Immunoregulatory role of lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interactions

BioMetals

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 387-397

  Puddu, Patrizia ^a   Latorre, Daniela ^a   Valenti, Piera ^b   Gessani, Sandra ^a  

^a ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Immune response; Inflammation; Lactoferrin; Lipopolysaccharide

Indexed keywords

CD14 ANTIGEN; CD209 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; GLYCOLIPID; LACTOFERRIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MANNOSE CAPPED LIPOARABINOMANNAN DERIVATIVE; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; RECOMBINANT LACTOFERRIN; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; TRANSFERRIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG SYNTHESIS; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; IRON BINDING CAPACITY; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; ANIMAL; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; LACTOFERRIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 77953290149     PISSN: 09660844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9307-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (92)

1. J Alcantara JS Padda AB Schryvers 1992 The N-linked oligosaccharides of human lactoferrin are not required for binding to bacterial lactoferrin receptors Can J Microbiol 38 1202 1205 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXjsFOltw%3D%3D 1335830
2. BJ Appelmelk YQ An M Geerts BG Thijs HA de Boer DM MacLaren J de Graaff JH Nuijens 1994 Lactoferrin is a lipid A-binding protein Infect Immun 62 2628 2632 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhsFemtg%3D%3D 8188389
3. J Artym M Zimecki ML Kruzel 2004 Effects of lactoferrin on IL-6 production by peritoneal and alveolar cells in cyclophosphamide-treated mice J Chemother 16 187 192 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXls1SitLs%3D 15216955
4. K Ashida H Sasaki YA Suzuki B Lonnerdal 2004 Cellular internalization of lactoferrin in intestinal epithelial cells Biometals 17 311 315 10.1023/B:BIOM.0000027710.13543.3f 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvFartbY%3D 15222483 (Pubitemid 38987155)
5. EN Baker HM Baker 2005 Molecular structure, binding properties and dynamics of lactoferrin Cell Mol Life Sci 62 2531 2539 10.1007/s00018-005-5368-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlSms7rE 16261257 (Pubitemid 41721228)
6. EN Baker HM Baker 2009 A structural framework for understanding the multifunctional character of lactoferrin Biochimie 91 3 10 10.1016/j.biochi. 2008.05.006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktF2gsg%3D%3D 18541155
7. S Baveye E Elass DG Fernig C Blanquart J Mazurier D Legrand 2000 Human lactoferrin interacts with soluble CD14 and inhibits expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, E-selectin and ICAM-1, induced by the CD14- lipopolysaccharide complex Infect Immun 68 6519 6525 10.1128/IAI.68.12.6519- 6525.2000 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjslCksLg%3D 11083760 (Pubitemid 32463349)
8. S Baveye E Elass J Mazurier D Legrand 2000 Lactoferrin inhibits the binding of lipopolysaccharides to L-selectin and subsequent production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils FEBS Lett 469 5 8 10.1016/S0014-5793(00) 01243-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhsFGrsLY%3D 10708745 (Pubitemid 30119858)
9. W Bellamy M Takase K Yamauchi H Wakabayashi K Kawase M Tomita 1992 Identification of the bactericidal domain of lactoferrin Biochim Biophys Acta 1121 130 136 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XkvVKmt7s%3D 1599934
10. B Beutler ET Rietschel 2003 Innate immune sensing and its roots: the story of endotoxin Nat Rev Immunol 3 169 176 10.1038/nri1004 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot12nsw%3D%3D 12563300 (Pubitemid 37328694)
11. K Brandenburg S Kusumoto U Seydel 1997 Conformational studies of synthetic lipid A analogues and partial structures by infrared spectroscopy Biochim Biophys Acta 1329 183 201 10.1016/S0005-2736(97)00109-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlslenu7o%3D 9370256 (Pubitemid 27464813)
12. K Brandenburg G Jurgens M Muller S Fukuoka MH Koch 2001 Biophysical characterization of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A inactivation by lactoferrin Biol Chem 382 1215 1225 10.1515/BC.2001.152 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnslGlt7Y%3D 11592403 (Pubitemid 32894028)
13. BE Britigan TS Lewis M Waldschmidt ML McCormick AM Krieg 2001 Lactoferrin binds CpG-containing oligonucleotides and inhibits their immunostimulatory effects on human B cells J Immunol 167 2921 2928 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtlSjurk%3D 11509640
