LASE measurements of water vapor, aerosol, and cloud distributions in Saharan air layers and tropical disturbances

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1026-1047

  Ismail, Syed ^a   Ferrare, Richard A ^a   Browell, Edward V ^a   Kooi, Susan A ^b   Dunion, Jason P ^c   Heymsfield, Gerry ^d   Notari, Anthony ^b   Butler, Carolyn F ^b   Burton, Sharon ^b   Fenn, Marta ^b   Krishnamurti, T N ^e   Biswas, Mrinal K ^e   Chen, Gao ^a   Anderson, Bruce ^a  

^a NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC   (United States)

^c ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^e FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL EXTINCTION; AEROSOL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; AEROSOL LIDARS; AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS; AEROSOL SCATTERING; AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVES; CLEAR AIR; DRY-AIR INTRUSIONS; DUST LAYER; EXTINCTION-TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; FIELD EXPERIMENT; FINE STRUCTURES; HIGH RESOLUTION; HIGH WATER; IN-SITU; LIDAR ATMOSPHERIC SENSING EXPERIMENTS; LIDAR SYSTEMS; LOW-ALTITUDE; MODELING STUDIES; MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS; NORTH ATLANTIC; PROFILE MEASUREMENT; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; SAHARAN AIR LAYERS; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROPICAL DISTURBANCES; WATER VAPOR MIXING RATIO; WATER VAPOR PROFILE;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERICS; EXPERIMENTS; LIGHT EXTINCTION; NASA; OCEANOGRAPHY; OPTICAL RADAR; WATER CONTENT; WEATHER FORECASTING; WEATHER SATELLITES;

WATER VAPOR;

