Optimal endoluminal treatment of Barretts esophagus: Integrating novel strategies into clinical practice

Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 319-333

  Bisschops, Raf ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Endoscopic mucosal resection; Endoscopic resection; Esophageal cancer; Intestinal metaplasia; Mucosal cancer; Photodynamic therapy; Radiofrequency ablation

Indexed keywords

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID; PHOTOFRIN;

ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION; BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; CANCER INFILTRATION; CANCER INVASION; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CRYOTHERAPY; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; EARLY CANCER; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION; ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA; ESOPHAGOSCOPY; ESOPHAGUS INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; ESOPHAGUS RESECTION; ESOPHAGUS TUMOR; HUMAN; INTESTINE METAPLASIA; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; NARROW BAND IMAGING; NAUSEA; PATIENT SAFETY; PATIENT SELECTION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDER; PHOTOTOXICITY; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURVIVAL RATE; THORAX PAIN; TUMOR RECURRENCE; CATHETER ABLATION; ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC);

BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; CATHETER ABLATION; ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS; ESOPHAGOSCOPY; HUMANS; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 77953257816     PISSN: 17474124     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/egh.10.20     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Pohl H, Welch HG. The role of overdiagnosis and reclassification in the marked increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 97, 142-146 (2005).
2. Eloubeidi MA, Mason AC, Desmond RA, El-Serag HB. Temporal trends (1973-1997) in survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States: a glimmer of hope? Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98, 1627-1633 (2003).
3. Migliore M, Choong CK, Lim E, Goldsmith KA, Ritchie A, Wells FC. A surgeon's case volume of oesophagectomy for cancer strongly influences the operative mortality rate. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 32, 375-380 (2007).
4. Fountoulakis A, Zafirellis KD, Dolan K, Dexter SP, Martin IG, Sue-Ling HM. Effect of surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus on the clinical outcome of oesophageal cancer. Br. J. Surg. 91(8), 997-1003 (2004).
5. Lerut T, Coosemans W, Van Raemdonck D et al. Surgical treatment of Barrett's carcinoma. Correlations between morphologic findings and prognosis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 107(4), 1059-1065 (1994).
6. Westerterp M, Koppert LB, Buskens CJ et al. Outcome of surgical treatment for early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction. Virchows Arch. 446(5), 497-504 (2005).
7. Pech O, Behrens A, May A et al. Long-term results and risk actor analysis for recurrence after curative endoscopic therapy in 349 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 57(9), 1200-1206 (2008).
8. Peters FP, Brakenhoff KP, Curvers WL et al. Endoscopic cap resection for treatment of early Barrett's neoplasia is safe: a prospective analysis of acute and early complications in 216 procedures. Dis. Esophagus 20(6), 510-515 (2007).
9. Peters FP, Kara MA, Curvers WL et al. Multiband mucosectomy for endoscopic resection of Barrett's esophagus: feasibility study with matched historical controls. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19(4), 311-315 (2007).
10. Peters FP, Kara MA, Rosmolen WD et al. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection is effective for complete removal of Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia: a prospective study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101(7), 1449-1457 (2006).
11. Peters FP, Kara MA, Rosmolen WD et al. Endoscopic treatment of high-grade dysplasia and early stage cancer in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 61(4), 506-514 (2005).
12. Ell C, May A, Pech O et al. Curative endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinomas (Barrett's cancer). Gastrointest. Endosc. 65, 3-10 (2007).
13. Ell C, May A, Gossner L et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection of early cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 118, 670-677(2000).
14. Nijhawan PK, Wang KK. Endoscopic mucosal resection for lesions with endoscopic features suggestive of malignancy and high-grade dysplasia within Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 52, 328-332 (2000).
15. Buttar NS, Wang KK, Lutzke LS et al. Combined endoscopic mucosal resection and photodynamic therapy for esophageal neoplasia within Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 54, 682-688 (2001).