14. DS Chapple DJ Mason CL Joannou EW Odell V Gant RW Evans 1998 Structure-function relationship of antibacterial synthetic peptides homologous to a helical surface region on human lactoferrin against Escherichia coli serotype O111 Infect Immun 66 2434 2440 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjs1eisbs%3D 9596699
15. G Chodaczek M Zimecki J Lukasiewicz C Lugowski 2006 A complex of lactoferrin with monophosphoryl lipid A is an efficient adjuvant of the humoral and cellular immune response in mice Med Microbiol Immunol 195 207 216 10.1007/s00430-006-0020-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVyktL3K 16838169 (Pubitemid 44600381)
16. YH Choe SW Lee 1999 Effect of lactoferrin on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide J Cell Biochem 76 30 36 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(20000101)76:1<30::AID-JCB4>3.0.CO;2-U 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fksl2gsA%3D%3D 10580998 (Pubitemid 30010756)
17. BK Choi JK Actor S Rios M d'Anjou TA Stadheim S Warburton E Giaccone M Cukan H Li A Kull N Sharkey P Gollnick M Kocieba J Artym M Zimecki ML Kruzel S Wildt 2008 Recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris: effect of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid on in vitro secondary humoral immune response Glycoconj J 25 581 593 10.1007/s10719-008-9123-y 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotFert7s%3D 18365311
18. MC Chung BD Wines H Baker RJ Langley EN Baker JD Fraser 2007 The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition Mol Microbiol 66 1342 1355 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsVY%3D 18045383
19. B Coddeville G Strecker JM Wieruszeski JF Vliegenthart H van Halbeek J Peter-Katalinic H Egge G Spik 1992 Heterogeneity of bovine lactotransferrin glycans. Characterization of alpha-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal- and alpha-NeuAc-(2->6)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-substituted N-linked glycans Carbohydr Res 236 145 164 10.1016/0008-6215(92)85013-P 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXisFSisbo%3D 1337862 (Pubitemid 23013604)
20. MS Cohen J Mao GT Rasmussen JS Serody BE Britigan 1992 Interaction of lactoferrin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS): effects on the antioxidant property of lactoferrin and the ability of LPS to prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide formation J Infect Dis 166 1375 1378 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXht1aqsbw%3D 1331250
21. SP Crouch KJ Slater J Fletcher 1992 Regulation of cytokine release from mononuclear cells by the iron-binding protein lactoferrin Blood 80 235 240 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XkvVynsrw%3D 1535239
22. CS Curran KP Demick JM Mansfield 2006 Lactoferrin activates macrophages via TLR4-dependent and -independent signaling pathways Cell Immunol 242 23 30 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.08.006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlaltbjO 17034774 (Pubitemid 44894393)
23. E Decoteau AM Yurchak RE Partridge TB Tomasi Jr 1972 Lactoferrin in synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis Arthritis Rheum 15 324 325 10.1002/art.1780150317 1:STN:280:DyaE383gt1SksA%3D%3D 4555646
24. P Derisbourg JM Wieruszeski J Montreuil G Spik 1990 Primary structure of glycans isolated from human leucocyte lactotransferrin. Absence of fucose residues questions the proposed mechanism of hyposideraemia Biochem J 269 821 825 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXls1Oltbw%3D 2390069
25. DR Dixon RP Darveau 2005 Lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity: innate host responses to bacterial modification of lipid a structure J Dent Res 84 584 595 10.1177/154405910508400702 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmsV2lt7k%3D 15972584 (Pubitemid 43827837)
26. E Elass M Masson J Mazurier D Legrand 2002 Lactoferrin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression and proteoglycan-binding ability of interleukin-8 in human endothelial cells Infect Immun 70 1860 1866 10.1128/IAI.70.4.1860-1866.2002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xitl2murc%3D 11895948 (Pubitemid 34245400)
27. E Elass-Rochard A Roseanu D Legrand M Trif V Salmon C Motas J Montreuil G Spik 1995 Lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interaction: involvement of the 28-34 loop region of human lactoferrin in the high-affinity binding to Escherichia coli 055B5 lipopolysaccharide Biochem J 312 Pt 3 839 845 1:CAS:528: DyaK28XivFSgtw%3D%3D 8554529
