EAP actuators aid the quest for the 'Holy Braille' of tactile displays

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 7642, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Runyan, Noel ^a   Blazie, Deane ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Braille; Braille actuator; Braille display; EAP actuator; Piezo bimorph; Refreshable braille

Indexed keywords

BRAILLE; BRAILLE ACTUATOR; BRAILLE DISPLAY; PIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY; TACTILE DISPLAY;

CONDUCTING POLYMERS;

ACTUATORS;

EID: 77953273428     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.847764     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (24)

1. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped and Friends of Libraries for Blind and Physically Handicapped Individuals in North America, "Braille into the Next Millennium", Washington, D.C. (2000).
2. Runyan, Noel, and Nassimbene, Ernie, "Alphanumeric 'Displays' for the Blind: A Technology Search", IBM Technical Report, IBM Corp., Los Gatos, CA (1974).
3. Foulke, Emerson, "Increasing the Braille Reading Rate", The Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Volume 73 (1979).
4. Troxell, D., E., "Experiments in Tactile and Visual Reading", IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, Volume HFE-8, Issue 4 (1967).
5. Bryce, James, W. and Wheeler, John, N., "Reading Apparatus", US Patent 2521338, (1950).
6. Grunwald, Arnold, P., "Reading and Writing Machine Using Raised Patterns", US Patent 3624772, (1971).
7. The Mitre Corporation, "Braille Display Device", US Patent 3659354, (1972).
8. Orbital Research Inc., "Braille Displays: The Solution", http://orbitalresearch.com/Medical/braille-solution.htm.
9. Rose, Leonard and Rose, Stanley, "Braille Display Reader", US Patent 4266936, (1981).
10. Ho, Tammy, "Conductive Wax Actuator", Thesis, University of Utah, (2007).
11. Fournier, Raymond, "Element with Expansible Relief", US Patent 6877986, (2005).
12. Goldschmidtboing, F., Katus, P., Geipel, A., and Woias, P., "A Novel Self-Heating Paraffin Membrane Micro-Actuator", University of Freiburg, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (2008). MEMS (2008). IEEE 21st International Conference on Publication. 13-17 (2008).
13. Tretiakoff, Oleg, and Tretiakoff, Andree, "Tactile Display Driven by Shape Memory Wires", US Patent 5718588, (1998).
14. Tretiakoff, Oleg, "Single Dot Tactile Reading Module Driven by a Shape Memory Wire", US Patent 6893263, (2005).
15. Hinton, Daniel, E., Sr. and Connolly, Charles, "Braille Devices and Techniques to Allow Media Access", http://mail.nfbnet.org/files/rd- committee/BRAILLE.TXT (1992).
16. Takahashi, Masaaki, "Tactile display device and method of controlling tactile display device", US Patent 20050158695, (2005).
17. Petersen, Robert, "Rotatable Spherical Interposer Actuator for Braille", US Patent 6734785, (2004).
18. Plante, Jean-Sébastien, and Dubowsky, Steven, "Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers", Amsterdam: Elsevier, Chapter 26, Binary Actuation, Editors: Carpi, F., De Rossi, D., Kornbluh, R., Pelrine, R., and Sommer-Larsen, P., (2008).
19. Ren, K., Liu, S., Lin, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., M., The Pennsylvania State University, "A Compact Electroactive Polymer Actuator Suitable for Refreshable Braille Display", Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 143, Issue 2 (2007).
20. Kato, Y., Iba, S., Sekitani, T., Noguchi, Y., Hizu, K., Wang, X., Takenoshita, K., Takamatsu, Y., Nakano, S., Fukuda, K., Nakamura, K., Yamaue, T., Doi, M., Asaka, K., Kawaguchi, H., Takamiya, M., Sakurai, T., and Someya, T., "A Flexible, Lightweight Braille Sheet Display with Plastic Actuators Driven by an Organic Field-Effect Transistor Active Matrix", IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, (2005).
21. Lacour, S., Pelrine, R., Wagner, S., and Prahlad, H., "Photoconductive High-Voltage Switches of Thin-film Amorphous Silicon for EAP Actuators", (2003).
22. Kubota, Misao, Kato, Tsutomu, Suzuki, Shiro, Maruyama, Hirotaka, Shidara, Keiichi, and Tanioka, Kenkichi, "Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Camera with New Super-HARP Tube" NHK Laboratories (Advanced Imaging Devices Research Division), Note No. 449 (1997).
23. Di Spigna, N., H., Chakraborti, P., Yang, P., Ghosh, T., K., Franzon, P., D., NCSU, "Application of EAP Materials Toward a Refreshable Braille Display", Proceedings of SPIE EPAD 7287, (2009).
24. Bar-Cohen, Y., (ARDIB), "Active Reading Display for Blind", New Technology Report, Item No. 0008b, Docket 20410 (1998).