Circulating markers of liver fibrosis progression

Clinica Chimica Acta

Volumn 411, Issue 1-16, 2010, Pages 1009-1017

  Jarčuška, Peter ^a   Janičko, Martin ^a   Veselíny, Eduard ^a   Jarčuška, Pavol ^a   Skladanỳ, Ľubomír ^b  

^a P J AFÁRIK UNIVERSITY   (Slovakia)

^b Fakultna nemocnica s poliklinikou FD Roosevelta Banska Bystrica   (Slovakia)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Fibrogenesis; Fibrotest; Liver fibrosis; Serum markers

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; AMINE OXIDASE (FLAVIN CONTAINING); ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; COLLAGEN TYPE 4; CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR; CORTICOSTEROID; GELATINASE A; GLYCOPROTEIN; HYALURONIC ACID; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; LAMININ; N ACETYL BETA GLUCOSAMINIDASE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PEPTIDASE; PROCOLLAGEN GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; PROCOLLAGEN LYSINE 2 OXOGLUTARATE 5 DIOXYGENASE; PROCOLLAGEN PROLINE 2 OXOGLUTARATE 4 DIOXYGENASE; PROCOLLAGEN TYPE 3 AMINOPROPEPTIDE; PROTEIN LYSINE 6 OXIDASE; TENASCIN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 2; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; UNDULIN; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; VITRONECTIN;

ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MARKER; ELASTOGRAPHY; ENZYME ANALYSIS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROGENESIS; GOLD STANDARD; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; LIVER BIOPSY; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER FUNCTION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE COUNT;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS;

EID: 77953321632     PISSN: 00098981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.04.009     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Contreras R.H., Callewaert N.L.M. Serum marker for measuring liver fibrosis. U.S. patent 7244619 2007.
2. Wai C.T., Greenson J.K., Fontana R.J., et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2003, 38:518-526.
3. Forns X., Ampurdanes S., Llovet J.M., et al. Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2002, 36:986-992.
4. Sterling R.K., Lissen E., Clumeck N., et al. Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2006, 43:1317-1325.
5. Custer B., Sullivan S.D., Hazlet T.K., Iloeje U., Veenstra D.L., Kowdley K.V. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004, 38:S158-S168.
6. Lavanchy D. Worldwide epidemiology of HBV infection, disease burden, and vaccine prevention. J Clin Virol 2005, 34(Suppl 1):S1-S3.
7. Simmonds P., Bukh J., Combet C., et al. Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2005, 42:962-973.
8. Lancet. WHO concerns on hepatitis C. Lancet 1998, 351:1415.
9. Cheung O., Sanyal A.J. Recent advances in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2009, 25:230-237.
10. Jarčuška P., Oltman M., Gürtler Ľ. Cirhóza pečene. Princípy internej medicíny 2001, 1131-1147. SAP, Bratislava. I. Ďuriš, I. Hulín, M. Bernadič (Eds.).
11. Schuppan D., Afdhal N.H. Liver Cirrhosis. Lancet 2008, 371:838-851.
12. Friedman S.L. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology 2008, 134:1655-1669.
13. Henderson N.C., Forbes S.J. Hepatic fibrogenesis: from within and outwith. Toxicology 2008.
14. Rockey D.C., Housset C.N., Friedman S.L. Activation-dependent contractility of rat hepatic lipocytes in culture and in vivo. J Clin Invest 1993, 92:1795-1804.
15. Yang C., Zeisberg M., Mosterman B., et al. Liver fibrosis: insights into migration of hepatic stellate cells in response to extra cellular matrix and growth factors. Gastroenterology 2003, 124:147-159.
16. Winau F., Hegasy G., Weiskirchen R., et al. Ito cells are liver-resident antigen-presenting cells for activating T cell responses. Immunity 2007, 26:117-129.
17. Beaussier M., Wendum D., Schiffer E., et al. Prominent contribution of portal mesenchymal cells to liver fibrosis in ischemic and obstructive cholestatic injuries. Lab Invest 2007, 87:292-303.
18. Zeisberg M., Yang C., Martino M., et al. Fibroblasts derive from hepatocytes in liver fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Biol Chem 2007, 282:23337-23347.
