The effects of insecure attachment orientations and perceived social support on posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms among civilians exposed to the 2009 Israel-Gaza war: A follow-up Cross-Lagged panel design study

Journal of Research in Personality

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 335-341

  Besser, Avi ^a   Neria, Yuval ^b,c  

^a SAPIR ACADEMIC COLLEGE   (Israel)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Adult attachment; Depressive symptoms; Evacuees; Perceived social support; PTSD; Students; War zone

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953361885     PISSN: 00926566     EISSN: 10957251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.03.004     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Arbuckle J.L. Amos: A structural equation modeling program 1999, Small Waters, Chicago.
2. Besser, A., & Neria, Y. (in press). When home isn't a safe haven: Insecure attachment, perceived social support, and PTSD symptoms among Israeli evacuees from a battlefront still under threat. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.
3. Besser A., Neria Y. PTSD symptoms, satisfaction with life, and prejudicial attitudes towards the adversary among Israelis exposed to ongoing terrorist attacks. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2009, 22:268-275.
4. Besser A., Neria Y., Haynes M. Adult attachment, perceived stress, and PTSD among civilians continuously exposed to terrorism in southern Israel. Personality and Individual Differences 2009, 47:851-857.
5. Besser A., Priel B. The apple does not fall far from the tree: Attachment styles and personality vulnerabilities to depression in three generations of women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2005, 31:1052-1073.
6. Besser A., Priel B. Models of attachment, confirmation of positive affective expectations, and satisfaction with vacation activities: A pre-post panel design study of leisure. Personality and Individual Differences 2006, 41:1055-1065.
7. Besser A., Priel B. Emotional responses to a romantic partner's imaginary rejection: The roles of attachment anxiety, covert narcissism, and self-evaluation. Journal of Personality 2009, 77:287-325.
8. Besser A., Priel B. Personality vulnerability, low social support, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation under ongoing exposure to terrorist attacks. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2010, 29:166-201.
9. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss, sadness, and depression. Vol. 3 1980, Basic, New York.
10. Canty-Mitchell J., Zimet G.D. Psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in urban adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology 2000, 28:391-400.
11. Cox B., MacPherson P.S.R., Enns M.W., McWilliams L.A. Neuroticism and self-criticism associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in a nationally representative sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2004, 42:105-114.
12. Declercq F., Willemsen J. Distress and post-traumatic stress disorders in high risk professionals: Adult attachment style and the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 2006, 13:256-263.
13. Fraley R.C., Waller N.G., Brennan K.A. An item-response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 78:350-365.
14. Galea S., Vlahov D., Resnick H.S., Ahern J., Susser E.S., Gold J., et al. Trends of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City after the September 11 terrorist attacks. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003, 158:514-524.
15. Hobfoll S.E., Canetti-Nisim D., Johnson R. Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2006, 74:207-218.
16. King D.W., King L.A., Foy D.W., Keane T.M., Fairbank J.A. Posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of female and male Vietnam veterans: Risk factors, war-zone stressors, and resilience-recovery variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1999, 108:164-170.
17. Kobak R.R., Sceery A. Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representations of self and others. Child Development 1988, 59:135-146.
18. Kroenke K., Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2001, 16:606-613.
19. Lopez F.G., Brennan K.A. Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization: Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2000, 47:283-301.
20. Lopez G., Mitchell P., Gormley B. Adult attachment orientations and college student distress: Test of a mediational model. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2002, 49:460-467.
21. Mallinckrodt B., Wei M. Attachment, social competence, social support, and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2005, 52:358-367.
22. Mikulincer M., Birnbaum G., Woddis D., Nachmias O. Stress and accessibility of proximity-related thoughts: Exploring the species-typical and intra-individual components of attachment theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 78:509-523.
23. Mikulincer M., Florian V. Appraisal of and coping with a real-life stressful situation - The contribution of attachment styles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1995, 21:406-414.
24. Mikulincer M., Florian V., Tolmatz R. Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 58:273-280.
25. Mikulincer M., Florian V., Weller A. Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the Gulf war in Israel. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 64:817-826.
26. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R. The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamic, and interpersonal processes. Advances in experimental social psychology 2003, Vol. 35:53-152. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
27. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R. Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change 2007, Guilford Press, New York.
28. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R., Horesh N. Attachment bases of emotion regulation and posttraumatic adjustment. Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health 2006, 77-99. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. D.K. Snyder, J.A. Simpson, J.N. Hughes (Eds.).
29. Neria, Y., Besser, A., Kiper, D., & Westphal. M. (in press). A longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder in civilians exposed to war trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress.
30. Neria Y., Guttman-Steinmetz S., Koenen K., Levinovsky L., Zakin G., Dekel R. Do attachment and hardiness relate to each other and to mental health in real life stress?. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2001, 18:844-858.
31. Norris F.H., Friedman M.J., Watson P.J., Byrne C.M., Diaz E., Kaniasty K. 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry 2002, 65:207-239.
32. Norris F.H., Kaniasty K. Received and perceived social support in times of stress: A test of the social support deterioration deterrence model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 71:498-511.
33. Shalev A.Y., Tuval R., Frenkiel-Fishman S., Hadar H., Eth S. Psychological responses to continuous terror: A study of two communities in Israel. American Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 163:667-673.
34. Simpson J.A. The influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 59:971-980.
35. Solomon Z., Benbenishty R., Neria Y., Abramovitz M., Ginzburg K., Ohry A. Assessment of PTSD: Validation of the revised PTSD inventory. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 1993, 30:110-115.
36. Wei M., Heppner P.P., Mallinckrodt B. Perceived coping as a mediator between attachment and psychological distress: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2003, 50:438-447.
37. Wei M., Mallinckrodt B., Russell D.W., Abraham W.T. Maladaptive perfectionism as mediator and moderator between attachment and negative mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2004, 51:201-212.
38. Wei M., Russell D.W., Mallinckrodt B., Zakalik R.A. Cultural equivalence of adult attachment across four ethnic groups: Factor structure, structured means, and associations with negative mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2004, 51:408-417.
39. Zakin G., Solomon Z., Neria Y. Hardiness, attachment style, and long term distress among Israeli POWs and combat veterans. Personality and Individual Differences 2003, 34:819-829.
40. Zimet G.D., Dahlem N.W., Zimet S.G., Farley G.K. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment 1988, 52:30-41.