AEROSOL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; EASTERLY WAVE; LIDAR; MIXING RATIO; NSCAT; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; REMOTE SENSING; SCATTERING; TROPICAL CYCLONE; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 77953342866     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JAS3136.1     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Alishouse, J., S. Snyder, J. Vongsathorn, and R. Ferraro, 1990: Determination of oceanic total precipitable water from the SSM/I. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 28, 811-816.
2. Behrendt, A., and Coauthors, 2007: Intercomparison of water vapor data measured with lidar during IHOP_2002. Part I: Airborne to ground-based lidar systems and comparison with chilled-mirror hygrometer radiosondes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 3-21.
3. Bou Karam, D., C. Flamant, P. Knippertz, O. Reitebuch, J. Pelon, M. Chong, and A. Dabas, 2008: Dust emissions over the Sahel associated with the West African monsoon intertropical discontinuity region: A representative case-study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 621-634.
4. Bou Karam, D., C. Flamant, P. Tulet, M. C. Todd, J. Pelon, and E. Williams, 2009: Dry cyclogenesis and dust mobilization in the intertropical discontinuity of the West African Monsoon: A case study. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D05115, doi:10.1029/2008JD010952.
5. Browell, E. V., and Coauthors, 1997: LASE validation experiment. Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar, A. Ansman et al., Eds., Springer, 289-295.
6. Browell, E. V. W. B. Grant, and S. Ismail, 2005: Airborne lidar systems. Laser Remote Sensing, T. Fujii and T. Fukuchi, Eds., Taylor & Francis, 723-779.
7. Carlson, T. N., and J. M. Prospero, 1972: The large-scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the northern equatorial Atlantic. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 283-297.
8. Carlson, T. N., and S. G. Benjamin, 1980: Radiative heating rates for Saharan dust. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 193-213.
9. Diaz, H. F., T. N. Carlson, and J. M. Prospero, 1976: A study of the structure and dynamics of the Saharan air layer over the northern equatorial Atlantic during BOMEX. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL WMPO-32, 61 pp.
10. Dunion, J. P., and C. S. Velden, 2004: The impact of the Saharan air layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 353-365.
11. Dunion, J. P.,and C. S. Marron, 2008:A reexamination of the Jordan mean tropical sounding based on awareness of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002. J. Climate, 21, 5242-5243.
12. Engelstaedter, S., and R. Washington, 2007: Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African dust. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D03103, doi:10.1029/2006JD007195.
13. Evan,A. T., J. Dunion, J. A. Foley, A. K. Heidinger, andC. S.Velden, 2006: New evidence for a relationship between Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and African dust outbreaks. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19813, doi:10.1029/2006GL026408.
14. Fernald, F. G., 1984: Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: Some comments. Appl. Opt., 23, 652-653.
15. Ferrare, R. A., and Coauthors, 2000: Comparison of aerosol optical properties and water vapor among ground and airborne lidars and Sun photometers during TARFOX. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9917-9933.
16. Ferrare, R. A., and Coauthors, 2004: Characterization of upper-troposphere water vapor measurements during AFWEX using LASE. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 1790-1808.
17. Flamant,C., J.-P.Chaboureau,D.J.Parker,C.M.Taylor,J.-P.Cammas, O. Bock, F. Timouk, and J. Pelon, 2007: Airborne observations of the impact of a convective systemon the planetary boundary layer thermodynamics and aerosol distribution in the intertropical discontinuity region of the West African monsoon. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 1175-1189.
18. Flamant,C., P. Knippertz, D. J. Parker, J.-P. Chaboureau, C. Lavaysse, A. Augusti-Panareda, and L. Kergoat, 2009: The impact of a mesoscale convective system cold pool on the northward propagation of the intertropical discontinuity over West Africa. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 139-159.
19. Haywood, J. M., and Coauthors, 2008: Overview of the Dust and Biomass-burning Experiment and African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Special Observing Period-0. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00C17, doi:10.1029/2008JD010077.
20. Howell, S. G., A. D. Clarke, Y. Shinozuka, Y. Kapustin, C. S. McNaughton, B. J. Huebert, S. J.Doherty, and T. L.Anderson, 2006: Influence of relative humidity upon pollution and dust during ACE-Asia: Size distributions and implications for optical properties. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06205, doi:10.1029/2004JD005759.
21. Jenkins, G. S., and A. Pratt, 2008: Saharan dust, lightning and tropical cyclones in the eastern tropical Atlantic during NAMMA-06. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12804, doi:10.1029/2008GL033979.
22. Jenkins, G. S., and A. Pratt, and A. Heymsfield, 2008: Possible linkages between Saharan dust and tropical cyclone rain band invigoration in Eastern Atlantic during NAMMA-06. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08815, doi:10.1029/2008GL034072.
23. Kamineni, R., T. N. Krishnamurti, R. A. Ferrare, S. Ismail, and E. V. Browell, 2003: Impact of high-resolution water vapor cross-sectional data on hurricane forecasting. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1234, doi:10.1029/2002GL016741.
24. Kamineni, R., T. N. Krishnamurti, S. Pattnaik, E. V. Browell, S. Ismail, and R. A. Ferrare, 2006: Impact of CAMEX-4 datasets for hurricane forecasts using a global model. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 151-174.
25. Karyampudi, V. M., and T. N. Carlson, 1988: Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3102- 3136.
26. Karyampudi, V. M., and H. F. Pierce, 2002: Synoptic-scale influence of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 3100-3128.