19. Robertson H., Kirby J.A., Yip W.W., Jones D.E., Burt A.D. Biliary epithelial-mesenchymal transition in posttransplantation recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2007, 45:977-981.
20. Radisky D.C. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2005, 118:4325-4326.
21. Russo F.P., Alison M.R., Bigger B.W., et al. The bone marrow functionally contributes to liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2006, 130:1807-1821.
22. Novo E., Parola M. Redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2008, 1:5.
23. Bilzer M., Roggel F., Gerbes A.L. Role of Kupffer cells in host defense and liver disease. Liver Int 2006, 26:1175-1186.
24. Canbay A., Friedman S., Gores G.J. Apoptosis: the nexus of liver injury and fibrosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2004, 39:273-278.
25. Seki E., De Minicis S., Osterreicher C.H., et al. TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis. Nat Med 2007, 13:1324-1332.
26. Diseases of the liver and biliary system 2002, Blackwell science, Oxford. S. Sherlock, J. Dooley (Eds.).
27. Miyahara T., Schrum L., Rippe R., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and hepatic stellate cell activation. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:35715-35722.
28. Borkham-Kamphorst E., van Roeyen C.R., Ostendorf T., Floege J., Gressner A.M., Weiskirchen R. Pro-fibrogenic potential of PDGF-D in liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2007, 46:1064-1074.
29. Wong L., Yamasaki G., Johnson R.J., Friedman S.L. Induction of beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor in rat hepatic lipocytes during cellular activation in vivo and in culture. J Clin Invest 1994, 94:1563-1569.
30. Inagaki Y., Okazaki I. Emerging insights into transforming growth factor beta Smad signal in hepatic fibrogenesis. Gut 2007, 56:284-292.
31. Bataller R., Gabele E., Parsons C.J., et al. Systemic infusion of angiotensin II exacerbates liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2005, 41:1046-1055.
32. Corey K.E., Shah N., Misdraji J., et al. The effect of angiotensin-blocking agents on liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C. Liver Int 2009.
33. Paradis V., Perlemuter G., Bonvoust F., et al. High glucose and hyperinsulinemia stimulate connective tissue growth factor expression: a potential mechanism involved in progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2001, 34:738-744.
34. Marra F., Romanelli R.G., Giannini C., et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as a chemoattractant for human hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1999, 29:140-148.
35. Friedman S.L. Hepatic fibrosis - overview. Toxicology 2008, 254:120-129.
36. Benyon R.C., Arthur M.J. Extra cellular matrix degradation and the role of hepatic stellate cells. Semin Liver Dis 2001, 21:373-384.
37. Ishimura N., Isomoto H., Bronk S.F., Gores G.J. Trail induces cell migration and invasion in apoptosis-resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006, 290:G129-G136.
38. Skladany L., Jarcuska P., Oltman M., Hrusovsky S. Percutaneous biopsy of the liver. Vnitr Lek 2003, 49:679-683.
39. Ziol M., Handra-Luca A., Kettaneh A., et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2005, 41:48-54.
40. Stebbing J., Farouk L., Panos G., et al. A meta-analysis of transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009.
41. Sandrin L., Fourquet B., Hasquenoph J.M., et al. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 2003, 29:1705-1713.
42. Gressner A.M., Gao C.F., Gressner O.A. Non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring the fibrogenic process in liver: a short survey. World J Gastroenterol 2009, 15:2433-2440.
43. Gressner O.A., Weiskirchen R., Gressner A.M. Biomarkers of liver fibrosis: clinical translation of molecular pathogenesis or based on liver-dependent malfunction tests. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry 2007, 381:107-113.
44. Gabrielli G.B., Capra F., Casaril M., et al. Serum laminin and type III procollagen in chronic hepatitis C. Diagnostic value in the assessment of disease activity and fibrosis. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry 1997, 265:21-31.
45. Giannini E., Caglieris S., Ceppa P., Risso D., Lantieri P.B., Testa R. Serum pro-collagen III peptide levels are related to lobular necrosis in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2001, 13:137-141.