16. Behrens A, May A, Gossner L et al. Curative treatment for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy 37, 999-1005 (2005).
17. Conio M, Repici A, Cestari R et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: an Italian experience. World J. Gastroenterol. 11, 6650-6655 (2005).
18. May A, Gossner L, Pech O et al. Local endoscopic therapy for intraepithelial high-grade neoplasia and early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus: acute phase and intermediate results of a new treatment approach. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 1085-1091 (2002).
19. Seewald S, Akaraviputh T, Seitz U et al. Circumferential EMR and complete removal of Barrett's epithelium: a new approach to management of Barrett's esophagus containing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and intramucosal carcinoma. Gastrointest. Endosc. 57, 854-859 (2003).
20. Giovannini M, Bories E, Pesenti C et al. Circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or mucosal cancer: preliminary results in 21 patients. Endoscopy 36, 782-787 (2004).
21. Lopes CV, Hela M, Pesenti C et al. Circumferential endoscopic resection of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma. Surg. Endosc. 21(5), 820-824 (2007).
22. Pouw RE, Peters FP, Sempoux C, Piessevaux H, Deprez PH. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection for Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia: report on a Brussels' cohort. Endoscopy 40(11), 892-898 (2008).
23. Larghi A, Lightdale CJ, Ross AS et al. Long-term follow-up of complete Barrett's eradication endoscopic mucosal resection (CBE-EMR) for the treatment of high grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma. Endoscopy 39(12), 1086-1091 (2007).
24. Chennat J, Konda VJ, Ross AS et al. Complete Barrett's eradication endoscopic mucosal resection: an effective treatment modality for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma - an American single-center experience. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104(11), 2684-2692 (2009).
25. Pech O, May A, Rabenstein T, Ell C. Endoscopic resection of early oesophageal cancer. Gut 56(11), 1625-1634 (2007).
26. Liu L, Hofstetter WL, Rashid A et al. Significance of the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis in superficially invasive (T1) esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 29(8), 1079-1085 (2005).
27. Hölscher AH, Bollschweiler E, Schneider PM et al. Early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Br. J. Surg. 84, 1470-1473 (1997).
28. Thomas P, Doddoli C, Neville P et al. Esophageal cancer resection in the elderly. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 11, 941-946 (1996).
29. Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EV et al. Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 1128-1137 (2002).
30. Birkmeyer JD, Stukel TA, Siewers AE et al. Surgeon volume and operative mortality in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 2117-2127 (2003).
31. Braghetto I, Csendes A, Cardemil G et al. Open transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy versus minimally invasive esophagectomy in terms of morbidity, mortality and survival. Surg. Endosc. 20, 1681-1686 (2006).
32. Luketich JD, Alvelo-Rivera M, Buenaventura PO et al. Minimally invasive esophagectomy: outcomes in 222 patients. Ann. Surg. 238(4), 486-494 (2003).
33. Decker G, Coosemans W, De Leyn P et al. Minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 35(1), 13-20 (2009).
34. Wolfsen HC, Crook JE, Krishna M et al. Prospective, controlled tandem endoscopy study of narrow band imaging for dysplasia detection in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 135(1), 24-31 (2008).
35. Curvers W, Baak L, Kiesslich R et al. Chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging compared with high-resolution magnification endoscopy in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 134(3), 670-679 (2008).
36. Kara MA, Ennahachi M, Fockens P, ten Kate FJ, Bergman JJ. Detection and classification of the mucosal and vascular patterns (mucosal morphology) in Barrett's esophagus by using narrow band imaging. Gastrointest. Endosc. 64(2), 155-166 (2006).
37. Singh R, Anagnostopoulos GK, Yao K et al. Narrow-band imaging with magnification in Barrett's esophagus: validation of a simplified grading system of mucosal morphology patterns against histology. Endoscopy 40(6), 457-463 (2008).
38. Canto MI, Setrakian S, Willis J et al. Methylene blue-directed biopsies improve detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 51(5), 560-568 (2000).