27. Kaufman, Y. J., I. Koren, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré, P. Ginoux, and S. Fan, 2005: Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S12, doi:10.1029/2003JD004436.
28. Keil, C., A. Röpnack, G. C. Craig, and U. Schumann, 2008: Sensitivity of quantitative precipitation forecast to height-dependent changes in humidity. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L09812, doi:10.1029/2008GL033657.
29. Khain, A., D. Rosenfeld, and A. Pokrovsky, 2005: Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2639-2663.
30. Kooi, S. A., R. A. Ferrare, S. Ismail, E. V. Browell, M. B. Clayton, V. G. Brackett, and J. Halverson, 2002: Comparison of LASE water vapor measurements with dropwindsonde measurements during the Third and Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiments (CAMEX-3 and CAMEX-4). Extended Abstracts, Int. Laser Radar Conf., Montreal, QC, Canada, International Coordination Group for Laser Atmospheric Studies, 693-696.
31. Krishnamurti, T. N., and D. Oosterhof, 1989: Prediction of the life cycle of a supertyphoon with a high-resolution global model. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 1218-1230.
32. Krishnamurti, T. N., G. Rohaly, and H. S. Bedi, 1994: On the improvement of precipitation forecast skill from physical initialization. Tellus, 46A, 598-614.
33. Landsea, C. W., 1993: A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1703-1713.
34. Lau, K. M., and K. M. Kim, 2007a: Cooling of the Atlantic by Saharan dust. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23811, doi:10.1029/2007GL031538.
35. Lau, K. M., and K. M. Kim, 2007b: How nature foiled the 2006 hurricane forecasts. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 88, doi:10.1029/2007EO090002.
36. Liu, Z., A. Omar, Y. Hu, M. Vaughan, and D. Winker, cited 2005: CALIOP algorithm theoretical basis document-Part 3: Scene classification algorithms. Release 1.0, PC-SCI-202, NASA Langley Research Center. [Available online at http://wwwcalipso.larc.nasa.gov/resources/project_documentation.php.]
37. Liu, Z., and Coauthors, 2008: CALIPSO lidar observations of the optical properties of Saharan dust: A case study of long-range transport. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D07207, doi:10.1029/2007JD008878.
38. McConnell, C. L., and Coauthors, 2008: Seasonal variations of the physical and optical characteristics of Saharan dust: Results from the Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14S05, doi:10.1029/2007JD009606.
39. Müller, D., A. Ansmann, I. Mattis, M. Tesche, U. Wandinger, D. Althausen, and G. Pisani, 2007: Aerosol-type-dependent lidar ratios observed with Raman lidar. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16202, doi:10.1029/2006JD008292.
40. Omar, A., D. Winker, J. Won, and M. Vaughan, 2006: Selection algorithm for the CALIPSO lidar aerosol extinction-tobackscatter ratio. Reviewed and Revised Papers Presented at the 23rd International Laser Radar Conference, C. Nagasawa and N. Sugimoto, Eds., Tokyo Metropolitan University, 937-940.
41. Redelsperger, J.-L., C. Thorncroft, A. Diedhiou, T. Lebel, D. Parker, and J. Polcher, 2006: African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA): An international research project and field campaign. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1739-1746.
42. Rizvi, S. R. H., E. L. Bensman, T. S. V. Vijaya Kumar, A. Chakrborty, and T. N. Krishnamurti, 2002: Impact of CAMEX-3 data on the analysis and forecasts of Atlantic hurricanes. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 79, 13-32.
43. Thorncroft, C. D., and B. J. Hoskins, 1994a: An idealized study of African easterly waves. I:Alinear view. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 953-982.
44. Thorncroft, C. D., and B. J. Hoskins, 1994b: An idealized study of African easterly waves. II: A nonlinear view. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 983-1015.
45. Twohy, C. H., and Coauthors, 2009: Saharan dust particles nucleate droplets in eastern Atlantic clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01807, doi:10.1029/2008GL035846.
46. Vance, A. K., J. P. Taylor, T. J. Hewison, and J. Elms, 2004: Comparison of in situ humidity data from aircraft, dropsonde, and radiosonde. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 921- 932.
47. Vaughan, M., 2004: Algorithm for retrieving lidar ratios at 1064 nm from space-based lidar backscatter data. Laser Radar Technology for Remote Sensing, C. Werner, Ed., International Society forOptical Engineering (SPIE Proceedings,Vol. 5240), 104-115.
48. Wang, J., 2005: Evaluation of the dropsonde humidity sensor using data from DYCOMS-II and IHOP_2002. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 247-257.
49. Williams, E. R., 2008: Comment on "Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African dust" by S. Engelstaedter and R. Washington. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23109, doi:10.1029/2008JD009930.
50. Wulfmeyer, V., H.-S. Bauer, M. Grezeschik, A. Behrendt, F. Vandenberghe, E. V. Browell, S. Ismail, and R. A. Ferrare, 2006: Four-dimensional variational assimilation of water vapor differential absorption lidar data: The first case study within IHOP_2002. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 209-230.
51. Yorks, J. E., M. McGill, S. Rodier, M. Vaughan, Y. Hu, and D. Hlavka, 2009: African dust and smoke influences on radiative effects in the tropical Atlantic using CERES and CALIPSO data. Extended Abstracts, Fourth Symp. on Lidar Atmospheric Applications, Phoenix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8.3. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/89annual/techprogram/paper_144743.htm.]
52. Zhu, A., V. Ramanathan, F. Li, and D. Kim, 2007: Dust plumes over the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans: Climatology and radiative impact. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16208, doi:10.1029/2007JD008427.
53. Zipser, E. J., and Coauthors, 2009: The Saharan air layer and the fate of African easterly waves-NASA's AMMA field study of tropical cyclogenesis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 1137-1156.