28. E Elass-Rochard D Legrand V Salmon A Roseanu M Trif PS Tobias J Mazurier G Spik 1998 Lactoferrin inhibits the endotoxin interaction with CD14 by competition with the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein Infect Immun 66 486 491 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmslOmtA%3D%3D 9453600
29. TB Geijtenbeek SJ Van Vliet EA Koppel M Sanchez-Hernandez CM Vandenbroucke-Grauls B Appelmelk Y Van Kooyk 2003 Mycobacteria target DC-SIGN to suppress dendritic cell function J Exp Med 197 7 17 10.1084/jem.20021229 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjslWmtw%3D%3D 12515809 (Pubitemid 36110253)
30. JL Gifford HN Hunter HJ Vogel 2005 Lactoferricin: a lactoferrin-derived peptide with antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor and immunological properties Cell Mol Life Sci 62 2588 2598 10.1007/s00018-005-5373-z 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXhtlSms7vP 16261252 (Pubitemid 41721232)
31. SI Gringhuis J den Dunnen M Litjens B van Het Hof Y van Kooyk TB Geijtenbeek 2007 C-type lectin DC-SIGN modulates Toll-like receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-kappaB Immunity 26 605 616 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.03.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmt1ajs7c%3D 17462920 (Pubitemid 46756345)
32. F Groot TB Geijtenbeek RW Sanders CE Baldwin M Sanchez-Hernandez R Floris Y van Kooyk EC de Jong B Berkhout 2005 Lactoferrin prevents dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blocking the DC-SIGN-gp120 interaction J Virol 79 3009 3015 10.1128/JVI.79.5.3009-3015.2005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitlejsrg%3D 15709021 (Pubitemid 40270580)
33. M Haridas BF Anderson EN Baker 1995 Structure of human diferric lactoferrin refined at 2.2 A resolution Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 51 629 646 10.1107/S0907444994013521 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czpsFSnsw%3D%3D 15299793
34. L Haversen BG Ohlsson M Hahn-Zoric LA Hanson I Mattsby-Baltzer 2002 Lactoferrin down-regulates the LPS-induced cytokine production in monocytic cells via NF-kappa B Cell Immunol 220 83 95 10.1016/S0008-8749(03)00006-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitlWhtbk%3D 12657243 (Pubitemid 36349060)
35. K Hayashida T Kaneko T Takeuchi H Shimizu K Ando E Harada 2004 Oral administration of lactoferrin inhibits inflammation and nociception in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis J Vet Med Sci 66 149 154 10.1292/jvms.66.149 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivVSjsLg%3D 15031542 (Pubitemid 41380329)
36. H Kawakami B Lonnerdal 1991 Isolation and function of a receptor for human lactoferrin in human fetal intestinal brush-border membranes Am J Physiol 261 G841 G846 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhslCisw%3D%3D 1659221
37. T Kawamata I Tooyama T Yamada DG Walker PL McGeer 1993 Lactotransferrin immunocytochemistry in Alzheimer and normal human brain Am J Pathol 142 1574 1585 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3mtlahtg%3D%3D 8494052
38. M Kocieba M Zimecki M Kruzel J Actor 2002 The adjuvant activity of lactoferrin in the generation of DTH to ovalbumin can be inhibited by bovine serum albumin bearing alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues Cell Mol Biol Lett 7 1131 1136 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1yjsLY%3D 12511980
39. ML Kruzel Y Harari CY Chen GA Castro 2000 Lactoferrin protects gut mucosal integrity during endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice Inflammation 24 33 44 10.1023/A:1006935908960 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhs1aqs74%3D 10704062 (Pubitemid 30105938)
40. ML Kruzel Y Harari D Mailman JK Actor M Zimecki 2002 Differential effects of prophylactic, concurrent and therapeutic lactoferrin treatment on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mice Clin Exp Immunol 130 25 31 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01956.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotlGhu7g%3D 12296849
41. Kruzel ML, Actor JK, Radak Z, Bacsi A, Saavedra-Molina A, Boldogh I (2009) Lactoferrin decreases LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cells and in animal endotoxemia model. Innate Immun. doi: 10.1177/ 1753425909105317
42. H Kuwata TT Yip M Tomita TW Hutchens 1998 Direct evidence of the generation in human stomach of an antimicrobial peptide domain (lactoferricin) from ingested lactoferrin Biochim Biophys Acta 1429 129 141 1:CAS:528: DyaK1cXnvVSlsrw%3D 9920391