39. Canto MI, Setrakian S, Willis JE, Chak A, Petras RE, Sivak MV. Methylene blue staining of dysplastic and nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus: an in vivo and ex vivo study. Endoscopy 33(5), 391-400 (2001).
40. Gossner L, Pech O, May A, Vieth M, Stolte M, Ell C. Comparison of methylene blue-directed biopsies and four-quadrant biopsies in the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Dig. Liver Dis. 38(10), 724-729 (2006).
41. Ragunath K, Krasner N, Raman VS, Haqqani MT, Cheung WY. A randomized, prospective cross-over trial comparing methylene blue-directed biopsy and conventional random biopsy for detecting intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy 35(12), 998-1003 (2003).
42. Horwhat JD, Maydonovitch CL, Ramos F et al. A randomized comparison of methylene blue-directed biopsy versus conventional four-quadrant biopsy for the detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in patients with long-segment Barrett's esophagus. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103(3), 546-554 (2008).
43. Fortun PJ, Anagnostopoulos GK, Kaye P et al. Acetic acid-enhanced magnification endoscopy in the diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 15 23(6), 735-742 (2006).
44. Kara MA, Peters FP, Ten Kate FJ, Van Deventer SJ, Fockens P, Bergman JJ. Endoscopic video autofluorescence imaging may improve the detection of early neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 61(6), 679-685 (2005).
45. Kara MA, Peters FP, Fockens P, ten Kate FJ, Bergman JJ. Endoscopic video-autofluorescence imaging followed by narrow band imaging for detecting early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 64(2), 176-185 (2006).
46. Curvers WL, Singh R, Song LM et al. Endoscopic tri-modal imaging for detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus: a multi-centre feasibility study using high-resolution endoscopy, autofluorescence imaging and narrow band imaging incorporated in one endoscopy system. Gut 57(2), 167-172 (2008).
47. Kiesslich R, Gossner L, Goetz M et al. In vivo histology of Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4(8), 979-987 (2006).
48. Pohl H, Rösch T, Vieth M et al. Miniprobe confocal laser microscopy for the detection of invisible neoplasia in patients with Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 57(12), 1648-1653 (2008).
49. Dunbar KB, Okolo P, Montgomery E, Canto MI. Confocal laser endomicroscopy in Barrett's esophagus and endoscopically inapparent Barrett's neoplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial. Gastrointest. Endosc. 70(4), 645-654 (2009).
50. Leung KK, Maru D, Abraham S, Hofstetter WL, Mehran R, Anandasabapathy S. Optical EMR: confocal endomicroscopy-targeted EMR of focal high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 69(1), 170-172 (2009).
51. Pech O, Günter E, Dusemund F et al. Value of high-frequency miniprobes and conventional radial endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of early Barrett's carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial with a cross-over design. Gastrointest. Endosc. 67(5), 198-199 (2008).
52. Scotiniotis IA, Kochman ML, Lewis JD et al. Accuracy of EUS in the evaluation of Barrett's oesophagus and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. Gastrointest. Endosc. 54(6), 689-696 (2001).
53. May A, Guenter E, Roth F et al. Accuracy of staging in oesophageal cancer using high resolution endoscopy and high resolution endosonography: a comparative, prospective, and blinded trial. Gut 53, 634-640 (2004).
54. Larghi A, Lightdale CJ, Memeo L et al. EUS followed by EMR for staging of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 62(1), 16-23 (2005).
55. Esaki M, Matsumoto T, Moriyama T et al. Probe EUS for the diagnosis of invasion depth in superficial esophageal cancer: a comparison between a jelly-filled method and a water-filled balloon method. Gastrointest. Endosc. 63(3), 389-395 (2006).
56. Pech O, May A, Günter E et al. The impact of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography on the TNM staging of early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101, 2223-2229 (2006).