46. Gallorini A., Plebani M., Pontisso P., et al. Serum markers of hepatic fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis type C treated with alfa-2A interferon. Liver 1994, 14:257-264.
47. Yabu K., Kiyosawa K., Mori H., et al. Serum collagen type IV for the assessment of fibrosis and resistance to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994, 29:474-479.
48. Raedsch R., Stiehl A., Waldherr R., et al. Procollagen-type III-peptide serum concentrations in chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver and their diagnostic value. Z Gastroenterol 1982, 20:738-743.
49. Niemela O., Risteli J., Blake J.E., Risteli L., Compton K.V., Orrego H. Markers of fibrogenesis and basement membrane formation in alcoholic liver disease. Relation to severity, presence of hepatitis, and alcohol intake. Gastroenterology 1990, 98:1612-1619.
50. Mutimer D.J., Bassendine M.F., Kelly P., James O.F. Is measurement of type III procollagen amino propeptide useful in primary biliary cirrhosis?. J Hepatol 1989, 9:184-189.
51. Nyberg A., Lindqvist U., Engstrom-Laurent A. Serum hyaluronan and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in primary biliary cirrhosis: relation to clinical symptoms, liver histopathology and outcome. J Intern Med 1992, 231:485-491.
52. Remmel T., Remmel H., Salupere V. Aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and hyaluronan in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: markers of fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 11:1016-1020.
53. Teare J.P., Sherman D., Greenfield S.M., et al. Comparison of serum procollagen III peptide concentrations and PGA index for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Lancet 1993, 342:895-898.
54. Degott C., Zafrani E.S., Callard P., Balkau B., Poupon R.E., Poupon R. Histopathological study of primary biliary cirrhosis and the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on histology progression. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1999, 29:1007-1012.
55. Stefanovic B., Hellerbrand C., Holcik M., Briendl M., Aliebhaber S., Brenner D.A. Posttranscriptional regulation of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA in hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cell Biol 1997, 17:5201-5209.
56. Mal F., Hartmann D.J., Trinchet J.C., Lacombe F., Ville G., Beaugrand M. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1988, 12:841-844.
57. Trinchet J.C., Hartmann D.J., Pateron D., et al. Serum type I collagen and N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen in chronic hepatitis. Relationship to liver histology and conventional liver tests. J Hepatol 1991, 12:139-144.
58. Murawaki Y., Ikuta Y., Koda M., Yamada S., Kawasaki H. Comparison of serum 7S fragment of type IV collagen and serum central triple-helix of type IV collagen for assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral liver disease. J Hepatol 1996, 24:148-154.
59. Castera L., Hartmann D.J., Chapel F., et al. Serum laminin and type IV collagen are accurate markers of histologically severe alcoholic hepatitis in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2000, 32:412-418.
60. George D.K., Ramm G.A., Walker N.I., Powell L.W., Crawford D.H. Elevated serum type IV collagen: a sensitive indicator of the presence of cirrhosis in haemochromatosis. J Hepatol 1999, 31:47-52.
61. Murawaki Y., Ikuta Y., Okamoto K., Koda M., Kawasaki H. Diagnostic value of serum markers of connective tissue turnover for predicting histological staging and grading in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 2001, 36:399-406.
62. Walsh K.M., Fletcher A., MacSween R.N., Morris A.J. Basement membrane peptides as markers of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2000, 32:325-330.
63. Annoni G., Colombo M., Cantaluppi M.C., Khlat B., Lampertico P., Rojkind M. Serum type III procollagen peptide and laminin (Lam-P1) detect alcoholic hepatitis in chronic alcohol abusers. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1989, 9:693-697.
64. Kondo M., Miszputen S.J., Leite-mor M.M., Parise E.R. The predictive value of serum laminin for the risk of variceal bleeding related to portal pressure levels. Hepatogastroenterology 1995, 42:542-545.
65. Korner T., Kropf J., Gressner A.M. Serum laminin and hyaluronan in liver cirrhosis: markers of progression with high prognostic value. J Hepatol 1996, 25:684-688.
66. Fabris P., Marranconi F., Bozzola L., et al. Fibrogenesis serum markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with alpha-IFN. J Gastroenterol 1999, 34:345-350.