43. WJ Lee JL Farmer M Hilty YB Kim 1998 The protective effects of lactoferrin feeding against endotoxin lethal shock in germfree piglets Infect Immun 66 1421 1426 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitFCis7Y%3D 9529062
44. D Legrand V Salmon B Coddeville M Benaissa Y Plancke G Spik 1995 Structural determination of two N-linked glycans isolated from recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in BHK cells FEBS Lett 365 57 60 10.1016/0014-5793(95) 00441-B 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlvFKntrY%3D 7774715
45. D Legrand E Elass M Carpentier J Mazurier 2005 Lactoferrin: a modulator of immune and inflammatory responses Cell Mol Life Sci 62 2549 2559 10.1007/s00018-005-5370-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlSms7vM 16261255 (Pubitemid 41722207)
46. D Legrand A Pierce E Elass M Carpentier C Mariller J Mazurier 2008 Lactoferrin structure and functions Adv Exp Med Biol 606 163 194 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4-6 18183929
47. YC Lu WC Yeh PS Ohashi 2008 LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway Cytokine 42 145 151 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.01.006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlslynt7c%3D 18304834
48. M Machnicki M Zimecki T Zagulski 1993 Lactoferrin regulates the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in vivo Int J Exp Pathol 74 433 439 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmt1yntrk%3D 8217778
49. DM Mann E Romm M Migliorini 1994 Delineation of the glycosaminoglycan- binding site in the human inflammatory response protein lactoferrin J Biol Chem 269 23661 23667 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmt1Cmur8%3D 8089135
50. I Mattsby-Baltzer A Roseanu C Motas J Elverfors I Engberg LA Hanson 1996 Lactoferrin or a fragment thereof inhibits the endotoxin-induced interleukin-6 response in human monocytic cells Pediatr Res 40 257 262 10.1203/00006450- 199608000-00011 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XltVajsrs%3D 8827774
51. Y Mitsuhashi K Otsuki A Yoda Y Shimizu H Saito T Yanaihara 2000 Effect of lactoferrin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced preterm delivery in mice Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 79 355 358 10.1080/j.1600-0412.2000.079005355.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ovFKjtQ%3D%3D 10830761
52. K Miyazawa C Mantel L Lu DC Morrison HE Broxmeyer 1991 Lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interactions. Effect on lactoferrin binding to monocyte/macrophage-differentiated HL-60 cells J Immunol 146 723 729 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhsVWgtrY%3D 1702815
53. SA Moore BF Anderson CR Groom M Haridas EN Baker 1997 Three-dimensional structure of diferric bovine lactoferrin at 2.8 A resolution J Mol Biol 274 222 236 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1386 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXotVGitbo%3D 9398529 (Pubitemid 27520608)
54. RS Munford 2005 Detoxifying endotoxin: time, place and person J Endotoxin Res 11 69 84 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvV2gt7g%3D 15949133
55. YJ Na SB Han JS Kang YD Yoon SK Park HM Kim KH Yang CO Joe 2004 Lactoferrin works as a new LPS-binding protein in inflammatory activation of macrophages Int Immunopharmacol 4 1187 1199 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.05.009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXls1Wgtbk%3D 15251114 (Pubitemid 38900855)
56. J Nigou C Zelle-Rieser M Gilleron M Thurnher G Puzo 2001 Mannosylated lipoarabinomannans inhibit IL-12 production by human dendritic cells: evidence for a negative signal delivered through the mannose receptor J Immunol 166 7477 7485 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksVOms78%3D 11390501
57. K Otsuki K Yakuwa M Sawada A Hasegawa Y Sasaki K Mitsukawa H Chiba M Nagatsuka H Saito T Okai 2005 Recombinant human lactoferrin has preventive effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery and production of inflammatory cytokines in mice J Perinat Med 33 320 323 10.1515/JPM.2005.057 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsVejs70%3D 16207117 (Pubitemid 41205865)
58. SK Pathak S Basu A Bhattacharyya S Pathak M Kundu J Basu 2005 Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan-mediated IRAK-M induction negatively regulates Toll-like receptor-dependent interleukin-12 p40 production in macrophages J Biol Chem 280 42794 42800 10.1074/jbc.M506471200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlCmsLbL 16263713 (Pubitemid 43049241)