57. Chemaly M, Scalone O, Durivage G et al. Miniprobe EUS in the pretherapeutic assessment of early esophageal neoplasia. Endoscopy 40(1), 2-6 (2007).
58. Rampado S, Bocus P, Battaglia G et al. Endoscopic ultrasound: accuracy in staging superficial carcinomas of the oesophagus. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 85(1), 251-256 (2008).
59. Pech O, Gossner L, Manner H et al. Prospective evaluation of the macroscopic types and location of early Barrett's neoplasia in 380 lesions. Endoscopy 39, 588-593 (2007).
60. van Vliet EP, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Hunink MG et al. Staging investigations for oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Br. J. Cancer 98(3), 547-557 (2008).
61. Nishimaki T, Tanaka O, Ando N et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of preoperative staging in thoracic esophageal cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 68(6), 2059-2064 (1999).
62. Romagnuolo J, Scott J, Hawes RH et al. Helical CT versus EUS with fine needle aspiration for celiac nodal assessment in patients with esophageal cancer. Gastrointest. Endosc. 55(6), 648-654 (2002).
63. Bhutani MS, Hawes RH, Hoffmann BJ. A comparison of the accuracy of echo features during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration for diagnosis of malignant lymph node invasion. Gastrointest. Endosc. 45, 474-479 (1997).
64. Kutup A, Link BC, Schurr PG et al. Quality control of endoscopic ultrasound in preoperative staging of esophageal cancer. Endoscopy 39(8), 715-719 (2007).
65. Shimpi RA, George J, Jowell P et al. Staging of esophageal cancer by EUS: staging accuracy revisited. Gastrointest. Endosc. 66(3), 475-482 (2007).
66. Konda VJ, Ross AS, Ferguson MK et al. Is the risk of concomitant invasive esophageal cancer in high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus overestimated? Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6(2), 159-164 (2008).
67. Pech O, Günter E, Ell C. Endosonography of high-grade intra-epithelial neoplasia/ early cancer. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 23(5), 639-647 (2009).
68. Schembre DB, Huang JL, Lin OS et al. Treatment of Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia: a comparison of endoscopic therapy and esophagectomy. Gastrointest. Endosc. 67(4), 595-601 (2008).
69. Prasad GA, Wu TT, Wigle DA, Buttar NS et al. Endoscopic and surgical treatment of mucosal (T1a) esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 137(3), 815-823 (2009).
70. Manner H, May A, Pech O et al. Early Barrett's carcinoma with "low-risk" submucosal invasion: long-term results of endoscopic resection with a curative intent. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103(10), 2589-2597 (2008).
71. Buskens CJ, Westerterp M, Lagarde SM et al. Prediction of appropriateness of local endoscopic treatment for high-grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma by EUS and histopathologic features. Gastrointest. Endosc. 60(5), 703-710 (2004).
72. Tang SJ, Tang L, Jazrawi SF. Circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection of a 14-cm Barrett's dysplasia with the Duette mucosectomy device (with videos). Gastrointest. Endosc. 68(4), 786-789 (2008).
73. Peters FP, Krishnadath KK, Rygiel AM et al. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection of the complete Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia successfully eradicates pre-existing genetic abnormalities. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(9), 1853-1861 (2007).
74. Kahaleh M, Van Laethem JL, Nagy N, Cremer M, Devière J. Long-term follow-up and factors predictive of recurrence in Barrett's esophagus treated by argon plasma coagulation and acid suppression. Endoscopy 34(12), 950-955 (2002).
75. Dumot JA, Greenwald BD. Argon plasma coagulation, bipolar cautery, and cryotherapy: ABC's of ablative therapy. Endoscopy 40, 1026-1032 (2008).
76. Morris CD, Byrne JP, Armstrong GR, Attwood SE. Prevention of the neoplastic progression of Barrett's oesophagus by endoscopic argon beam plasma ablation. Br. J. Surg. 88(10), 1357-1362 (2001).