67. Guechot J., Serfaty L., Bonnand A.M., Chazouilleres O., Poupon R.E., Poupon R. Prognostic value of serum hyaluronan in patients with compensated HCV cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2000, 32:447-452.
68. Guechot J., Laudat A., Loria A., Serfaty L., Poupon R., Giboudeau J. Diagnostic accuracy of hyaluronan and type III procollagen amino-terminal peptide serum assays as markers of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis C evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Clin Chem 1996, 42:558-563.
69. Pares A., Deulofeu R., Gimenez A., et al. Serum hyaluronate reflects hepatic fibrogenesis in alcoholic liver disease and is useful as a marker of fibrosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1996, 24:1399-1403.
70. Guechot J., Poupon R.E., Poupon R. Serum hyaluronan as a marker of liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 1995, 22:103-106.
71. Pontinha N., Pessegueiro H., Barros H. Serum hyaluronan as a marker of liver fibrosis in asymptomatic chronic viral hepatitis B. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1999, 59:343-347.
72. Mehta P., Ploutz-Snyder R., Nandi J., Rawlins S.R., Sanderson S.O., Levine R.A. Diagnostic accuracy of serum hyaluronic acid, FIBROSpect II, and YKL-40 for discriminating fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2008, 103:928-936.
73. Laine F., Bendavid C., Moirand R., et al. Prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with features of the metabolic syndrome regardless of alcohol consumption. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2004, 39:1639-1646.
74. Patel K., Nelson D.R., Rockey D.C., et al. Correlation of FIBROSpect II with histologic and morphometric evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 6:242-247.
75. Saitou Y., Shiraki K., Yamanaka Y., et al. Noninvasive estimation of liver fibrosis and response to interferon therapy by a serum fibrogenesis marker, YKL-40, in patients with HCV-associated liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2005, 11:476-481.
76. Tran A., Benzaken S., Saint-Paul M.C., et al. Chondrex (YKL-40), a potential new serum fibrosis marker in patients with alcoholic liver disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2000, 12:989-993.
77. Johansen J.S., Moller S., Price P.A., et al. Plasma YKL-40: a new potential marker of fibrosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis?. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997, 32:582-590.
78. Johansen J.S. Studies on serum YKL-40 as a biomarker in diseases with inflammation, tissue remodelling, fibroses and cancer. Dan Med Bull 2006, 53:172-209.
79. Takahara T., Furui K., Yata Y., et al. Dual expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in fibrotic human livers. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1997, 26:1521-1529.
80. Kasahara A., Hayashi N., Mochizuki K., et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 as serum markers of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Relationship to interferon response. Journal of Hepatology 1997, 26:574-583.
81. Walsh K.M., Timms P., Campbell S., MacSween R.N., Morris A.J. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) as noninvasive markers of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C: comparison using ROC analysis. Dig Dis Sci 1999, 44:624-630.
82. Murawaki Y., Ikuta Y., Idobe Y., Kawasaki H. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999, 14:138-145.
83. Hayasaka A., Suzuki N., Fujimoto N., et al. Elevated plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (92-kd type IV collagenase/gelatinase B) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1996, 24:1058-1062.
84. Ueno T., Sujaku K., Tamaki S., et al. OK-432 treatment increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and improves dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 1999, 3:497-503.
85. Benyon R.C., Iredale J.P., Goddard S., Winwood P.J., Arthur M.J. Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 is increased in fibrotic human liver. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:821-831.
86. Iredale J.P., Goddard S., Murphy G., Benyon R.C., Arthur M.J. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I and interstitial collagenase expression in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and activated human hepatic lipocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995, 89:75-81.
87. Ueno T., Tamaki S., Sugawara H., et al. Significance of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in various liver diseases. J Hepatol 1996, 24:177-184.
88. Camps J., Marsillach J., Joven J. Measurement of serum paraoxonase-1 activity as a potential biomarker for chronic liver impairment. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry 2007, 386:114-115.
89. Gressner O.A., Gressner A.M. Connective tissue growth factor: a fibrogenic master switch in fibrotic liver diseases. Liver Int 2008, 28:1065-1079.