59. P Puddu MG Carollo F Belardelli P Valenti S Gessani 2007 Role of endogenous interferon and LPS in the immunomodulatory effects of bovine lactoferrin in murine peritoneal macrophages J Leukoc Biol 82 347 353 10.1189/jlb.1106688 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXos12ru78%3D 17475783 (Pubitemid 47230646)
60. J Pugin RJ Ulevitch PS Tobias 1993 A critical role for monocytes and CD14 in endotoxin-induced endothelial cell activation J Exp Med 178 2193 2200 10.1084/jem.178.6.2193 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmt1Cisbc%3D 7504060 (Pubitemid 23344877)
61. CR Raetz C Whitfield 2002 Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins Annu Rev Biochem 71 635 700 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38Xos1Clt7w%3D 12045108 (Pubitemid 34800232)
62. B Samyn-Petit JP Wajda Dubos F Chirat B Coddeville G Demaizieres S Farrer MC Slomianny M Theisen P Delannoy 2003 Comparative analysis of the site-specific N-glycosylation of human lactoferrin produced in maize and tobacco plants Eur J Biochem 270 3235 3242 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03706.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmt1Skt70%3D 12869199 (Pubitemid 36930189)
63. Y Sasaki K Otsuki A Hasegawa M Sawada H Chiba M Negishi M Nagatsuka T Okai 2004 Preventive effect of recombinant human lactoferrin on lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery in mice Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83 1035 1038 15488117
64. AB Schromm K Brandenburg H Loppnow AP Moran MH Koch ET Rietschel U Seydel 2000 Biological activities of lipopolysaccharides are determined by the shape of their lipid A portion Eur J Biochem 267 2008 2013 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000. 01204.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisVCisb0%3D 10727940 (Pubitemid 30185287)
65. RR Schumann SR Leong GW Flaggs PW Gray SD Wright JC Mathison PS Tobias RJ Ulevitch 1990 Structure and function of lipopolysaccharide binding protein Science 249 1429 1431 10.1126/science.2402637 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhtF2rsrY%3D 2402637
66. O Senkovich WJ Cook S Mirza SK Hollingshead II Protasevich DE Briles D Chattopadhyay 2007 Structure of a complex of human lactoferrin N-lobe with pneumococcal surface protein a provides insight into microbial defense mechanism J Mol Biol 370 701 713 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.075 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmtlWgt7c%3D 17543335 (Pubitemid 46879775)
67. G Spik G Strecker B Fournet S Bouquelet J Montreuil L Dorland H van Halbeek JF Vliegenthart 1982 Primary structure of the glycans from human lactotransferrin Eur J Biochem 121 413 419 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05803.x 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XmsVGjsQ%3D%3D 7060557
68. G Spik B Coddeville J Montreuil 1988 Comparative study of the primary structures of sero-, lacto- and ovotransferrin glycans from different species Biochimie 70 1459 1469 10.1016/0300-9084(88)90283-0 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhtlSrs7w%3D 3149515
69. MJ Talukder E Harada 2007 Bovine lactoferrin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea modulating nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in mice Can J Physiol Pharmacol 85 200 208 10.1139/Y07-004 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXmsVWntL4%3D 17487261 (Pubitemid 46846431)
70. K Uchida R Matsuse S Tomita K Sugi O Saitoh S Ohshiba 1994 Immunochemical detection of human lactoferrin in feces as a new marker for inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders and colon cancer Clin Biochem 27 259 264 10.1016/0009-9120(94)90027-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsFSnsL4%3D 8001286 (Pubitemid 24300418)
71. H Ulvatne O Samuelsen HH Haukland M Kramer LH Vorland 2004 Lactoferricin B inhibits bacterial macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis FEMS Microbiol Lett 237 377 384 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVGiurg%3D 15321686
72. P Valenti G Antonini 2005 Lactoferrin: an important host defence against microbial and viral attack Cell Mol Life Sci 62 2576 2587 10.1007/s00018-005- 5372-0 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlSms7vO 16261253 (Pubitemid 41721231)
73. PH van Berkel ME Geerts HA van Veen PM Kooiman FR Pieper HA de Boer JH Nuijens 1995 Glycosylated and unglycosylated human lactoferrins both bind iron and show identical affinities towards human lysozyme and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, but differ in their susceptibilities towards tryptic proteolysis Biochem J 312 Pt 1 107 114 7492299