77. Manner H, May A, Miehlke S et al. Ablation of nonneoplastic Barrett's mucosa using argon plasma coagulation with concomitant esomeprazole therapy (APBANEX): a prospective multicenter evaluation. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101(8), 1762-1769 (2006).
78. Attwood SE, Lewis CJ, Caplin S, Hemming K, Armstrong G. Argon beam plasma coagulation as therapy for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1(4), 258-263 (2003).
79. Chennat J, Ross AS, Konda VJ et al. Advanced pathology under squamous epithelium on initial EMR specimens in patients with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma: implications for surveillance and endotherapy management. Gastrointest. Endosc. 70(3), 417-421 (2009).
80. Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF et al. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 360(22), 2277-2288 (2009).
81. Overholt BF, Lightdale CJ, Wang KK et al. Photodynamic therapy with porfimer sodium for ablation of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: international, partially blinded, randomized Phase III trial. Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 488-498 (2005).
82. Overholt BF, Wang KK, Burdick JS et al. Five-year efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy with Photofrin in Barrett's high-grade dysplasia. Gastrointest. Endosc. 66, 460-468 (2007).
83. Pech O, Gossner L, May A et al. Long-term results of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid for superficial Barrett's cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 24-30 (2005).
84. Hage M, Siersema PD, van Dekken H et al. 5-aminolevulinic acid photo-dynamic therapy versus argon plasma coagulation for ablation of Barrett's oesophagus: a randomised trial. Gut 53, 785-790 (2004).
85. Peters F, Kara M, Rosmolen W et al. Poor results of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for residual high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett esophagus after endoscopic resection. Endoscopy 37, 418-424 (2005).
86. Greenwald BD, Dumot JA, Horwhat JD, Lightdale CJ, Abrams JA. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of endoscopic low-pressure liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in the esophagus. Dis. Esophagus 23(1), 13-19 (2010).
87. Johnston M, Eastone JA, Horwhat JD et al. Cryoablation of Barrett's esophagus: a pilot study. Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 842-848 (2005).
88. Canto M, Gorospe EC, Shin EJ et al. Carbon dioxide (CO2) cryotherapy is a safe and effective treatment of Barrett's esophagus with HGD/intramucosal carcinoma. Gastrointest. Endosc. 69, AB341 (2009).
89. Sharma VK, Wang KK, Overholt BF et al. Balloon-based, circumferential, endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus: 1-year follow-up of 100 patients (with video). Gastrointest. Endosc. 65, 185-195 (2007).
90. Fleischer D, Overholt B, Sharma VK et al. Endoscopic ablation of Barrett's esophagus: a multicenter study with 2.5-year follow-up. Gastrointest. Endosc. 68, 867-876 (2008).
91. Gondrie JJ, Pouw RE, Sondermeijer CM et al. Effective treatment of early Barrett's neoplasia with stepwise circumferential and focal ablation using the HALO system. Endoscopy 40(5), 370-379 (2008).
92. Gondrie JJ, Pouw RE, Sondermeijer CM et al. Stepwise circumferential and focal ablation of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia: results of the first prospective series of 11 patients. Endoscopy 40(5), 359-369 (2008).
93. Pouw RE, Gondrie JJ, Sondermeijer CM et al. Eradication of Barrett esophagus with early neoplasia by radiofrequency ablation, with or without endoscopic resection. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 12, 1627-1637 (2008).
94. Pouw RE, Wirths K, Eisendrath P et al. Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation combined with endoscopic resection for Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8, 23-29 (2010).
95. Pouw RE, Gondrie JJ, Rygiel AM et al. Properties of the neosquamous epithelium after radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus containing neoplasia. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104(6), 1366-1373 (2009).
96. Beaumont H, Gondrie JJ, McMahon BP et al. Stepwise radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus preserves esophageal inner diameter, compliance, and motility. Endoscopy 41(1), 2-8 (2009).
