Traumatic spinal cord injury and concomitant brain injury: A cohort study

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

Volumn 122, Issue SUPPL. 190, 2010, Pages 51-57

  Hagen, E M ^a,b   Eide, G E ^a,b   Rekand, T ^a   Gilhus, N E ^a,b   Gronning, M ^a,b  

^a HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Etiology; Incidence; Traumatic brain injury; Traumatic spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURY;

EID: 77953198389     PISSN: 00016314     EISSN: 16000404     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01376.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Barker RN, Kendall MD, Amsters DI, Pershouse KJ, Haines TP, Kuipers P. The relationship between quality of life and disability across the lifespan for people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2009;47 : 149-155.
2. Hagen EM, Lie SA, Rekand T, Gilhus NE, Gronning M. Mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury: 50 years of follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81 : 368-373.
3. DeVivo MJ. Epidemiology of spinal cord injury. In : Lin VW, ed. Spinal cord medicine: principles and practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, 2003;79-85.
4. Zafonte RD, Elovic E. Dual diagnosis: traumatic brain injury in a person with spinal cord injury. In : Kirshblum S, Campagnolo DI, DeLisa JA, eds. Spinal cord medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002; 261-74.
5. Ayyoub Z, Badawi F, Vasile AT, Arzaga D, Cassedy A, Shaw V. Dual diagnosis: spinal cord injury and brain injury. In : Lin VW, ed. Spinal cord medicine: principles and practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, Inc, 2003;509-24.
6. Elovic E, Kirshblum S. Epidemiology of spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury: the scope of the problem. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 1999;5 : 1 20.
7. Macciocchi S, Seel RT, Thompson N, Byams R, Bowman B. Spinal cord injury and co-occurring traumatic brain injury: assessment and incidence. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89 : 1350-1357.
8. Tolonen A, Turkka J, Salonen O, Ahoniemi E, Alaranta H. Traumatic brain injury is under-diagnosed in patients with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Med 2007;39 : 622-626.
9. Hagen EM, Eide GE, Rekand T, Gilhus NE, Gronning M. A 50-year follow-up of the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injuries in Western Norway. Spinal Cord 2010;48 : 313-318.
10. Statistics Norway. Statistical yearbook of Norway 2002. Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway, 2002.
11. Kraus JF, Franti CE, Riggins RS, Richards D, Borhani NO. Incidence of traumatic spinal cord lesions. J Chronic Dis 1975;28 : 471-492.
12. Maynard FM, Bracken MB, Creasey G, et al. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997;35 : 266-274.
13. Hagen EM, Rekand T, Gilhus NE, Gronning M. Diagnostic coding accuracy for traumatic spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord 2009;47 : 367-371.
14. Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B, Kock-Jensen C. Scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minimal, mild, and moderate head injuries. J Trauma 2000;48 : 760-766.
15. Stein SC, Spettell C. The Head-Injury Severity Scale (HISS): a practical classification of closed-head injury. Brain Inj 1995;9 : 437-444.
16. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment and prognosis of coma after head-injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976;34 : 45-55.
17. Rehn M, Eken T, Kruger AJ, Steen PA, Skaga NO, Lossius HM. Precision of field triage in patients brought to a trauma centre after introducing trauma team activation guidelines. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2009;17 : 1.
18. Lydersen S, Fagerland MW, Laake P. Recommended tests for association in 2 × 2 tables. Stat Med 2009;28 : 1159-1175.
19. Student. The probable error of a mean. Biometrika 1908;6 : 1-25.
20. Kleinbaum DG, Klein M. Logistic regression: a self-learning text. New York: Springer, 2002.
21. Abelson-Mitchell N. Epidemiology and prevention of head injuries: literature review. J Clin Nurs 2008;17 : 46-57.
22. Sundstrom T, Sollid S, Wentzel-Larsen T, Wester K. Head injury mortality in the Nordic countries. J Neurotrauma 2007;24 : 147-153.
23. Bombardier CH, Thurber CA. Blood alcohol level and early cognitive status after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1998;12 : 725-734.
24. Ahlm K, Bjornstig U, Ostrom M. Alcohol and drugs in fatally and non-fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in northern Sweden. Accid Anal Prev 2009;41 : 129-136.
25. Stockwell T, McLeod R, Stevens M, Phillips M, Webb M, Jelinek G. Alcohol consumption, setting, gender and activity as predictors of injury: a population-based case-control study. J Stud Alcohol 2002;63 : 372-379.
26. Cunningham RM, Maio RF, Hill EM, Zink BJ. The effects of alcohol on head injury in the motor vehicle crash victim. Alcohol 2002;37 : 236-240.
27. Turner AP, Kivlahan DR, Rimmele CT, Bombardier CH. Does preinjury alcohol use or blood alcohol level influence cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury? Rehabil Psychol 2006;51 : 78-86.
28. Holly LT, Kelly DF, Counelis GJ, Blinman T, McArthur DL, Cryer HG. Cervical spine trauma associated with moderate and severe head injury: incidence, risk factors, and injury characteristics. J Neurosurg 2002;96 : 285-291.
29. Butcher I, Mchugh GS, Lu J, et al. Prognostic value of cause of injury in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma 2007;24 : 281-286. (Pubitemid 46492149)
30. Andersson EH, Bjorklund R, Emanuelson I, Stalhammar D. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury: a population based study in western Sweden. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;107 : 256-259.
31. Jacobsson LJ, Westerberg M, Lexell J. Demographics, injury characteristics and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in northern Sweden. Acta Neurol Scand 2007;116 : 300-306.
32. Steyerberg EW, Mushkudiani N, Perel P, et al. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics. PLoS Med 2008;5 : e165.
33. Maas AIR, Hukkelhoven CWPM, Marshall LF, Steyerberg EW. Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic characteristics: a comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery 2005;57 : 1173-1181.
34. Macciocchi SN, Bowman B, Coker J, Apple D, Leslie D. Effect of co-morbid traumatic brain injury on functional outcome of persons with spinal cord injuries. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83 : 22-6.
35. Hagen EM, Aarli JA, Gronning M. The clinical significance of spinal cord injuries in patients older than 60 years of age. Acta Neurol Scand 2005;112 : 42-7.