90. Gressner O.A., Lahme B., Demirci I., Gressner A.M., Weiskirchen R. Differential effects of TGF-beta on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2007, 47:699-710.
91. Gressner A.M., Yagmur E., Lahme B., Gressner O., Stanzel S. Connective tissue growth factor in serum as a new candidate test for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Clin Chem 2006, 52:1815-1817.
92. Quan T.E., Cowper S., Wu S.P., Bockenstedt L.K., Bucala R. Circulating fibrocytes: collagen-secreting cells of the peripheral blood. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 2004, 36:598-606.
93. Kubota A., Okamura S., Omori F., et al. High serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with liver cirrhosis and granulocytopenia. Clin Lab Haematol 1995, 17:61-63.
94. Tacke F., Gabele E., Bataille F., et al. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 is elevated in patients with chronic liver disease and exerts fibrogenic effects on human hepatic stellate cells. Dig Dis Sci 2007, 52:3404-3415.
95. Desmet V.J., Gerber M., Hoofnagle J.H., Manns M., Scheuer P.J. Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 1994, 19:1513-1520.
96. Kuhn J., Gressner O.A., Gotting C., Gressner A.M., Kleesiek K. Increased serum xylosyltransferase activity in patients with liver fibrosis. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry 2009, 409:123-126.
97. Schottler M., Muller S., Schon S., et al. Serum xylosyltransferase I activity, the new biochemical fibrosis marker, is not affected by renal insufficiency. Clin Biochem 2005, 38:486-488.
98. Poon T.C., Hui A.Y., Chan H.L., et al. Prediction of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B infection by serum proteomic fingerprinting: a pilot study. Clin Chem 2005, 51:328-335.
99. Callewaert N., Van Vlierberghe H., Van Hecke A., Laroy W., Delanghe J., Contreras R. Noninvasive diagnosis of liver cirrhosis using DNA sequencer-based total serum protein glycomics. Nat Med 2004, 10:429-434.
100. Haukeland J.W., Schreiner L.T., Lorgen I., et al. ASAT/ALAT ratio provides prognostic information independently of Child-Pugh class, gender and age in non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008, 43:1241-1248.
101. Giannini E., Botta F., Testa E., et al. The 1-year and 3-month prognostic utility of the AST/ALT ratio and model for end-stage liver disease score in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2002, 97:2855-2860.
102. Giannini E., Risso D., Botta F., et al. Validity and clinical utility of the aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio in assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:218-224.
103. Nyblom H., Nordlinder H., Olsson R. High aspartate to alanine aminotransferase ratio is an indicator of cirrhosis and poor outcome in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Int 2007, 27:694-699.
104. Nyblom H., Bjornsson E., Simren M., Aldenborg F., Almer S., Olsson R. The AST/ALT ratio as an indicator of cirrhosis in patients with PBC. Liver Int 2006, 26:840-845.
105. Franzini M., Corti A., Fornaciari I., et al. Cultured human cells release soluble gamma-glutamyltransferase complexes corresponding to the plasma b-GGT. Biomarkers 2009, 14:486-492.
106. Murata Y., Abe M., Hiasa Y., et al. Liver/spleen volume ratio as a predictor of prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 2008, 43:632-636.
107. Castera L., Vergniol J., Foucher J., et al. Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2005, 128:343-350.
108. Kelleher T.B., Mehta S.H., Bhaskar R., et al. Prediction of hepatic fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infected patients using serum fibrosis markers: the SHASTA index. J Hepatol 2005, 43:78-84.
109. Lieber C.S., Weiss D.G., Morgan T.R., Paronetto F. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index in patients with alcoholic liver fibrosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006, 101:1500-1508.
110. Shaheen A.A., Myers R.P. Diagnostic accuracy of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2007, 46:912-921.
111. Halfon P., Munteanu M., Poynard T. FibroTest-ActiTest as a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2008, 32:22-39.
112. Jacqueminet S., Lebray P., Morra R., et al. Screening for liver fibrosis by using a noninvasive biomarker in patients with diabetes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 6:828-831.
