389481)
63. Sharma SK, Banga A. Diagnostic utility of pleural fluid IFN-gamma in tuberculosis pleural effusion. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2004;4:213-217 (Pubitemid 38526781)
64. Greco S, Girardi E, Masciangelo R, et al. Adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma measurements for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;8:777-786 (Pubitemid 36987942)
65. Trajman A, Pai M, Dheda K, et al. Novel tests for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion: what works and what does not? Eur Respir J 2008;5:1098-1106
66. Wilkinson KA, Wilkinson RJ, Pathan A, et al. Ex vivo characterization of early secretory antigenic target 6-specific T cells at sites of active disease in pleural tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;1:184-187 (Pubitemid 40053478)
67. Ariga H, Kawabe Y, Nagai H, et al. Diagnosis of active tuberculous serositis by antigen-specific interferon-gamma response of cavity fluid cells. Clin Infect Dis 2007;12:1559-1567
68. Baba K, Sornes S, Hoosen AA, et al. Evaluation of immune responses in HIV infected patients with pleural tuberculosis by the QuantiFERON TB-Gold interferon-gamma assay. BMC Infect Dis 2008;8:35
69. Losi M, Bossink A, Codecasa L, et al. Use of a T-cell interferon-{gamma} release assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Eur Respir J 2007;30:1173-1179 (Pubitemid 351194766)
70. Available from: http://www.kncvtbc.nl/publications/ annual report/summary 'TB in the Netherlands 2006'
71. Frieden TR, Sterling TR, Munsiff SS, et al. Tuberculosis. Lancet 2003;9387:887-899
72. Kang YA, Lee HW, Hwang SS, et al. Usefulness of whole-blood interferon-gamma assay and interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 2007;3:959-965
73. Schwander SK, Torres M, Carranza CC, et al. Pulmonary mononuclear cell responses to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthy household contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and healthy controls from the community. J Immunol 2000;3:1479-1485 (Pubitemid 30604581)
74. Jafari C, Ernst M, Strassburg A, et al. Local immunodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunospot. Eur Respir J 2008;2:261-265
75. Strassburg A, Jafari C, Ernst M, et al. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB by BAL enzyme-linked immunospot assay in an immunocompromised host. Eur Respir J 2008;5:1132-1135
76. Rock RB, Olin M, Baker CA, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;2:243-261 (Pubitemid 351555506)
77. Quan C, Lu CZ, Qiao J, et al. Comparative evaluation of early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by different assays. J Clin Microbiol 2006;9:3160-3166 (Pubitemid 44413746)
78. Kosters K, Nau R, Bossink A, et al. Rapid Diagnosis of CNS Tuberculosis by a T-Cell Interferon-gamma Release Assay on Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cells. Infection 2008;36(6):597-600
79. Murakami S, Takeno M, Oka H, et al. Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis due to detection of ESAT-6-specific gamma interferon production in cerebrospinal fluid enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2008;5:897-899 (Pubitemid 351967036)
80. Thomas MM, Hinks TS, Raghuraman S, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis by enumeration of cerebrospinal fluid antigen-specific T-cells. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008;6:651-657 (Pubitemid 351846763)
81. Kim SH, Chu K, Choi SJ, et al. Diagnosis of central nervous system tuberculosis by T-cell-based assays on peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2008;9:1356-1362
82. Diel R, Loddenkemper R, Meywald-Walter K, et al. Predictive value of a whole-blood IFN-{gamma} assay for the development of active TB disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1164-1170
83. Leyten EM, Arend SM, Prins C, et al. Discrepancy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific gamma interferon release assays using short and prolonged in vitro incubation. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007;7:880-885
84. Franken WP, Arend SM, Thijsen SF, et al. Interferon-gamma release assays during follow-up of tuberculin skin test-positive contacts. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008;11:1286-1294
85. Buijtels PC, Petit PL, Verbrugh HA, et al. Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Zambia: eight case reports. J Clin Microbiol 2005;12:6020-6026 (Pubitemid 43100654)