97. Roorda AK, Marcus SN, Triadafilopoulos G. Early experience with radiofrequency energy ablation therapy for Barrett's esophagus with and without dysplasia. Dis. Esophagus 20, 516-522 (2007).
98. Ganz RA, Overholt BF, Sharma VK et al. U.S. Multicenter Registry. circumferential ablation of Barrett's esophagus that contains high-grade dysplasia: a U.S. Multicenter Registry. Gastrointest. Endosc. 68(1), 35-40 (2008).
99. Sharma VK, Kim HJ, Das A, Dean P, DePetris G, Fleischer DE. A prospective pilot trial of ablation of Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia using stepwise circumferential and focal ablation (HALO system). Endoscopy 40(5), 380-387 (2008).
100. Hernandez JC, Reicher S, Chung D et al. Pilot series of radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus with or without neoplasia. Endoscopy 40(5), 388-392 (2008).
101. Sharma VK, Jae Kim H, Das A, Wells CD, Nguyen CC, Fleischer DE. Circumferential and focal ablation of Barrett's esophagus containing dysplasia. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104(2), 310-317 (2009).
102. Bisschops R, De Hertogh G, Beck J, Rutgeerts P, Geboes K. Efficacy of pre-treatment biopsies in predicting final histopathology of endoscopically resected early malignancies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest. Endosc. 69, AB360 (2009).
103. Skacel M, Petras RE, Gramlich TL et al. The diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and its implications for disease progression. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95(12), 3383-3387 (2000).
104. Montgomery E, Bronner MP, Goldblum JR et al. Reproducibility of the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: a reaffirmation. Hum. Pathol. 32(4), 368-378 (2001).
105. Inadomi JM, Somsouk M, Madanick RD, Thomas JP, Shaheen NJ. A cost-utility analysis of ablative therapy for Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 136(7), 2101-2114 (2009).
106. Basu KK, Pick B, Bale R, West KP, de Caestecker JS. Efficacy and one year follow up of argon plasma coagulation therapy for ablation of Barrett's oesophagus: factors determining persistence and recurrence of Barrett's epithelium. Gut 51(6), 776-780 (2002).
107. Familiari L, Scaffidi M, Bonica M et al. Endoscopic treatment of Barrett's epithelium with Argon Plasma Coagulation. Long-term follow-up. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol. 49(1), 63-70 (2003).
108. Ferraris R, Fracchia M, Foti M et al. Barrett's oesophagus: long-term follow-up after complete ablation with argon plasma coagulation and the factors that determine its recurrence. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 25(7), 835-840 (2007).
109. Madisch A, Miehlke S, Bayerdorffer E et al. Long-term follow-up after complete ablation of Barrett's esophagus with argon plasma coagulation. World J. Gastroenterol. 11(8), 1182-1186 (2005).
110. Pagani M, Granelli P, Chella B, Antoniazzi L, Bonavina L, Peracchia A. Barrett's esophagus: combined treatment using argon plasma coagulation and laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Dis. Esophagus 16(4), 279-283 (2003).
111. Ackroyd R, Kelty CJ, Brown NJ, Stephenson TJ, Stoddard CJ, Reed MW. Eradication of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus using photodynamic therapy: long-term follow-up. Endoscopy 35(6), 496-501 (2003).
112. Overholt BF, Panjehpour M, Haydek JM. Photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus: follow-up in 100 patients. Gastrointest. Endosc. 49(1), 1-7 (1999).
113. Overholt BF, Panjehpour M, Halberg DL. Photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia and/or early stage carcinoma: long-term results. Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(2), 183-188 (2003).
114. Wolfsen HC, Woodward TA, Raimondo M. Photodynamic therapy for dysplastic Barrett esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mayo Clin. Proc. 77(11), 1176-1181 (2002).
115. Wolfsen HC, Hemminger LL, Wallace MB, Devault KR. Clinical experience of patients undergoing photodynamic therapy for Barrett's dysplasia or cancer. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 20(10), 1125-1131 (2004).