113. Ratziu V., Giral P., Munteanu M., et al. Screening for liver disease using non-invasive biomarkers (FibroTest, SteatoTest and NashTest) in patients with hyperlipidaemia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007, 25:207-218.
114. Hermeziu B., Messous D., Fabre M., et al. Evaluation of FibroTest-ActiTest in children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2009.
115. Poynard T., Ngo Y., Marcellin P., Hadziyannis S., Ratziu V., Benhamou Y. Impact of adefovir dipivoxil on liver fibrosis and activity assessed with biochemical markers (FibroTest-ActiTest) in patients infected by hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 2009, 16:203-213.
116. Vergniol J., Foucher J., Castera L., et al. Changes of non-invasive markers and FibroScan values during HCV treatment. J Viral Hepat 2009, 16:132-140.
117. d'Arondel C., Munteanu M., Moussalli J., et al. A prospective assessment of an 'a la carte' regimen of PEG-interferon alpha2b and ribavirin combination in patients with chronic hepatitis C using biochemical markers. J Viral Hepat 2006, 13:182-189.
118. Ngo Y., Munteanu M., Messous D., et al. A prospective analysis of the prognostic value of biomarkers (FibroTest) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Chem 2006, 52:1887-1896.
119. Kang J.K., Cheong J.Y., Cho S.W., et al. Liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. The Korean Journal of Hepatology 2007, 13:521-529.
120. Castera L. Transient elastography and other noninvasive tests to assess hepatic fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 2009, 16:300-314.
121. Sebastiani G., Vario A., Guido M., et al. Stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive markers to diagnose significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2006, 44:686-693.
122. Sheth S.G., Flamm S.L., Gordon F.D., Chopra S. AST/ALT ratio predicts cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1998, 93:44-48.
123. Bonacini M., Hadi G., Govindarajan S., Lindsay K.L. Utility of a discriminant score for diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1997, 92:1302-1304.
124. Pohl A., Behling C., Oliver D., Kilani M., Monson P., Hassanein T. Serum aminotransferase levels and platelet counts as predictors of degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2001, 96:3142-3146.
125. Testa R., Testa E., Giannini E., et al. Noninvasive ratio indexes to evaluate fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C: role of platelet count/spleen diameter ratio index. J Intern Med 2006, 260:142-150.
126. Poynard T., Aubert A., Bedossa P., et al. A simple biological index for detection of alcoholic liver disease in drinkers. Gastroenterology 1991, 100:1397-1402.
127. Naveau S., Poynard T., Benattar C., Bedossa P., Chaput J.C. Alpha-2-macroglobulin and hepatic fibrosis. Diagnostic Interest. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1994, 39:2426-2432.
128. Fortunato G., Castaldo G., Oriani G., et al. Multivariate discriminant function based on six biochemical markers in blood can predict the cirrhotic evolution of chronic hepatitis. Clin Chem 2001, 47:1696-1700.
129. Imbert-Bismut F., Ratziu V., Pieroni L., Charlotte F., Benhamou Y., Poynard T. Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study. Lancet 2001, 357:1069-1075.
130. Poynard T., McHutchison J., Manns M., Myers R.P., Albrecht J. Biochemical surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and activity in a randomized trial of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2003, 38:481-492.
131. Sud A., Hui J.M., Farrell G.C., et al. Improved prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C using measures of insulin resistance in a probability index. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2004, 39:1239-1247.
132. Patel K., Gordon S.C., Jacobson I., et al. Evaluation of a panel of non-invasive serum markers to differentiate mild from moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Hepatol 2004, 41:935-942.
133. Leroy V., Monier F., Bottari S., et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as serum markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: comparison with PIIINP and hyaluronic acid. Am J Gastroenterol 2004, 99:271-279.
134. Rosenberg W.M., Voelker M., Thiel R., et al. Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study. Gastroenterology 2004, 127:1704-1713.
135. Cales P., Oberti F., Michalak S., et al. A novel panel of blood markers to assess the degree of liver fibrosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2005, 42:1373-1381.
136. Adams L.A., Bulsara M., Rossi E., et al. Hepascore: an accurate validated predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Chem 2005, 51:1867-1873.