74. PH van Berkel HA van Veen ME Geerts HA de Boer JH Nuijens 1996 Heterogeneity in utilization of N-glycosylation sites Asn624 and Asn138 in human lactoferrin: a study with glycosylation-site mutants Biochem J 319 Pt 1 117 122 8870657
75. PH van Berkel ME Geerts HA van Veen M Mericskay HA de Boer JH Nuijens 1997 N-terminal stretch Arg2, Arg3, Arg4 and Arg5 of human lactoferrin is essential for binding to heparin, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, human lysozyme and DNA Biochem J 328 Pt 1 145 151 9359845
76. EA van de Graaf TA Out A Kobesen HM Jansen 1991 Lactoferrin and secretory IgA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with a stable asthma Lung 169 275 283 10.1007/BF02714163 1745058
77. LH Vorland H Ulvatne O Rekdal JS Svendsen 1999 Initial binding sites of antimicrobial peptides in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Scand J Infect Dis 31 467 473 10.1080/00365549950163987 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1yktr0%3D 10576125 (Pubitemid 29516204)
78. D Wang KM Pabst Y Aida MJ Pabst 1995 Lipopolysaccharide-inactivating activity of neutrophils is due to lactoferrin J Leukoc Biol 57 865 874 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmsFyqsbc%3D 7790769
79. PP Ward S Uribe-Luna OM Conneely 2002 Lactoferrin and host defense Biochem Cell Biol 80 95 102 10.1139/o01-214 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitlCnsbg%3D 11908649 (Pubitemid 34194233)
80. Z Wei T Nishimura S Yoshida 2001 Characterization of glycans in a lactoferrin isoform, lactoferrin-a J Dairy Sci 84 2584 2590 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38Xosl2ltw%3D%3D 11814014
81. WI Weis ME Taylor K Drickamer 1998 The C-type lectin superfamily in the immune system Immunol Rev 163 19 34 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01185.x 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsVersr0%3D 9700499 (Pubitemid 28327859)
82. O Westphal O Luderitz ET Rietschel C Galanos 1981 Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and its lipid A component: some historical and some current aspects Biochem Soc Trans 9 191 195 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXlt1Ontb4%3D 7274542
83. SD Wright 1995 CD14 and innate recognition of bacteria J Immunol 155 6 8 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmsFKhsLY%3D 7541427
84. SD Wright RA Ramos PS Tobias RJ Ulevitch JC Mathison 1990 CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein Science 249 1431 1433 10.1126/science.1698311 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXksV2q 1698311
85. HF Wu DM Monroe FC Church 1995 Characterization of the glycosaminoglycan-binding region of lactoferrin Arch Biochem Biophys 317 85 92 10.1006/abbi.1995.1139 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvV2htLg%3D 7872808
86. M Yajima T Yajima T Kuwata 2005 Intraperitoneal injection of lactoferrin ameliorates severe albumin extravasation and neutrophilia in LPS-induced inflammation in neonatal rats Biomed Res 26 249 255 10.2220/biomedres.26.249 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVyqs7c%3D 16415506
87. M Yamaguchi M Matsuura K Kobayashi H Sasaki T Yajima T Kuwata 2001 Lactoferrin protects against development of hepatitis caused by sensitization of Kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8 1234 1239 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXptVCqtL4%3D 11687469
88. K Yamauchi M Tomita TJ Giehl RT Ellison III 1993 Antibacterial activity of lactoferrin and a pepsin-derived lactoferrin peptide fragment Infect Immun 61 719 728 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhs1OgtLY%3D 8423097
89. S Yoshida Z Wei Y Shinmura N Fukunaga 2000 Separation of lactoferrin-a and -b from bovine colostrum J Dairy Sci 83 2211 2215 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00) 75104-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnsFOqu78%3D 11049060
90. T Zagulski P Lipinski A Zagulska S Broniek Z Jarzabek 1989 Lactoferrin can protect mice against a lethal dose of Escherichia coli in experimental infection in vivo Br J Exp Pathol 70 697 704 1:STN:280:DyaK3c7gsFaisg%3D%3D 2690922
91. GH Zhang DM Mann CM Tsai 1999 Neutralization of endotoxin in vitro and in vivo by a human lactoferrin-derived peptide Infect Immun 67 1353 1358 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFemur8%3D 10024582
92. M Zimecki M Kocieba M Kruzel 2002 Immunoregulatory activities of lactoferrin in the delayed type hypersensitivity in mice are mediated by a receptor with affinity to mannose Immunobiology 205 120 131 10.1078/0171-2985- 00115 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktV2lsb8%3D 11999341